阅读说明：本技术 输电线路登塔作业防坠保护系统及防坠保护方法 (Anti-falling protection system and anti-falling protection method for tower climbing operation of power transmission line ) 是由 杨佳睿 于 2019-12-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明为一种输电线路登塔作业防坠保护系统及防坠保护方法,该系统包括,安全绳,用于作业人员安全防护钩挂；绳索式双向速差器,设置于铁塔塔脚处,用于对安全绳的双向速差保护且构成防坠自锁保护点；螺旋式防坠脚钉,间隔设置于塔腿和横担上构成防高坠的悬挂保护支点,用于作业人员手抓脚蹬和所述安全绳的防脱固定；转向防坠脚钉,用于减轻安全绳转向时所受的摩擦力；防坠自锁器,能拆卸地套装于安全绳上,能沿安全绳自由运行且能在急速运动时制动锁紧于安全绳上。本申请采用了无轨式安全保护技术,全塔全方位防坠,改造工程量小,成本低,便于大范围推广应用。(The invention relates to a falling prevention protection system and a falling prevention protection method for tower climbing operation of a power transmission line, wherein the system comprises a safety rope used for safety protection hook hanging of operating personnel; the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator is arranged at the tower foot of the iron tower and used for bidirectional speed differentiation protection of the safety rope and forming an anti-falling self-locking protection point; the spiral anti-falling foot nails are arranged on the tower legs and the cross arm at intervals to form a high-falling-prevention suspension protection fulcrum and are used for preventing the pedal from falling off and fixing the safety rope when an operator grabs the pedal; the steering anti-falling foot nail is used for reducing the friction force borne by the safety rope during steering; the anti-falling self-locking device can be detachably sleeved on the safety rope, can freely run along the safety rope and can be braked and locked on the safety rope during rapid movement. The trackless safety protection technology is adopted, the whole tower is prevented from falling in all directions, the modification engineering quantity is small, the cost is low, and the large-scale popularization and application are facilitated.)

1. An anti-falling protection system for power transmission line tower climbing operation is characterized by comprising,

the safety rope is detachably fixed on the iron tower and used for the safety protection hook of the operating personnel;

the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator is arranged at the position of a tower foot of the iron tower, a safety rope penetrates through the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, and the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator is used for bidirectional speed difference protection of the safety rope and forming an anti-falling self-locking protection point;

the spiral anti-falling foot nails are arranged on tower legs and cross arms of the iron tower at intervals to form suspension protection supporting points for preventing high falling, spiral turning structures are arranged on the spiral anti-falling foot nails, safety ropes can wind into or leave the turning structures, and the spiral anti-falling foot nails can be used for fixing pedals of operators in a hand and preventing falling of the safety ropes;

the anti-falling steering foot nail is arranged on a cross arm of an iron tower or in a horizontal working plane needing horizontal transposition, a steering structure is arranged on the anti-falling steering foot nail, the safety rope penetrates through the steering structure to change the direction, and the steering structure is used for reducing the friction force borne by the safety rope during steering;

the anti-falling self-locking device is detachably sleeved on the safety rope, one end of the anti-falling self-locking device is connected with the safety belt of an operator, and the anti-falling self-locking device can freely run along the safety rope and can be braked and locked on the safety rope during rapid movement.

2. The system for preventing falling during the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the spiral type falling-prevention foot nail comprises a first climbing part, one end of the first climbing part is connected with a first connecting part, and the first connecting part horizontally connects the first climbing part to an iron tower; the other end of the first climbing part is inwards screwed clockwise for a circle to form the turning structure, the safety rope can wind into the turning structure clockwise, and the safety rope can wind out of the turning structure anticlockwise.

3. The anti-falling protection system for the power transmission line tower climbing operation according to claim 2, wherein the first connecting part is connected to a tower leg of an iron tower, and the other end of the first climbing part is screwed inwards and upwards clockwise for one circle to form the turning structure.

4. The system for preventing the falling of the power transmission line during the tower climbing operation according to claim 2, wherein the first connecting part is connected to a cross arm of an iron tower, and the bending structure is vertically arranged.

5. The system for preventing falling during the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the spiral type falling-prevention foot nail comprises a first climbing part, one end of the first climbing part, which is close to the iron tower, is spirally wound by one turn counterclockwise inwards to form the turning structure, one end of the turning structure, which is close to the iron tower, is connected with a first connecting part, the first connecting part horizontally connects the first climbing part to the iron tower, the safety rope can wind into the turning structure clockwise, and the safety rope can wind out of the turning structure counterclockwise.

6. The anti-falling protection system for the power transmission line tower climbing operation according to claim 5, wherein the first connecting part is connected to a tower leg of an iron tower, and one end of the first climbing part is screwed inwards and downwards counterclockwise for one circle to form the turning structure.

7. The anti-falling protection system for the power transmission line tower climbing operation according to claim 5, wherein the first connecting part is connected to a cross arm of an iron tower, and the bending structure is vertically arranged.

