High pressure cleaning device
阅读说明:本技术 高压清洁设备 (High pressure cleaning device ) 是由 安德烈亚斯·黑格勒 约翰纳斯·格茨 维尔纳·施瓦布 于 2017-06-29 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种高压清洁设备(10),其具有泵(14),泵具有抽吸线路(24)和压力线路(30),其中,在压力线路(30)中布置有止回阀(34),并且泵具有溢流阀(84),溢流阀依赖于压力释放通过溢流线路(74)的流动路径,用以使清洁液体从压力线路(30)流出。溢流阀(84)具有在关闭位置中液体密封地贴靠在阀座(82)上的关闭体(86),关闭体可以抵抗关闭弹簧(92)的关闭力地运动到与阀座(82)间隔开的打开位置中,并且与以能移动的方式保持在控制腔(56)内且能被加载以处于压力下的清洁液体的控制活塞(58)连接。为了在不使用喷射器的情况下减小溢流阀(84)的结构大小,控制活塞(58)将控制腔(56)划分为排出压力腔(64)和溢流腔(66)。排出压力腔(64)与压力线路(30)的布置在止回阀(34)下游的区域连接并且具有第一贯通开口(96),第一贯通开口被固定在控制活塞(58)上的活塞杆(94)穿过。溢流腔(66)与压力线路(30)的布置在止回阀(34)上游的区域连接并且具有第二贯通开口(80),第二贯通开口构造出阀座(82)。贯通开口(96、80)是不一样大的,并且控制活塞(58)在其面对较大的贯通开口的一侧上能被加载以关闭弹簧(92)的关闭力。(The invention relates to a high-pressure cleaning appliance (10) having a pump (14) which has a suction line (24) and a pressure line (30), wherein a check valve (34) is arranged in the pressure line (30), and the pump has a relief valve (84) which releases a flow path through a relief line (74) as a function of pressure in order to let cleaning liquid flow out of the pressure line (30). The overflow valve (84) has a closing body (86) which rests in a liquid-tight manner against a valve seat (82) in a closed position, can be moved against a closing force of a closing spring (92) into an open position spaced apart from the valve seat (82), and is connected to a control piston (58) which is held in a movable manner in a control chamber (56) and can be charged with cleaning liquid under pressure. In order to reduce the size of the relief valve (84) without using an injector, the control piston (58) divides the control chamber (56) into a discharge pressure chamber (64) and a relief chamber (66). The outlet pressure chamber (64) is connected to a region of the pressure line (30) which is arranged downstream of the check valve (34) and has a first through-opening (96) which is penetrated by a piston rod (94) which is fastened to the control piston (58). The overflow chamber (66) is connected to a region of the pressure line (30) which is arranged upstream of the check valve (34) and has a second through-opening (80) which forms a valve seat (82). The through-openings (96, 80) are not equally large, and the control piston (58) can be loaded on its side facing the larger through-opening to close the closing force of the spring (92).)
1. High-pressure cleaning device (10) having a pump (14) for delivering a cleaning liquid, wherein the pump (14) has a suction line (24) and a pressure line (30), and a check valve (34) is arranged in the pressure line (30), and wherein the pump (14) has a relief valve (84) which, as a function of the pressure of the cleaning liquid present in the pressure line (30), releases a flow path through a relief line (74) for the cleaning liquid to flow out of the pressure line (30), wherein the relief valve (84) has a closing body (86) which, in a closed position, rests liquid-tightly against a valve seat (82), which can be moved against the closing force of a closing spring (92) into an open position spaced apart from the valve seat (82), and which is held movably in a control chamber (56) and can be moved by a valve stem (88) A control piston (58) which is charged with cleaning liquid under pressure, characterized in that the control piston (58) divides the control chamber into a discharge pressure chamber (64) and an overflow chamber (66), wherein the discharge pressure chamber (64) is connected via a pressure channel (68) to a region of the pressure line (30) which is arranged downstream of the check valve (34) and has a first through opening (96) which is passed through by a piston rod (94) which is fastened in a liquid-tight manner on the control piston (58), and wherein the overflow chamber (66) is connected via a line section (72) of the overflow line (74) to a region of the pressure line (30) which is arranged upstream of the check valve (34) and has a second through opening (80) which forms the valve seat (82), wherein the two through-openings (96, 80) are not equally large and the control piston (58) can be loaded on its side facing the larger through-opening with the closing force of the closing spring (92).
