阅读说明：本技术 一种土岩混合边坡喷播基质及其制备方法 (Soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix and preparation method thereof ) 是由 刘福英 王进 吴建宇 周裕森 何义江 王瑞峰 贺勇 潘亮 张跃华 于 2019-11-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种土岩混合边坡喷播基质及其制备方法,土岩混合边坡喷播基质主要由黏土、壤质土、芦苇纤维制备得到；其中黏土质量占比为23％～40％,壤质土质量占比为50％～75％,芦苇纤维质量占比为0.6％～12％,所述芦苇纤维长度为20mm-120mm。本发明土岩混合边坡喷播基质以黏土、壤质土、芦苇纤维为主要原料,采用特定的用量比例组合,通过芦苇纤维增加基质结构稳定性、牵拉力和附着力,降解后的芦苇纤维化作生物有机肥料,为植物生长提供养分,改善了传统基质喷播后形成的土壤存在的结构较差、团粒结构较少、营养物质匮乏等问题,以及由于粘结剂失效导致失稳的问题,并且可以实现芦苇的资源化利用。(The invention discloses a soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix and a preparation method thereof, wherein the soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix is mainly prepared from clay, loamy soil and reed fibers; wherein the mass ratio of clay is 23-40%, the mass ratio of loamy soil is 50-75%, the mass ratio of reed fiber is 0.6-12%, and the length of reed fiber is 20-120 mm. The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix takes clay, loamy soil and reed fibers as main raw materials, adopts a specific dosage proportion combination, increases the structural stability, the pulling force and the adhesive force of the matrix through the reed fibers, and leads the degraded reed fibers to be used as biological organic fertilizer to provide nutrients for plant growth, improves the problems of poor structure, less granular structure, deficient nutrient substances and the like of soil formed after the traditional matrix spray-seeding and the problem of instability caused by the failure of a binder, and can realize the resource utilization of the reed.)

1. The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix is characterized by being mainly prepared from clay, loamy soil and reed fibers; wherein the mass ratio of clay is 23-40%, the mass ratio of loamy soil is 50-75%, the mass ratio of reed fiber is 0.6-12%, and the length of reed fiber is 20-120 mm.

2. The matrix of claim 1, wherein the matrix further comprises a chemical binder, and the amount of the binder in the matrix is 3g/m³-20g/m³。

3. The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix further comprises a water-retaining agent, and the amount of the water-retaining agent in the matrix is 3g/m³-30g/m³。

4. The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix according to claim 1, wherein a bio-organic fertilizer is added into the spray-seeding matrix, and the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer is 2-10%.

5. The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix according to claim 1, wherein the length of the reed fiber is 40mm-70 mm.

6. The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clay accounts for 25-36% by mass, the loam soil accounts for 55-70% by mass, and the reed fiber accounts for 1-8% by mass.

7. The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix according to claim 4, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises one or more of decomposed livestock and poultry manure and decomposed crop straws.

8. The earth and rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water-retaining agent comprises an acrylamide water-retaining agent.

9. An earth and rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix according to claim 2, characterized in that the binder comprises a water-soluble binder, preferably a polyacrylamide binder.

10. The method for preparing the matrix for the earth-rock mixed side slope spray seeding according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the matrix is obtained by adding the raw materials into a stirrer in proportion and stirring and mixing the raw materials.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of water and soil protection, in particular to a soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The soil dressing spray seeding is to fully mix the mixture of loam, plant fiber, plant seeds, fertilizer, water-retaining agent, binder, turfy soil and the like, then evenly spray the mixture to the engineering slope surface needing protection according to the designed thickness through high-pressure equipment and a spraying machine, and achieve the purpose of rapidly greening and stabilizing the barren slope surface through reasonable maintenance management of plant growth. The spray seeding matrix has certain stability, can supply nutrients and moisture for the vegetation, recovers an ecosystem damaged by engineering construction and development, cultivates the vegetation which stabilizes the slope and is harmonious with the surrounding environment, and can recover the original greening state of the nature correctly as soon as possible. The foreign soil spray-seeding technology originates from English and American, is actively popularized in Japan, and becomes one of the most extensive ecological slope protection technologies. China's extra soil spray-seeding technology is introduced from Japan and is widely applied to urban road slope greening.