8. The system for preventing falling during the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the steering anti-falling foot nail comprises a horizontal second climbing part with one end capable of being connected to an iron tower, the other end of the second climbing part is provided with the steering structure, the steering structure comprises a fixed wheel capable of rotating and a movable wheel capable of rotating and sliding, and a sealed space is formed between the fixed wheel and the movable wheel for the safety rope to pass through in a steering mode.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the steering structure comprises a connecting plate, the connecting plate is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the second climbing part, the fixed wheel is hinged to the lower part of one side of the connecting plate, and the central axis of the fixed wheel is arranged parallel to the central axis of the second climbing part; the other side of the connecting plate is provided with a sliding groove hole along the vertical direction, and the moving wheel is hinged in the sliding groove hole in a manner of moving up and down;

the movable wheel moves upwards, and a gap larger than the diameter of the safety rope is formed between the movable wheel and the fixed wheel for the safety rope to enter and exit; when the movable wheel can fall to the lowest point of the travel under the action of gravity, the central shaft of the movable wheel and the central shaft of the fixed wheel are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the movable wheel and the fixed wheel form a sealed space for the safety rope to turn and pass through.

10. A fall protection method using the power transmission line tower climbing operation fall protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

step a, according to design requirements, installing spiral anti-falling foot nails on tower legs and cross arms of an iron tower, and installing steering anti-falling foot nails on the cross arms of the iron tower;

b, before tower climbing operation, anchoring the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator at the tower foot of the iron tower, connecting a safety rope with a safety belt on the body of an operator after the safety rope penetrates through the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, and checking and confirming safety;

step c, tower climbing operation:

the first operator carries the safety rope and grasps the spiral anti-falling foot nails on the tower legs to climb the tower, and simultaneously winds the safety rope into the turning structure of the spiral anti-falling foot nails in sequence to form a hanging protection fulcrum for preventing the high falling; after the operator who first climbs the tower, hanging a safety belt, and anchoring the safety rope on the iron tower;

firstly, sleeving the anti-falling self-locking device on a safety rope, grabbing and stepping the tower with a spiral anti-falling pin on a tower leg by a hand, reversely winding the safety rope after passing through the spiral anti-falling pin at each position, and winding out the spiral anti-falling pin; after the second operator climbs the roof, a smooth safety rope channel is formed;

the follow-up operating personnel utilizes the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device to carry out tower climbing operation;

step d, cross arm operation:

firstly, a safety rope upwards along a tower leg penetrates through a steering structure of a steering anti-falling foot nail to realize steering, and after the steering, the safety rope is sequentially wound into a spiral anti-falling foot nail on a cross arm in the process of horizontal movement on the cross arm;

when the operation is needed below the cross arm of the iron tower, the horizontally arranged steering anti-falling foot nails or spiral anti-falling foot nails are firstly utilized to be turned to the upper part of an operation point, the steering anti-falling foot nails or spiral anti-falling foot nails are used as vertical protection hanging points above the operation point, and then the operation is carried out after the operation is carried out;

when the transverse operation returns, the safety rope is sequentially wound out of the spiral anti-falling foot nail and the steering anti-falling foot nail on the cross arm, and the operating personnel under the tower is matched with the recovered safety rope to keep the safety rope at a certain tension;

step e, tower descending operation:

except the penultimate and the last tower descending operators, other operators all descend the tower through the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device; when the penultimate tower descending operator descends the tower, the tower descending operation is carried out through the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device, and meanwhile, the safety rope is sequentially wound into the bending structure of the spiral anti-falling foot nail on the tower leg, so that a safety protection fulcrum is provided for the last tower descending operator;

the last operator carries a safety rope to lower the tower, and a spiral anti-falling foot nail on a tower leg provides fulcrum protection for the operator in the tower descending process;

and f, after the last operator gets off the tower, the recovery of the safety rope is finished.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of overhead operation of power transmission lines, in particular to a falling prevention protection system and a falling prevention protection method for tower climbing operation of the power transmission lines.

Background

The traditional transmission line has long mileage and many iron towers in China, the operation safety of the transmission line needs a large amount of maintenance work, and the tower climbing maintenance is one of the most important and dangerous work contents in the line maintenance work.

Before 2000, the tower climbing maintenance operation of all transmission lines is basically carried out without safety protection measures due to the limitation of technical conditions, and high falling and slipping accidents happen frequently, so that great loss is caused to operating personnel, families and society.

After 2000 years, in order to solve the safety protection problem in the tower climbing operation process, an iron tower anti-falling device is installed and used on a newly-built extra-high voltage and extra-high voltage transmission line in China, and the device consists of two parts, namely a guide rail and a self-locking device. The guide rails are arranged along the climbing operation path of the main material of the iron tower and the operating personnel, and the guide rails are used as fixed facilities and are connected with the iron tower in an installing way; the self-locking device is connected with a safety belt of an operator and is a safety protection device carried by the operator who climbs the tower. The self-locking device is detachable and is arranged on the guide rail when in use. When the tower climbing operator normally goes up and down the iron tower for operation, the self-locking device can freely move on the guide rail; when the worker falls, the self-locking device stops on the guide rail, so that the falling accident is prevented.