2. A high-pressure cleaning appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the closing spring (92) is arranged in the overflow chamber (66).
3. High pressure cleaning device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the closing spring is clamped between the control piston (58) and a valve seat element (70) configuring the second through opening (80) and the valve seat (82).
4. High-pressure cleaning device according to claim 3, characterized in that the control piston (58) carries the valve rod (88) on its side (134) facing the second through-opening (80), wherein the valve rod (88) passes through the overflow chamber (66) and the second through-opening (80) and carries the closing body (86) on the region of the valve rod protruding from the overflow chamber (66), and wherein the valve seat (82) is arranged on the side of the valve seat element (70) facing away from the overflow chamber (66), and the closing body (86) is loadable against the closing force of the closing spring (92) to the pressure of the cleaning liquid present in the overflow chamber (66).
5. The high-pressure cleaning appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston rod (94) and the valve rod (88) are cylindrically designed and have different diameters.
6. High-pressure cleaning device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sliding sleeve (52) is arranged in the control chamber (56), in which sliding sleeve the control piston (58) is movably supported.
7. The high pressure cleaning apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston (58) has a first piston part (102) and a second piston part (104) rigidly connected to the first piston part (102).
8. The high pressure cleaning apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the first piston portion (102) is integrally connected with the piston rod (94).
9. The high-pressure cleaning appliance according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the second piston part (104) is detachably or non-detachably connected, in particular screwed, to the valve rod (88).
10. A high-pressure cleaning appliance according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pressure relief valve (116) is integrated in the control piston (58), which relief valve releases the flow path between the discharge pressure chamber (64) and the overflow chamber (66) in dependence on the pressure difference between the pressure prevailing in the discharge pressure chamber (64) and the pressure prevailing inside the overflow chamber (66).
11. A high-pressure cleaning appliance according to claim 10, characterized in that the pressure relief valve (116) has a valve body (118) which can be loaded by a valve spring (120) with a closing force under the effect of which the valve body (118) bears against a valve seat (122).
12. The high-pressure cleaning appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pump (14) has a valve chamber (42) into which an overflow device (46) with the overflow valve (84) can be inserted in the form of a preassembled structural assembly.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-pressure cleaning device having a pump for delivering a cleaning liquid, wherein the pump has a suction line and a pressure line, and a check valve is arranged in the pressure line, and wherein the pump has an overflow valve which, depending on the pressure of the cleaning liquid present in the pressure line, releases a flow path through the overflow line for the cleaning liquid to flow out of the pressure line, wherein the overflow valve has a closing body which rests in a liquid-tight manner on a valve seat in a closed position, can be moved into an open position spaced apart from the valve seat against the closing force of a closing spring, and is connected by a valve rod to a control piston which is held in a movable manner in a control chamber and can be charged with the cleaning liquid under pressure.
Background
With such a high-pressure cleaning device, a cleaning liquid, preferably water, can be placed under pressure and directed towards the surface to be cleaned. The high-pressure cleaning appliance has a pump which can be driven by a motor, preferably an electric motor, and which has at least one piston which can be moved back and forth and which is immersed in a pump chamber. Preferably, the pump comprises three reciprocable pistons, each of which is immersed in a pump chamber. The cleaning liquid under pressure can be conveyed by a liquid conveying line, for example by a suction hose, to a pump, and the cleaning liquid under pressure can be conveyed by the pump by a liquid outlet line, for example by a high-pressure hose, to a liquid outlet device, for example a spray gun or a spray bar. The liquid outlet means has a valve which can be opened and closed by a user. The cleaning liquid can be output under pressure when the valve is open, and the liquid output can be ended by closing the valve.