Peat, is a product of the growth process of swamps. Turfy soil is formed in the quaternary stage and is formed by the incomplete decomposition and accumulation of the residues of swamp plants under the anaerobic condition of watery water, and contains a large amount of water, plant residues which are not completely decomposed, humus and a part of mineral substances. The turfy soil has the organic matter content of more than 30 percent (considered by foreign countries to be more than 50 percent), is soft in texture and easy to break, has the specific gravity of 0.7-1.05, is mostly brown or black, has flammability and gas absorption, has the pH value of 5.5-6.5 generally, is slightly acidic in reaction, is distributed in a layered manner, is called a peat layer, is an important mark of the development speed and the development degree of marsh, is a precious natural resource, and is also a non-renewable resource.

The phenomenon that the vegetation coverage is reduced due to the lack of nutrient substances in the later period of the artificial soil formed by current spray seeding; according to the current situation of actual engineering, the varieties of the binders sold on the market at the present stage are well mixed, the retention effect of foreign soil spray-seeding water and soil is weakened due to the fact that the action time of the binders is too short, the stability of the soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix is reduced, and endless potential safety hazards are brought. In the prior art, the turfy soil is used as a raw material of a soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix, although the effect is good, the turfy soil belongs to a non-renewable resource, so that the storage capacity is reduced after long-term use, the use cost is higher and higher, and the current government has limited exploitation. In addition, a certain amount of sludge is generated in the sewage treatment process of a sewage treatment plant, the sludge comprises three types of domestic sewage sludge, industrial wastewater sludge and water supply sludge, the generated sludge needs to be continuously subjected to harmless treatment in the prior art, and although the government encourages utilization, the utilization field needs to be widened to solve the problem of export.

The plant fiber used by current spray seeding is wood fiber, mainly comes from imported materials and is high in price. The wood is forbidden to cut in China, and the material source is almost unavailable.

The reed has the characteristics of long fiber, convenient material taking and simple processing. In the past years, reed is mainly used as a paper making material, but in recent years, many paper making plants are shut down due to paper making pollution control, and the use direction of reed as an industrial raw material is limited. The more the reeds grow in lakes in water areas with serious eutrophication, the more the reeds are transported out without being mowed every year, which will aggravate the eutrophication condition of the lakes.

Disclosure of Invention

The first purpose of the invention is to provide a soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix, which utilizes reed fibers to enhance the adhesive force and mutual adhesion and pulling force of the matrix, can be kept stable for a long time, can be used as a fertilizer to provide nutrients for plant growth after the reed fibers are decomposed, and has the advantages of long fertilizer effect time, resource saving, contribution to ecology, cost reduction, capability of effectively improving greening effect and the like.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix, which has the advantages of simple process and low cost and is suitable for large-scale production.

In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

a soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix is mainly prepared from clay, loamy soil and reed fibers; wherein the mass ratio of clay is 23-40%, the mass ratio of loamy soil is 50-75%, the mass ratio of reed fiber is 0.6-12%, and the length of reed fiber is 20-120 mm.

Because the densities of loam, clay, reed fiber and bio-organic fertilizer are different, the proportion of each material in the formula is different, the volume weight of the spraying-seeding matrix formed by different formulas is in a dynamic state, and the dynamic range is 1300kg/m³±100kg/m³。

According to the soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix, the reed fibers are used, the structural stability and the adhesive force of the matrix are increased through the reed fibers, the degraded reed fibers are used as a biological organic fertilizer, nutrients are provided for plant growth, the problems of poor structure, small aggregate structure, deficient nutrient substances and the like of soil formed after the traditional matrix spray-seeding are solved, the problem of instability caused by the failure of a binder is solved, and the resource utilization of the reeds can be realized.