However, the existing iron tower anti-falling device has the following problems:

1) a guide rail needs to be installed on the power transmission iron tower, so that the engineering reconstruction amount is large;

2) the purchasing and installation cost is high, and the large-scale installation and use on the power transmission line are not facilitated;

3) the requirements on the installation precision and the straightness of the guide rail are high, the installation difficulty is high, and the installation quality is not easy to control;

4) because the guide rail has problems in the aspects of installation precision and straightness, the self-locking device is very easy to clamp in the operation process, and inconvenience is brought to operators;

5) the anti-falling can be only carried out along the fixed track, and the all-dimensional anti-falling of the whole tower cannot be realized;

6) the old line is in a live running state, so that the installation and implementation are inconvenient, and the old line is not beneficial to transformation; due to historical reasons and cost reasons, a large number of early-built transmission lines and low-voltage-level transmission lines are not provided with similar safety protection devices, and the tower climbing operation of the iron tower is safe, particularly the safety of first-climbers is always in a zero-protection state. Therefore, a safe and efficient anti-falling protection system and an anti-falling protection method are needed in the power transmission line and power transmission iron tower maintenance industry without safety protection measures.

Therefore, the inventor provides the anti-falling protection system and the anti-falling protection method for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line by virtue of experience and practice of related industries for many years, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a system and a method for preventing falling during tower climbing operation of a power transmission line, which solve the problems that a large number of existing iron towers have no safety protection measures for tower climbing operation, are difficult to modify, have insufficient falling prevention of the existing safety protection measures and the like.

The invention aims to realize the anti-falling protection system for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line, which comprises a safety rope, a safety hook and a safety hook, wherein the safety rope is detachably fixed on an iron tower and is used for the safety protection hook of an operator;

the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator is arranged at the position of a tower foot of the iron tower, a safety rope penetrates through the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, and the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator is used for bidirectional speed difference protection of the safety rope and forming an anti-falling self-locking protection point;

the spiral anti-falling foot nails are arranged on tower legs and cross arms of the iron tower at intervals to form suspension protection supporting points for preventing high falling, spiral turning structures are arranged on the spiral anti-falling foot nails, safety ropes can wind into or leave the turning structures, and the spiral anti-falling foot nails can be used for fixing pedals of operators in a hand and preventing falling of the safety ropes;

the anti-falling steering foot nail is arranged on a cross arm of an iron tower or in a horizontal working plane needing horizontal transposition, a steering structure is arranged on the anti-falling steering foot nail, the safety rope penetrates through the steering structure to change the direction, and the steering structure is used for reducing the friction force borne by the safety rope during steering;

the anti-falling self-locking device is detachably sleeved on the safety rope, one end of the anti-falling self-locking device is connected with the safety belt of an operator, and the anti-falling self-locking device can freely run along the safety rope and can be braked and locked on the safety rope during rapid movement.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spiral anti-falling foot nail comprises a first climbing part, one end of the first climbing part is connected with a first connecting part, and the first connecting part horizontally connects the first climbing part to an iron tower; the other end of the first climbing part is inwards screwed clockwise for a circle to form the turning structure, the safety rope can wind into the turning structure clockwise, and the safety rope can wind out of the turning structure anticlockwise.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting portion is connected to a leg of an iron tower, and the other end of the first climbing portion spirals inwards and upwards clockwise by one turn to form the turning structure.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting portion is connected to a cross arm of an iron tower, and the turning structure is vertically disposed.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spiral anti-falling foot nail comprises a first climbing part, one end of the first climbing part, which is close to the iron tower, is spirally wound inwards and anticlockwise for one circle to form the turning structure, one end of the turning structure, which is close to the iron tower, is connected with a first connecting part, the first connecting part horizontally connects the first climbing part to the iron tower, the safety rope can wind into the turning structure clockwise, and the safety rope can wind out of the turning structure anticlockwise.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting portion is connected to a leg of an iron tower, and one end of the first climbing portion spirals inwards and downwards counterclockwise by one turn to form the turning structure.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting portion is connected to a cross arm of an iron tower, and the turning structure is vertically disposed.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the steering anti-falling foot nail comprises a horizontal second climbing part with one end capable of being connected to an iron tower, the other end of the second climbing part is provided with the steering structure, the steering structure comprises a fixed wheel capable of rotating and a movable wheel capable of rotating and sliding, and a sealed space is formed between the fixed wheel and the movable wheel for the safety rope to steer and pass through.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steering structure includes a connecting plate, the connecting plate is disposed perpendicular to an axial direction of the second climbing portion, the fixed wheel is hinged to a lower portion of one side of the connecting plate, and a central axis of the fixed wheel is disposed parallel to a central axis of the second climbing portion; the other side of the connecting plate is provided with a sliding groove hole along the vertical direction, and the moving wheel is hinged in the sliding groove hole in a manner of moving up and down;

the movable wheel moves upwards, and a gap larger than the diameter of the safety rope is formed between the movable wheel and the fixed wheel for the safety rope to enter and exit; when the movable wheel can fall to the lowest point of the travel under the action of gravity, the central shaft of the movable wheel and the central shaft of the fixed wheel are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the movable wheel and the fixed wheel form a sealed space for the safety rope to turn and pass through.