The high-pressure cleaning appliance has a relief valve which opens in dependence on the pressure prevailing in the pressure line and releases the flow path so that cleaning liquid can flow out of the pressure line through the relief line in order to reduce the pressure in the pressure line. If the valve of the liquid outlet means is closed, the pressure of the cleaning liquid in the pressure line is increased on the basis of the continued activation of the pump. When a preset maximum value of the pressure is exceeded, the overflow valve releases the flow path so that cleaning liquid can flow out of the pressure line through the overflow line.
For example, it can be provided that the flow path extends from the pressure line to the suction line through the overflow line, so that the overflow valve opens when a preset maximum value of the pressure prevailing in the pressure line is exceeded, and that cleaning liquid can flow from the pressure line to the suction line through the overflow line. The pump can thus be operated cyclically.
It can also be provided that the flow path extends from the pressure line through the overflow line to the outlet, through which the cleaning liquid can be discharged when a preset maximum value of the pressure prevailing in the pressure line is exceeded.
It can also be provided that the flow path extends from the pressure line to a collecting space which, when the pressure prevailing in the pressure line is exceeded, receives cleaning liquid from the pressure line.
It may be provided that the pump is shut off after the overflow valve has been opened.
The overflow valve has a closing body which in a closed position rests in a liquid-tight manner against a valve seat and can be moved against a closing force of a closing spring into an open position in which the closing body is at a distance from the valve seat and thereby releases a flow path from the pressure line through the overflow line. The control of the closing body is effected by means of a control piston which is rigidly connected to the closing body via a valve rod and can be acted upon by a pressurized cleaning liquid.
High-pressure cleaning devices of the aforementioned type are known from WO 2016/015763 a 1. In this high-pressure cleaning appliance, the pressure prevailing in the pressure line acts on one side of the control piston during the discharge of the cleaning liquid, and on the opposite side the control piston is loaded with a closing force of the closing spring. The closing force of the closing spring therefore acts against the pressing force which is composed of the pressure loading the control piston with the cleaning liquid present in the pressure line. During the discharge of the cleaning liquid, the pressure of the cleaning liquid can be greater than 100bar, in particular at least 150 bar. It is therefore necessary to use very strong closing springs whose closing force acting on the control piston must be carefully adjusted during assembly in order to ensure that the closing body connected to the control piston is reliably held in its closed position by the closing spring when the liquid outlet means is open, i.e. during the delivery of cleaning liquid, and is moved into its open position against the closing force of the closing spring when the liquid outlet means is closed, i.e. when a preset maximum value of pressure is exceeded. The strong closing spring required for this makes the relief valve of considerable overall size and the adjustment of the closing body required makes the assembly of the high-pressure cleaning appliance difficult.
From DE 102009049096 a1 a high-pressure cleaning appliance is known, in which the overflow valve can be actuated depending on the flow rate of the cleaning liquid present in the pressure line. For this purpose, a throttle element (in the form of an injector) is arranged in the region of the pressure line downstream of the non-return valve, said throttle element having a through-opening which is first narrowed and then widened again in the flow direction, and a transverse bore branching off from the narrowest point of the through-opening. The pressure of the cleaning liquid present in the transverse bore is related to its flow rate and is taken into account for controlling the overflow valve. In this embodiment, the closing spring of the overflow valve can be constructed more weakly and with a smaller overall size, but the use of an injector leads to considerable flow losses, since the injector exhibits a non-negligible flow resistance. This in turn leads to a higher energy consumption of the high-pressure cleaning appliance.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is therefore to improve a high-pressure cleaning device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the overall size of the relief valve is reduced without the use of an injector and the assembly of the high-pressure cleaning device can be simplified.