The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix adopts loamy soil consisting of soil and biological organic fertilizer as a raw material, can replace nonrenewable turfy soil resources used in the prior art, and wood fiber resources which are high in price and insufficient in domestic resources used in the prior art, can keep stable for a long time on the premise of effectively reducing the cost, has long fertilizer efficiency time, and can effectively improve the greening effect.

Compared with the traditional matrix, the matrix for spraying the soil-rock mixed side slope can achieve the standard of the traditional matrix in all indexes, wherein the early growth condition of plants, the plant biomass, the soil fertility, the anti-scouring capability and the like are greatly improved, so that the water retention effect of the matrix for spraying the soil-rock mixed side slope is improved, the greening quality is improved, and the investment cost is reduced.

Preferably, the matrix further comprises a chemical binder, the amount of the binder in the matrix being 3g/m³-20g/m³。

Preferably, the substrate also comprises a water retention agent, and the amount of the water retention agent in the substrate is 3g/m³-30g/m³。

The problems of adherence and stability of artificial soil mainly relate to the improvement of physical and mechanical properties such as cohesiveness, adhesiveness and plasticity of soil, and can be solved by reasonably utilizing and proportioning a binder, a soil stabilizer and plant fibers. The use of a binder, which provides a stronger binding force between the fibres and the soil and between the fibres, prevents the loss of artificial soil caused by wind and rain, and its rational use also relates to the type of soil. The inherent viscosity of soils of different textures is different, and the addition amount of the binder is different. The amount of sandy soil is large, the amount of cohesive soil can be reduced, and the soil can be used according to the conventional amount. In the spray-seeding process of the mixed slurry, the binder also has the functions of lubricating, preventing fiber from agglomerating and reducing the passing resistance of the mixed slurry in pipelines and water pumps. The main functions of the binder are to improve the adhesion of wood fibers to soil and to bond the fibers together, so as to ensure that the spray-seeding layer is resistant to wind erosion and rain wash without falling off. The binder should be compatible with the water-retaining agent without impairing its respective function and also be environmentally friendly.

Preferably, a bio-organic fertilizer is added into the spray seeding matrix, and the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer is 2-10%.

Preferably, the length of the reed fiber is 40mm-70 mm.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the clay is 25-36%, the mass ratio of the loamy soil is 55-70%, and the mass ratio of the reed fiber is 1-8%.

Specifically, the reed fiber occupation ratio is different due to different slope gradients and local rainfall intensity, and areas with steep slopes and heavy rain are larger.

Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer comprises one or more of decomposed livestock and poultry manure and decomposed crop straws.

Further preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed chicken manure, cattle and sheep manure and the like, and preferably comprises sterilized chicken manure and sheep manure.

The chicken manure and the sheep manure in China are rich in resources, the sheep is generally raised in inner Mongolia and rural pastoral areas in multiple provinces in northern China, the resource utilization rate is low, and the waste is serious. The distribution of sterilized chicken manure, sheep manure and fertilizer (chicken-reject, fertilizer) can increase crop yield. The application of fertilizers is still an effective measure for improving the biological yield of plants.

Preferably, the water retaining agent comprises an acrylamide water retaining agent.

