阅读说明：本技术 一种高锰钢基耐磨板锤的制备方法 (Preparation method of high-manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer ) 是由 钟黎声 庄卫军 武宏 白海强 崔鹏杰 许云华 于 2021-07-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高锰钢基耐磨板锤的制备方法,包括制备高锰钢板锤本体,采用硬质纤维编织成纤维网,取一层纤维网置于模具底部,在纤维网上喷射高锰钢液,待高锰钢液完全覆盖住纤维网,布入第二层纤维网,向第二层纤维网上喷射高锰钢液,重复以上步骤,直到填满板锤打击部模具,然后冷却、脱模,获得复合预制体A和复合预制体B,对复合预制体A和复合预制体B进行热处理,获得板锤打击部；将两个板锤打击部分别焊接在板锤本体的两侧,即获得高锰钢基耐磨板锤。本发明利用高温扩散使得钢基体与低碳钢过渡层实现冶金结合,利用原位反应提高了硬质颗粒/金属基体微观界面的结合强度,使制备的板锤具有优异的强韧性和良好的耐磨性。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer, which comprises the steps of preparing a high manganese steel plate hammer body, weaving hard fibers into a fiber mesh, placing a layer of fiber mesh at the bottom of a mold, spraying high manganese molten steel on the fiber mesh, distributing a second layer of fiber mesh when the high manganese molten steel completely covers the fiber mesh, spraying the high manganese molten steel on the second layer of fiber mesh, repeating the steps until the mold of a plate hammer striking part is filled, cooling and demolding to obtain a composite preform A and a composite preform B, and carrying out heat treatment on the composite preform A and the composite preform B to obtain a plate hammer striking part; and respectively welding the striking parts of the two plate hammers on two sides of the plate hammer body to obtain the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer. According to the invention, the metallurgical bonding of the steel matrix and the low-carbon steel transition layer is realized by utilizing high-temperature diffusion, and the bonding strength of the hard particle/metal matrix microscopic interface is improved by utilizing the in-situ reaction, so that the prepared plate hammer has excellent toughness and good wear resistance.)

1. The preparation method of the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, preparing a high manganese steel plate hammer body;

step 2, weaving hard fibers into a fiber net, placing a layer of fiber net at the bottom of a plate hammer striking part mold, spraying high manganese molten steel on the fiber net, completely covering the fiber net with the high manganese molten steel, after solidification, laying a second layer of fiber net in the plate hammer striking part mold, spraying the high manganese molten steel on the second layer of fiber net, repeating the steps until the plate hammer striking part mold is filled, and then cooling and demolding to obtain a composite preform A formed by the fiber net and a high manganese steel substrate;

step 3, repeating the step 2 to prepare a composite prefabricated body B formed by the fiber net and the high manganese steel matrix;

step 4, heating the composite preform A and the composite preform B to 1050-1100 ℃, and then quenching to obtain two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base wear-resistant plate hammer striking parts;

and 5, respectively welding the striking parts of the two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base abrasion-resistant plate hammers on the two sides of the plate hammer body to obtain the high manganese steel base abrasion-resistant plate hammers.

2. The method for preparing a high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer according to claim 1, wherein the hard fiber is prepared by the following steps:

step 2.1, weighing the following component materials in percentage by mass: 30-40% of high-purity metal powder, 1.0-12% of graphite powder and the balance of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the high-purity metal powder is Ti, Ta, Nb, W, V or Cr powder;

step 2.2, uniformly mixing the component materials weighed in the step 2.1, and then drying;

and 2.3, rolling the low-carbon steel strip into a U-shaped steel strip by using a forming machine, namely, putting the powder dried in the step 2.2 on the low-carbon steel strip, rolling the U-shaped steel strip into an O shape, wrapping the powder, rolling the O-shaped low-carbon steel strip filled with the metal powder into a fine shape by using a reducing roller, and finally, drawing by using a wire drawing machine to obtain the hard fiber.

3. The method for preparing the high manganese steel-based abrasion-resistant plate hammer according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2.3, a forming machine is used for rolling a low carbon steel strip with the width of 4.5mm-5.5mm and the thickness of 0.07mm-0.09mm into a U-shaped steel strip.

4. The method for preparing a high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2.3, the O-shaped low carbon steel strip filled with metal powder inside is rolled down to a diameter of 0.8mm to 1.2mm by a reducing roller, so that the powder is uniformly and densely distributed in the low carbon steel strip, and finally the low carbon steel strip is drawn to a diameter of 200 μm to 500 μm by a wire drawing machine.

5. The method for preparing the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer according to claim 1, wherein the high manganese steel plate hammer body is prepared by a sand casting method.

6. The method for preparing the high manganese steel-based abrasion-resistant plate hammer according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2, the composition of the high manganese steel liquid sprayed on the fiber net is the same as that of the high manganese steel plate hammer body.

7. The method for preparing the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the high manganese steel liquid is sprayed on the fiber net, the spraying temperature is 1500-1600 ℃, and the spraying time is 40-50 s.

8. The method for preparing the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant board hammer according to claim 1, wherein the hard fibers are woven into a sheet-shaped fiber net according to the size of the striking parts at the two ends of the board hammer, and the distance between the adjacent hard fibers in the fiber net is 200-800 μm.