This object is achieved according to the invention in a high-pressure cleaning appliance of the generic type in that the control piston divides the control chamber into a discharge pressure chamber and an overflow chamber, wherein the discharge pressure chamber is connected via a pressure channel to a region of the pressure line which is arranged downstream of the check valve and has a first through-opening which is penetrated by a piston rod which is fastened to the control piston in a liquid-tight manner, and wherein the overflow chamber is connected via a line section of the overflow line to a region of the pressure line which is arranged upstream of the check valve and has a second through-opening which forms a valve seat, wherein the two through-openings are not equally large and the control piston can be loaded on its side facing the larger through-opening with a closing force of the closing spring.
In the high-pressure cleaning appliance according to the invention, the control chamber is divided by the control piston into a discharge pressure chamber and a spill chamber. Preferably, the control piston is surrounded in the circumferential direction by a sealing element, for example a sealing ring, which seals the discharge pressure chamber against the overflow chamber.
The discharge pressure chamber can be charged with the pressure prevailing in the pressure line downstream of the non-return valve. The outlet pressure space is connected to this end via a pressure channel to a region of the pressure line which is arranged downstream of the non-return valve. The overflow chamber constitutes an area of the overflow line. The overflow chamber is connected via a line section of the overflow line to a region of the pressure line which is arranged upstream of the non-return valve. The overflow chamber can thus be charged with the pressure prevailing upstream of the non-return valve in the pressure line.
During the discharge of the cleaning liquid, the pressure prevailing downstream of the non-return valve in the pressure line and upstream of the non-return valve in the pressure line is equally large, apart from the small pressure loss which the cleaning liquid undergoes when flowing through the non-return valve. During the discharge of the cleaning liquid, therefore, virtually the same pressure prevails in the discharge pressure chamber and the overflow chamber, wherein a first piston side of the control piston is acted upon by the pressure prevailing in the discharge pressure chamber, and wherein a second piston side of the control piston facing away from the first piston side is acted upon by the pressure prevailing in the overflow chamber.
According to the invention, the discharge pressure chamber has a first through opening which is penetrated in a liquid-tight manner by a piston rod which is fastened to the control piston. A piston rod extends from the control piston through the discharge pressure chamber to the first through opening. In this way, the area of the control piston that can be pressurized in the direction of the overflow chamber is reduced in the discharge pressure chamber. The larger the first through opening, the smaller the area that can be loaded with pressure, since this area is reduced due to the piston rod passing through the first through opening. This in turn results in a reduction of the pressure force acting on the control piston in the outlet pressure chamber, which pressure force is directed in the direction of the overflow chamber.
The overflow chamber likewise has a through opening, which is currently referred to as second through opening. The second through opening constitutes a valve seat of the overflow valve. During the delivery of the cleaning liquid, the closing body of the overflow valve rests against the valve seat. The closing body is connected to the control piston via a valve rod. The valve rod extends from the control piston through the overpressure chamber to the closing body which rests against the valve seat of the second through-opening. In this way, the area of the control piston that can be acted upon with pressure in the direction of the discharge pressure chamber is reduced in the overflow chamber, and therefore the pressing force acting on the control piston in the overflow chamber, which is directed in the direction of the discharge pressure chamber, is also reduced.
One of the two through openings is larger than the other through opening, for example the second through opening is larger than the first through opening according to the invention. The control piston is subjected to a smaller pressure load on the side facing the larger through opening than on the side facing the smaller through opening.
The resulting pressure load, which acts on the control piston and causes it to move, results from the difference in pressure loads, which act on the control piston in the discharge pressure chamber and the overflow chamber. The different sizes of the two through openings result in a resulting pressure load which urges the control piston in the direction of the larger through opening. This resultant pressure load acts against the closing force of a closing spring which loads the control piston on the side facing the larger through-opening.
The closing force required for reliably retaining the closing body in its closed position during the delivery of cleaning liquid can therefore be kept small. The only decisive factor for the required strength of the closing force is the difference between the pressing forces acting on the control piston in the outlet pressure chamber and the overflow chamber. What is important for this difference is again the difference in size between the two through openings. The smaller the difference in size, the smaller the closing force required.