The object of the invention can be also achieved in such a way that the anti-falling protection method of the anti-falling protection system for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line comprises the following steps:

step a, according to design requirements, installing spiral anti-falling foot nails on tower legs and cross arms of an iron tower, and installing steering anti-falling foot nails on the cross arms of the iron tower;

b, before tower climbing operation, anchoring the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator at the tower foot of the iron tower, connecting a safety rope with a safety belt on the body of an operator after the safety rope penetrates through the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, and checking and confirming safety;

step c, tower climbing operation:

the first operator carries the safety rope and grasps the spiral anti-falling foot nails on the tower legs to climb the tower, and simultaneously winds the safety rope into the turning structure of the spiral anti-falling foot nails in sequence to form a hanging protection fulcrum for preventing the high falling; after the operator who first climbs the tower, hanging a safety belt, and anchoring the safety rope on the iron tower;

firstly, sleeving the anti-falling self-locking device on a safety rope, grabbing and stepping the tower with a spiral anti-falling pin on a tower leg by a hand, reversely winding the safety rope after passing through the spiral anti-falling pin at each position, and winding out the spiral anti-falling pin; after the second operator climbs the roof, a smooth safety rope channel is formed;

the follow-up operating personnel utilizes the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device to carry out tower climbing operation;

step d, cross arm operation:

firstly, a safety rope upwards along a tower leg penetrates through a steering structure of a steering anti-falling foot nail to realize steering, and after the steering, the safety rope is sequentially wound into a spiral anti-falling foot nail on a cross arm in the process of horizontal movement on the cross arm;

when the operation is needed below the cross arm of the iron tower, the horizontally arranged steering anti-falling foot nails or spiral anti-falling foot nails are firstly utilized to be turned to the upper part of an operation point, the steering anti-falling foot nails or spiral anti-falling foot nails are used as vertical protection hanging points above the operation point, and then the operation is carried out after the operation is carried out;

when the transverse operation returns, the safety rope is sequentially wound out of the spiral anti-falling foot nail and the steering anti-falling foot nail on the cross arm, and the operating personnel under the tower is matched with the recovered safety rope to keep the safety rope at a certain tension;

step e, tower descending operation:

except the penultimate and the last tower descending operators, other operators all descend the tower through the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device; when the penultimate tower descending operator descends the tower, the tower descending operation is carried out through the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device, and meanwhile, the safety rope is sequentially wound into the bending structure of the spiral anti-falling foot nail on the tower leg, so that a safety protection fulcrum is provided for the last tower descending operator;

the last operator carries a safety rope to lower the tower, and a spiral anti-falling foot nail on a tower leg provides fulcrum protection for the operator in the tower descending process;

and f, after the last operator gets off the tower, the recovery of the safety rope is finished.

From the above, the anti-falling protection system and the anti-falling protection method for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides an all-around and whole-process tower climbing operation anti-falling protection measure aiming at a large number of old transmission towers; the invention relates to an anti-falling protection system and an anti-falling protection method for power transmission line tower climbing operation, wherein a trackless safety protection technology is adopted, technical measures do not depend on a fixed guide rail, the anti-falling protection system and the anti-falling protection method utilize the locking principle of a rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, are matched with components such as a spiral anti-falling pin, a steering anti-falling pin, a safety rope, an anti-falling self-locker and the like, and utilize the spiral anti-falling pin as a suspension fulcrum, so that the anti-falling protection for the first tower climbing operator can be completed, the subsequent tower climbing operator can utilize the anti-falling self-locker to perform tower climbing operation through the safety rope, the anti-falling self-locker sleeved on the safety rope provides anti-falling protection for the subsequent tower climbing operator, the upward and downward movement of the operator is smoother, and the;

according to the anti-falling protection system for the power transmission line tower climbing operation, the tower legs and the cross arms are provided with the spiral anti-falling foot nails used as suspension protection supporting points, so that all-dimensional anti-falling of the whole tower can be realized;

when the invention is used for the existing transmission tower, the amount of modification work is small, and the invention can be put into use only by simple modification;

the anti-falling protection system for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line has high universality of key equipment (such as a rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, a safety rope and the like), one set of equipment can be suitable for all iron towers, the use cost is reduced, the fixed investment cost is low, and the large-scale popularization and application are facilitated.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Wherein:

FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of an anti-falling protection system for power transmission line tower climbing operation, which is used for a single-loop tangent tower.

FIG. 2: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of an anti-falling protection system for power transmission line tower climbing operation, which is used for a single-loop strain tower.

FIG. 3: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of an anti-falling protection system for power transmission line tower climbing operation, which is used for a double-loop tangent tower.

FIG. 4: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of an anti-falling protection system for power transmission line tower climbing operation, which is used for a double-loop strain tower.

FIG. 5: is a schematic diagram of the turning structure in the spiral anti-falling foot nail of the invention when the turning structure is close to one side of the iron tower.

FIG. 6: is a schematic diagram of the turning structure in the spiral anti-falling foot nail of the invention when the turning structure is far away from one side of the iron tower.