The water-retaining agent is a water-absorbent resin, is a novel preparation which can be used for regulating soil moisture and nutrients, keeping soil moisture, improving soil and increasing crop yield, and is an important measure for saving water and fertilizer, continuously increasing yield and efficiently utilizing water and fertilizer in agriculture. The substance contains a large amount of strong water absorption matrix with specific structure, and can absorb pure water which is hundreds of times more than the weight of the substance. Can relieve the soil moisture deficiency and promote the plant root development and plant growth; the irrigation frequency and cost can be reduced, the fertilizer can be used together with fertilizer nutrients, pesticides and the like to improve the fertilizer efficiency, promote the seed germination, improve the survival rate and the growth speed of nursery stocks, improve the crop yield, greatly reduce the loss of fertilizers and soil, promote the soil phylogeny, improve the barren soil and enhance the air permeability and water retention functions of the soil; can make crops grow normally under the hot and drought conditions. The added water-retaining agent macromolecular chain structure can enhance the binding force among the easily dispersed particles, so that the particles can be bound with each other and aggregated into water-stable granules, thereby causing the change of the particle size composition, forming a larger granule structure, applying the water-retaining agent in the soil to promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil and improving the utilization efficiency of soil nutrients; the water-retaining agent is added into the waste water and the animal waste solution to adsorb the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements in the solution.

Preferably, the binder comprises a water-soluble binder, preferably a polyacrylamide binder.

The preparation method of the soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix is obtained by adding the raw materials into a stirrer in proportion and stirring and mixing.

The preparation method of the soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Preferably, the preparation method comprises adding appropriate amount of water according to the requirement of the stirrer, and stirring and mixing.

More preferably, the amount of the added water is 1/5-1/3 of the volume of the base material, the mixture is stirred for 20-30 s, and the spraying is carried out after the mixture is fully stirred.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix, clay, loamy soil and reed fibers are used as main raw materials, a specific dosage proportion combination is adopted, the structural stability and the adhesive force of the matrix are improved through the reed fibers, the reed fibers after fiber growth degradation are used as biological organic fertilizers, nutrients are provided for plant growth, the problems of poor structure, few aggregate structures, nutrient substance deficiency and the like of soil formed after the traditional matrix spray-seeding are solved, the problem of instability caused by the failure of a binder is solved, the problem that the soil structure is damaged by polymerization of heavy metals in the traditional spray-seeding matrix can be effectively solved through the use of the reed fibers, the reed fibers can provide nutrients for the soil, and the resource utilization of reeds can be realized.

The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix improves the problems of poor structure, less granular structure, deficient nutrient substances and the like of soil formed after the traditional matrix spray-seeding, and the problem of instability caused by the failure of a binder.

The soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix adopts loam formed by soil and biological organic fertilizer as a raw material, can replace non-renewable turfy soil resources and wood fiber materials which are high in price and difficult to obtain in the prior art, saves the use of a fixing net, can keep stable for a long time on the premise of effectively reducing the cost, has long fertilizer efficiency time, and can effectively improve the greening effect.

The reeds used in the invention are mainly taken from lakes, particularly lakes with vigorous growth, no industrial application and eutrophication tendency, and the reeds are mowed to have positive effect on reducing the eutrophication degree of the lakes.

Compared with the traditional matrix, the matrix for spraying the soil-rock mixed side slope can achieve the standard of the traditional matrix in all indexes, wherein the early growth condition of plants, the plant biomass, the soil fertility, the anti-scouring capability and the like are greatly improved, so that the water retention effect of the matrix for spraying the soil-rock mixed side slope is improved, the greening quality is improved, and the investment cost is reduced.

The preparation method of the soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described examples are some, not all, of the examples of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The raw materials used in the specific embodiment of the invention comprise:

clay: call is from the left flag in the area of Heteroma;

loamy soil: planting soil in farmland from Huohanhia and Hunter regions;

chicken manure: the birth comes from a huhehao large-scale chicken farm;

reed, reed: is taken from the native left flag hami sea;

water-retaining agent: the acrylamide water retention agent manufacturer is France Edison;

adhesive: polyacrylamide thickener, french epson;

test address: inner Mongolian grass group base for new city of Huihahote city

Test scale: the reed fiber, the adhesive, the reed fiber and the traditional formula are respectively provided with 2 formulas and 6 designs, 5 rainfall intensities of 10mm/24h, 20mm/24h, 40mm/24h, 60mm/24h, 80mm/24h and the like are simultaneously simulated manually, 30 test sample plots are provided, each test sample plot is 200 square meters, and 6000 square meters are tested.