The pressing force is related to the pressure of the cleaning liquid present in the pressure line. The greater the pressure, the greater the pressing force acting on the control piston. The closing force exerted by the closing spring on the control piston, unlike the pressing force, is independent of the pressure of the cleaning liquid. If the pressure in the pressure line exceeds a preset maximum value, the closing force exerted by the closing spring on the control piston is not sufficient to hold the control piston firmly, but instead the control piston moves under the effect of the pressure load and the closing body connected to the control piston via the valve stem lifts off the valve seat and releases the flow path from the pressure line through the overflow line, so that cleaning liquid flows out of the pressure line and the pressure in the pressure line can thereby be reduced.
In order to hold the closing body in its closed position, the closing spring merely has to apply a closing force to the control piston, which is rigidly connected to the closing body via the valve rod, which corresponds to the difference in the pressing forces acting on the control piston. This allows the use of a closing spring with a comparatively small overall size without the injector having to be arranged in the pressure line for this purpose. Due to the absence of an ejector, the flow losses of the cleaning liquid under pressure can be kept small in the high-pressure cleaning device according to the invention.
The closing spring is preferably arranged in the overflow chamber.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the closing spring is clamped between the control piston and the valve seat element, wherein the valve seat element forms the second through-opening and the valve seat.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control piston carries a valve rod on its side facing the second through-opening, wherein the valve rod passes through the overflow chamber and the second through-opening and carries the closing body on its region projecting from the overflow chamber, and wherein the valve seat is arranged on the side of the valve seat element facing away from the overflow chamber, and the closing body can be loaded against the closing force of the closing spring to the pressure of the cleaning liquid present in the overflow chamber. In this embodiment of the invention, the closing body is arranged on the side of the valve seat element facing away from the overflow chamber and is acted upon in the closed position by the second through-opening for the pressure prevailing in the overflow chamber. The pressure loading acts against the closing force of the closing spring. The pressure acting on the closing body acts on the control piston via the valve rod, so that the control piston receives both the pressing force acting directly on the control piston and the pressing force acting on the closing body.
Advantageously, the closing spring is configured as a helical spring surrounding the valve rod.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the piston rod and the valve rod are of cylindrical design and have different diameters. In particular, it can be provided that the diameter of the piston rod is greater than the diameter of the valve rod.
It is particularly advantageous if a sliding sleeve is arranged in the control chamber, in which sliding sleeve the control piston is mounted in a displaceable manner. Preferably, the control piston has a sealing ring which bears in a fluid-tight manner against the sliding sleeve. The sealing ring which surrounds the control piston in the circumferential direction slides on the sliding sleeve along the latter during the movement of the control piston, and the friction between the sealing ring and the sliding sleeve can be kept small by suitable material selection. In the event of wear, the sliding sleeve can be replaced in a simple manner.
The sliding sleeve is preferably at least partially, in particular completely, made of a plastic material or of metal.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control piston has a first piston part and a second piston part rigidly connected to the first piston part.
The two piston parts can advantageously be connected to each other in a releasable manner. In particular, it can be provided that the two piston parts can be screwed together.
The piston rod is advantageously arranged on the first piston part.
Preferably, the first piston part is integrally connected with the piston rod.
The first piston part and the piston rod are preferably constructed as a one-piece component from a metal or plastic material.
The valve stem is advantageously arranged on the second piston part.
It may be provided that the second piston part is integrally connected with the valve rod.
Alternatively, it may be provided that the second piston part is connected to the valve rod in a detachable or non-detachable manner. In particular, it can be provided that the second piston part can be screwed to the valve rod.
It is particularly advantageous to integrate a pressure relief valve in the control piston, which releases the flow path between the discharge pressure chamber and the overflow chamber as a function of the pressure difference between the pressure of the cleaning liquid present in the discharge pressure chamber and the pressure of the cleaning liquid present in the overflow chamber. If the pressure difference reaches a preset limit value, the pressure compensation can be performed by means of a pressure relief valve, which is opened. If the pressure difference is less than a preset limit value, the pressure relief valve is closed.