FIG. 7: is a view along a in fig. 6.

FIG. 8: the invention relates to a side view of a spiral anti-falling foot nail arranged on a cross arm.

FIG. 9: is a top view of the steering anti-falling foot nail of the invention.

FIG. 10: is a side view of the steering anti-falling foot nail of the invention when the moving wheel is at the lowest point.

FIG. 11: is a side view of the moving wheel of the steering anti-falling foot nail of the invention when moving upwards.

FIG. 12: is a schematic diagram of the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator of the invention.

In the figure:

100. the anti-falling protection system for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line;

1. a rope type bidirectional speed difference device;

11. a first opening; 12. a second opening; 13. a differential wheel;

2. a spiral anti-falling foot nail;

21. a turning structure; 22. a first climbing section; 23. a first connection portion;

3. turning anti-falling foot nails;

31. a second climbing section; 32. a fixed wheel; 33. a moving wheel; 34. a connecting plate; 341. a sliding slot hole;

9. an iron tower;

91. tower legs; 92. and (4) a cross arm.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations based on the present invention may be conceived by the skilled person in the light of the teachings of the present invention, and these should be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, communications between two elements, direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, and the like. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides an anti-falling protection system 100 for power transmission line tower climbing operation, comprising,

the safety rope is detachably fixed on the iron tower 9 and used for the safety protection hook of the operating personnel;

a rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1 (shown in figure 12) arranged at the tower foot of the iron tower 9, a safety rope penetrates through the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator (the prior art), and the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1 is used for bidirectional speed differentiation protection of the safety rope and forms an anti-falling self-locking protection point; the rope type bidirectional speed difference device 1 can be matched with any safety rope meeting the diameter requirement for use, and the operation radius is not limited (the length is the same as that of the rope);

when the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1 is used, a safety rope enters from the first opening 11 at one end of the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1, passes through the second opening 12 at the other end after bypassing the speed differential wheel 13 in the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1, and the speed differential protection of the safety rope can be completed. When the safety rope moves in the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1 at a relatively stable speed, the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1 is not locked, and the safety rope can move smoothly; when the safety rope moves rapidly in the speed differentiator, the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1 is locked immediately, and the safety rope cannot move in the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1. The rope type bidirectional speed difference device 1 has a bidirectional self-locking function, the rope threading direction does not need to be considered when the safety rope is threaded, and the locking protection can be generated when the safety rope is overspeed in any direction after the safety rope is threaded.

The spiral anti-falling foot nails 2 are arranged on tower legs 91 and cross arms 92 of the iron tower 9 at intervals to form high-falling-proof suspension protection supporting points, the spiral anti-falling foot nails 2 are provided with spiral turning structures 21, safety ropes can wind into or leave the turning structures 21, and the spiral anti-falling foot nails 2 can be used for fixing anti-falling of the pedals and the safety ropes when an operator grabs the pedals; the spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 takes the convenience of winding the safety rope into consideration and the reliability of preventing falling off.

The steering anti-falling foot nail 3 is arranged on a cross arm of the iron tower 9 or in a horizontal working plane needing horizontal transposition, a steering structure is arranged on the steering anti-falling foot nail 3, a safety rope penetrates through the steering structure to change the direction, and the steering structure is used for reducing the friction force borne by the safety rope during steering;

the anti-falling self-locking device can be detachably sleeved on the safety rope (can be installed or detached at any position of the safety rope), one end of the anti-falling self-locking device is connected with a safety belt of an operator (each operator on the tower needs to wear the anti-falling self-locking device in the prior art), and the anti-falling self-locking device can freely run along the safety rope and can be braked and locked on the safety rope during rapid movement. During normal movement, the anti-falling self-locking device can freely run on the safety rope; when the anti-falling self-locking device moves rapidly, friction force is generated between the anti-falling self-locking device and the safety rope for braking.

The invention provides an all-around and whole-process tower climbing operation anti-falling protection measure aiming at a large number of old transmission towers; the anti-falling protection system for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line adopts a trackless safety protection technology, technical measures do not depend on a fixed guide rail, the anti-falling protection system utilizes the locking principle of a rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, is matched with components such as a spiral anti-falling pin, a steering anti-falling pin, a safety rope, an anti-falling self-locker and the like, and utilizes the spiral anti-falling pin as a suspension fulcrum, so that the anti-falling protection of the first climbing operator can be finished, the subsequent climbing operator can utilize the anti-falling self-locker to perform tower climbing operation through the safety rope, the anti-falling self-locker sleeved on the safety rope provides anti-falling protection for the subsequent climbing operator, the upward and downward movement of the operator is smoother, and the movement clamping stagnation phenomenon caused by insufficient installation precision of the guide rail is avoided;

according to the anti-falling protection system for the power transmission line tower climbing operation, the tower legs and the cross arms are provided with the spiral anti-falling foot nails used as suspension protection supporting points, so that all-dimensional anti-falling of the whole tower can be realized;

when the invention is used for the existing transmission tower, the amount of modification work is small, and the invention can be put into use only by simple modification;

the anti-falling protection system for the power transmission line tower climbing operation has the advantages that key equipment is high in universality (such as a rope type bidirectional speed difference device, a safety rope and the like), one set of equipment is suitable for all iron towers, such as a single-loop tangent tower (shown in figure 1), a single-loop strain tower (shown in figure 2), a double-loop tangent tower (shown in figure 3) and a double-loop strain tower (shown in figure 4), the use cost is reduced, the fixed investment cost is low, and the large-scale popularization and application are facilitated.