The outlet pressure chamber is connected via a pressure channel to a region of the pressure line which is arranged downstream of the non-return valve. The overflow chamber is connected via a first line section of the overflow line to a region of the pressure line which is arranged upstream of the non-return valve. Preferably, a second line section of the overflow line is connected to a valve seat of the overflow valve, and the flow connection between the overflow chamber and the second line section of the overflow line can be released and interrupted by the overflow valve as a function of the pressure of the cleaning liquid. The cleaning liquid placed under pressure can be conveyed to a liquid output device, such as a spray gun or spray bar, through a pressure line and a liquid output line coupled to a pressure connection of the high pressure cleaning apparatus. If the liquid outlet means is open, the cleaning liquid placed under pressure flows through the pressure line, wherein the non-return valve opens and the overflow valve closes. If the liquid outlet means is closed, the pressure of the cleaning liquid rises on account of the pump acting in the pressure line. If the pressure of the cleaning liquid exceeds a preset maximum value, the overflow valve opens and cleaning liquid can flow from the pressure line through the overflow line, for example to the suction line. The check valve is thereby moved into its closed position and thus interrupts the flow connection between the region of the pressure line arranged upstream of the check valve and the region of the pressure line arranged downstream of the check valve. In order to ensure that the region of the pressure line which is arranged downstream of the non-return valve also experiences a pressure drop, a pressure relief valve is preferably integrated into the control piston, which pressure relief valve is transferred into its open position on the basis of the high pressure prevailing in the pressure line downstream of the non-return valve and thus releases the flow connection between the discharge pressure chamber and the overflow chamber. The pressure of the cleaning liquid present downstream of the non-return valve can thereby be reduced by the cleaning liquid being able to flow from the region of the pressure line downstream of the non-return valve via the pressure channel, the discharge pressure chamber and the open pressure relief valve to the overflow chamber and from the overflow chamber via a second line section of the overflow line, for example to the suction line. Thus, when closing the liquid outlet means, the pressure in the liquid outlet line, e.g. a high-pressure hose, is reduced. This makes it easy for the user to subsequently open the liquid outlet means again.
The pressure relief valve integrated into the control piston preferably has a valve body which can be acted upon by a valve spring with a closing force, under the action of which the valve body bears against a valve seat. If the pressure of the cleaning liquid present downstream of the non-return valve in the pressure line exceeds a preset value, the valve body of the pressure relief valve is displaced against the action of the valve spring into an open position in which it releases the flow path between the discharge pressure chamber and the overflow chamber.
It is particularly advantageous if the pump has a valve chamber into which the overflow device with the overflow valve can be inserted in the form of a preassembled structural assembly. This makes the assembly of the high-pressure cleaning appliance easy. The pre-assembled assembly preferably has the valve seat element and the closing body of the overflow valve, the control piston and the piston rod, the valve rod and the closing spring, which is supported on the control piston on the one hand and on the valve seat element on the other hand. As already mentioned, the pressure relief valve can be integrated into the control piston.
Drawings
The following description of advantageous embodiments is provided to illustrate the invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a high pressure cleaning apparatus;
FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the pump of the high pressure cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of the overflow of the pump from fig. 2, wherein the overflow is designed with a pre-assembled structural assembly and has an overflow valve.
Detailed Description
In the figures, an advantageous embodiment of a high-pressure cleaning appliance according to the invention is schematically shown and generally designated by
In a conventional manner, a liquid carrying line, which is known per se and is therefore not shown for a better overview, for example a suction hose, can be coupled to the
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The sliding
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On its side facing the
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If cleaning liquid under pressure is output by the high-
If the output of cleaning liquid put under pressure is interrupted, increased pressure builds up in the pressure lines upstream and downstream of the
Since only the
As already mentioned, the closing
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