Further, the spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 can meet the requirement that when an operator grabs the pedal to go up and down the tower, the anti-falling fixation of the safety rope can be carried out, the safety rope is convenient to wind in and out, and the turning structure can be arranged on one side far away from the iron tower and can also be arranged on one side close to the iron tower.

As shown in fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present invention, the turning structure 21 is disposed on a side of the first climbing portion 22 away from the tower 9: the spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 comprises a first climbing part 22, and the first climbing part 22 is provided with anti-slip measures such as knurls, rubber pads and the like; one end of the first climbing part 22 is connected with a first connecting part 23, the first connecting part 23 horizontally connects the first climbing part 22 to the iron tower, the first connecting part 23 can be in the form of screw thread and nut, can also be in the form of clamp, and other structures and forms which can be connected and installed with the iron tower; the other end of the first climbing part 22 is spirally inward clockwise for one turn to form a turning structure 21, the safety rope can wind into the turning structure 21 clockwise, and the safety rope can wind out of the turning structure 21 counterclockwise.

When the first connecting portion 23 is connected to the tower leg 91 of the iron tower, the other end of the first climbing portion 22 spirals inwards and upwards clockwise for a circle to form the turning structure 21, and preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the turning structure 21 is preferably kept at an angle of about 30 degrees with the horizontal plane. When the first connecting portion 23 is connected to the cross arm 92 of the iron tower, as shown in fig. 8, the turning structure 21 is vertically arranged, that is, the spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 keeps an included angle of 90 degrees with the horizontal plane.

In another embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 5, the turn structure 21 is arranged on the side of the first climbing part 22 close to the pylon 9: the spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 comprises a first climbing part 22, and the first climbing part 22 is provided with anti-slip measures such as knurls, rubber pads and the like; one end of the first climbing part 22 close to the iron tower 9 is screwed inwards and anticlockwise for a circle to form a turning structure 21, one end of the turning structure 21 close to the iron tower is connected with a first connecting part 23, the first connecting part 23 horizontally connects the first climbing part 22 to the iron tower 9, and the first connecting part 23 can be in a thread and nut form, a clamp form or other structures and forms which can be connected and installed with the iron tower; the safety line can wind clockwise into the turning structure 21 and the safety line can wind counter-clockwise out of the turning structure 21.

When the first connecting portion 23 is connected to the tower leg 91 of the iron tower, one end of the first climbing portion 22 is turned inwards and downwards counterclockwise to form the turning structure 21. Preferably, the angle between the deflecting structure 21 and the horizontal plane is about 30 °. When the first connecting part 23 is connected to the cross arm 92 of the iron tower, the turning structure 21 is vertically arranged, that is, the spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 keeps an included angle of 90 degrees with the horizontal plane.

Further, turn to prevent weighing down the foot nail 3 and include that one end can connect the second portion of climbing 31 of the level on the iron tower, the other end of second portion of climbing 31 sets up turns to the structure, turns to the structure and includes can pivoted fixed pulley 32 and can rotate and slidable removal wheel 33, can constitute confined space between fixed pulley 32 and the removal wheel 33 and be used for the safety rope to turn to pass through, removes the wheel 33 and can remove the clearance that produces the safety rope and wind in and out. The steering structure is formed by a rotatable wheel-shaped structure, rolling friction is generated between the safety rope and the steering structure, the friction force between the safety rope and the foot nails can be effectively reduced, and the labor intensity of operators is reduced.

When the safety rope turns to the cross arm by the tower leg, the resistance that receives to turn to is great, causes the motion of safety rope very easily to block, can use this moment following turning to prevent weighing down the foot nail structure: at this time, as shown in fig. 9, the steering structure includes a connecting plate 34, the connecting plate 34 is disposed perpendicular to the axial direction of the second climbing portion 31, the fixed wheel 32 is hinged to a lower portion of one side of the connecting plate 34, and a central axis of the fixed wheel 32 is disposed in parallel with a central axis of the second climbing portion 31; the other side of the connecting plate 34 is provided with a sliding slot hole 341 along the vertical direction, and the moving wheel 33 can be hinged in the sliding slot hole 341 in a way of moving up and down;

as shown in fig. 11, the moving wheel 33 moves upward, and a gap larger than the diameter of the safety rope is formed between the moving wheel 33 and the fixed wheel 32 for the safety rope to enter and exit; as shown in fig. 10, when the movable wheel 33 can fall to the lowest point of the travel by gravity (this state is its free state), the central axis of the movable wheel 33 and the central axis of the fixed wheel 32 are located on the same horizontal plane, and a sealed space is formed between the movable wheel 33 and the fixed wheel 32 for the safety rope to pass through in a diversion manner, and the safety rope cannot enter or fall again after the movable wheel 33 falls.

When the safety rope turns to on the cross arm level, turn to and prevent weighing down the structure that turns to on the foot nail 3, still adopt the wheel structure to turn to, its wheel structure's center pin is vertical setting, is rolling friction between the side of wheel structure and the safety rope, and the at utmost reduces frictional force, makes things convenient for the operation of safety rope.

The invention provides an anti-falling protection method of an anti-falling protection system for power transmission line tower climbing operation, which comprises the following steps:

step a, according to design requirements, mounting spiral anti-falling foot nails 2 on tower legs 91 and cross arms 92 of an iron tower 9, and mounting steering anti-falling foot nails 3 on the cross arms 92 of the iron tower;

specifically, when a foot nail is modified for a tower leg of an existing iron tower, the foot nail (existing common foot nail) on the tower leg is removed to be replaced by a spiral anti-falling foot nail, and the arrangement of the spiral anti-falling foot nail can be in various forms, specifically shown in fig. 1 to 4; the replacement principle is based on foot nails on the same vertical line, and the distance is about 1-2 m; when the turning structure 21 is arranged on the side of the first climbing part 22 far away from the iron tower 9, as shown in fig. 6, the first connecting part 23 is connected to the tower leg 91 of the iron tower, and the other end of the first climbing part 22 spirals inwards and upwards clockwise for a circle to form the turning structure 21, preferably, the turning structure 21 is kept at an included angle of about 30 degrees with the horizontal plane; when the turning structure 21 is arranged at one side of the first climbing part 22 close to the iron tower 9, one end of the first climbing part 22 spirals inwards and downwards counterclockwise for a circle to form the turning structure 21, and preferably, the turning structure 21 is kept at an angle of about 30 degrees with the horizontal plane.

When the cross arm to current iron tower carries out the foot nail repacking, demolish partial foot nail (current ordinary foot nail) of cross arm (replacement height should be selected and is close to chest position) to change it for spiral anti-falling foot nail 2, turn-round structure 21 is vertical setting during the installation, and spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 keeps 90 contained angles with the horizontal plane promptly. After the installation is finished, an operator can reach the position of any operation surface of the cross arm through the spiral anti-falling foot nails 2 horizontally arranged at the cross arm. The other part of the foot nails on the cross arm are replaced by the turning anti-falling foot nails 3, and after the installation is finished, the operating personnel can smoothly reach the position of any plane operating point of the tower body to which the turning anti-falling foot nails 3 belong through the turning anti-falling foot nails 3; when the falling operation is needed, the falling operation can be carried out by taking the turning falling prevention foot nails 3 or the spiral falling prevention foot nails 2 at any position as the upper protection supporting points, so that the operation personnel can reach any position of the tower body with protection to carry out the operation.

B, before tower climbing operation, anchoring the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1 at a tower foot of the iron tower 9, connecting a safety rope with a safety belt on an operator after the safety rope penetrates through the rope type bidirectional speed differentiator 1, and checking and confirming safety;

the rope type bidirectional speed difference device 1 is anchored at the tower foot of the iron tower 9, and the anti-falling self-locking protection point is moved up from the tower to the position below the tower, so that the timeliness of safety protection is facilitated;

after the components are connected before climbing the tower, carrying out impact inspection, and checking the connection correctness and the reliability of the components.

Step c, tower climbing operation: it should be noted that the operators who go up the tower in different orders have different operations of going up the tower: the operators on the tower are divided into first-step operators, second-step operators and subsequent operators;

for the first person to climb, the rope type bidirectional speed difference device 1 and the safety rope are basic anti-falling protection, and meanwhile, in the process of climbing the tower, a suspension protection fulcrum is established, and the operation is as follows: the first operator carries the safety rope and grasps the spiral anti-falling foot nails 2 on the tower legs to climb the tower, and simultaneously winds the safety rope into the turning structure 21 of the spiral anti-falling foot nails 2 in sequence to form a high-falling-prevention suspension protection fulcrum; after the operator who first climbs the tower, hanging a safety belt, and anchoring the safety rope on the iron tower (anchoring the safety rope on a main material with a proper height required by tower operation);

the second business personnel utilize through the safety rope to prevent weighing down from the auto-lock ware (the rope is used) and climb the tower operation, prevent weighing down from the auto-lock ware (the rope is used) and provide for the second business personnel and prevent weighing down the protection: firstly, sleeving the anti-falling self-locking device on a safety rope, grabbing and stepping the tower with a spiral anti-falling pin on a tower leg by a hand, reversely winding the safety rope after passing through the spiral anti-falling pin at each position, and winding out the spiral anti-falling pin; after the second operator climbs the roof, a smooth safety rope channel is formed;

the follow-up operating personnel uses the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device (for rope) to carry out tower climbing operation, and the anti-falling self-locking device (for rope) provides anti-falling protection for the anti-falling self-locking device;

step d, cross arm operation:

the horizontal operation is carried out on a cross arm of the iron tower, the safety rope passes through a steering structure of the steering anti-falling foot nail to realize steering, and after the steering, the safety rope is sequentially wound into the spiral anti-falling foot nail on the cross arm in the horizontal moving process on the cross arm; when the operation is needed to be transferred to the opposite side of the foot nail leg, the 'no-resistance' steering can be realized by the steering anti-falling foot nail, and the position of any operation point of the tower head can be reached;

when the operation is needed below the cross arm of the iron tower (namely, the operation is needed to descend), the horizontally arranged steering anti-falling foot nails or spiral anti-falling foot nails are firstly utilized to be transposed to the upper part of an operation point, the steering anti-falling foot nails or spiral anti-falling foot nails are used as vertical protection hanging points of the upper part, and then the operation is carried out when the operation is needed to descend to the operation point; by the method, the operator can reach any operation surface of the tower body without losing protection;

when the transverse operation returns, the safety rope is sequentially wound out of the spiral anti-falling foot nail and the steering anti-falling foot nail on the cross arm, and the operating personnel under the tower is matched with the recovered safety rope to keep the safety rope at a certain tension; the impact injury to the operating personnel caused by an overlarge drop height difference is avoided when the high drop occurs;

step e, tower descending operation: it should be noted that the operators for going down the towers in different orders have different operations for going down the towers: the operators on the lower tower are divided into other operators, the penultimate operator and the last operator;

except the penultimate and the last tower descending operators, other operators all descend the tower through the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device; the anti-falling self-locking device (for the rope) provides anti-falling protection for the lower tower;

when the penultimate tower descending operator descends the tower, the tower descending operation is also carried out through the safety rope channel and the anti-falling self-locking device, and the anti-falling self-locking device (for the rope) provides anti-falling protection for the tower descending operation; meanwhile, the safety rope is sequentially wound into the bending structure of the spiral anti-falling foot nail on the tower leg, so that a safety protection fulcrum is provided for the last tower worker;

the last operator carries a safety rope to lower the tower, and a spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 on a tower leg provides fulcrum protection for the operator in the process of lowering the tower;

and f, after the last operator gets off the tower, the recovery of the safety rope is finished.

Specifically, there are generally two methods for recovering safety lines:

the method comprises the following steps: the last operator winds the safety rope out of the spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 from top to bottom in sequence, and the ground operator is matched to tighten the safety rope to complete the recovery of the safety rope when going to the ground.

The second method comprises the following steps: and the last operator takes the spiral anti-falling foot nail 2 on the tower leg as a protection fulcrum, reversely brings the safety rope to the ground, unfastens the safety rope and recovers along the bent structure of the spiral anti-falling foot nail.

In the anti-falling protection method, the anti-falling protection of the operators has the difference:

a. the anti-falling protection of the first operator and the last operator who gets off the tower: the operating personnel who first step on the operating personnel and last tower down must cooperate closely with spiral anti-falling foot nail at last, lower iron tower in-process, in case the personnel take place to fall, spiral anti-falling foot nail can provide the fulcrum for the personnel that fall, the fulcrum can change the direction of motion of safety rope, make the operating personnel pass through the safety rope transmission at the in-process that falls and give rope formula two-way speed differentiator, rope formula two-way speed differentiator takes place the locking after feeling safety rope velocity of motion change, thereby reach the mesh of preventing the occurence of failure of falling, the fulcrum provides the holding power for the process of falling this moment.

b. The anti-falling protection of other tower climbing personnel: other people go up and down the iron tower and provide anti-falling protection through a rope and an anti-falling self-locking device (for the rope).

From the above, the anti-falling protection system and the anti-falling protection method for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides an all-around and whole-process tower climbing operation anti-falling protection measure aiming at a large number of old transmission towers; the invention relates to an anti-falling protection system and an anti-falling protection method for power transmission line tower climbing operation, wherein a trackless safety protection technology is adopted, technical measures do not depend on a fixed guide rail, the anti-falling protection system and the anti-falling protection method utilize the locking principle of a rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, are matched with components such as a spiral anti-falling pin, a steering anti-falling pin, a safety rope, an anti-falling self-locker and the like, and utilize the spiral anti-falling pin as a suspension fulcrum, so that the anti-falling protection for the first tower climbing operator can be completed, the subsequent tower climbing operator can utilize the anti-falling self-locker to perform tower climbing operation through the safety rope, the anti-falling self-locker sleeved on the safety rope provides anti-falling protection for the subsequent tower climbing operator, the upward and downward movement of the operator is smoother, and the;

according to the anti-falling protection system for the power transmission line tower climbing operation, the tower legs and the cross arms are provided with the spiral anti-falling foot nails used as suspension protection supporting points, so that all-dimensional anti-falling of the whole tower can be realized;

when the invention is used for the existing transmission tower, the amount of modification work is small, and the invention can be put into use only by simple modification;

the anti-falling protection system for the tower climbing operation of the power transmission line has high universality of key equipment (such as a rope type bidirectional speed differentiator, a safety rope and the like), one set of equipment can be suitable for all iron towers, the use cost is reduced, the fixed investment cost is low, and the large-scale popularization and application are facilitated.

The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.