9. The preparation method of the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the composite preform A and the composite preform B are heated to 1050-1100 ℃ by using an atmosphere protection heat treatment furnace, and are subjected to heat preservation for 5-8 h, and then quenching treatment is performed.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of steel plate hammer preparation methods, and relates to a preparation method of a high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer.

Background

The impact crusher has the excellent characteristics of large crushing ratio, simple structure, simple and convenient maintenance, economy, practicability and the like, and is widely applied to industries such as mines, smelting, building materials, highways, railways, water conservancy, chemical engineering and the like. The impact crusher utilizes the impact crushing principle, the crushing structure is a rotor with a plate hammer, when the impact crusher works, the rotor rotates to drive the plate hammer to impact materials at a high speed, the repeated impact causes the large materials to be crushed, the size is reduced, and the materials can be discharged from the equipment from top to bottom along the interval between the plate hammer and the impact plate after reaching the required granularity. Therefore, the mechanical property of the plate hammer determines the working efficiency of the impact crusher, and the main failure mode of the plate hammer is impact damage and abrasion, so that the prepared plate hammer with high impact toughness and high wear resistance not only greatly improves the working efficiency and the service life of the impact crusher, but also reduces the labor cost.

At present, the plate hammer is generally made of high manganeseSteel, high-chromium cast iron and other materials. Among them, the cast high manganese steel is used in many applications of the crusher plate hammer. The microstructure of the as-cast high manganese steel is a single-phase austenite structure after being subjected to water toughening treatment, so that good impact toughness and strong work hardening are obtained, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the plate hammer are greatly improved. However, when the physical impact force of the high manganese steel plate hammer is insufficient or the contact stress is small during actual work of crushing, the surface cannot be rapidly hardened, so that the high manganese steel plate hammer cannot well resist the plowing type abrasion caused by penetration of materials and grooving, and the abrasion of the plate hammer is serious. High-chromium cast iron has high hardenability, hardenability and wear resistance, and also has good oxidation resistance and thermal fatigue resistance. The high-chromium cast iron contains more M₇C₃The carbide can improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the plate hammer. However, since carbide in the structure is a brittle phase, the material is likely to fracture when used as a hammer material, and is only applicable to conditions with a small impact force. In order to overcome the problems, the existing scheme often needs to adopt the processes of cast-in, composite casting and the like to prepare the plate hammer.

Aiming at the problems, the Xiachie invents a counterattack type crusher plate hammer and a manufacturing method thereof (application number: 201510600674.X), the plate hammer is made of alloy steel, ceramic rods with nickel plated surfaces are arranged in a wear working position of the plate hammer for hitting materials at intervals, when the plate hammer is manufactured, firstly, a plate hammer casting embedded with the ceramic rods is manufactured by adopting a lost foam casting process, then, the plate hammer casting is quenched and tempered, and the obtained plate hammer has high comprehensive wear resistance and the service life of the plate hammer is 2-3 times that of a high-chromium cast iron (Cr26MoNiCu) plate hammer. However, the composite board hammer with the ceramic rod embedded therein has high cost, and the ceramic rod is easy to break and fall off. The Wanjuan and Zhengkahong invented a preparation method of composite material board hammer (application number: 201510081524.2), which adopts quartz sand and adds water glass as binder, and makes the board hammer cast by hardening with carbon dioxide; the method comprises the steps of adopting a mould assembling vertical casting, solidifying and cooling a casting, and then treating to obtain the composite material plate hammer with two working areas of ceramic particle reinforced high-chromium cast iron and a mounting area of low-carbon low-alloy steel. In the preparation method, the interface bonding strength of the high-chromium cast iron liquid and the low-carbon low-alloy molten steel is low, and the use safety of the plate hammer is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer, which solves the problem that the bonding strength of an interface between a reinforcement and a metal matrix in the plate hammer prepared by the existing method is low.

The invention adopts the technical scheme that the preparation method of the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing a high manganese steel plate hammer body;

step 2, weaving hard fibers into a fiber net, placing a layer of fiber net at the bottom of a plate hammer striking part mold, spraying high manganese molten steel on the fiber net, completely covering the fiber net with the high manganese molten steel, after solidification, laying a second layer of fiber net in the plate hammer striking part mold, spraying the high manganese molten steel on the second layer of fiber net, repeating the steps until the plate hammer striking part mold is filled, and then cooling and demolding to obtain a composite preform A formed by the fiber net and a high manganese steel substrate;

step 3, repeating the step 2 to prepare a composite prefabricated body B formed by the fiber net and the high manganese steel matrix;

step 4, heating the composite preform A and the composite preform B to 1050-1100 ℃, and then quenching to obtain two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base wear-resistant plate hammer striking parts;

and 5, respectively welding the striking parts of the two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base abrasion-resistant plate hammers on the two sides of the plate hammer body to obtain the high manganese steel base abrasion-resistant plate hammers.

Wherein, the preparation of the hard fiber comprises the following steps:

step 2.1, weighing the following component materials in percentage by mass: 30-40% of high-purity metal powder, 1.0-12% of graphite powder and the balance of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the high-purity metal powder is Ti, Ta, Nb, W, V or Cr powder;

step 2.2, uniformly mixing the component materials weighed in the step 2.1, and then drying;

and 2.3, rolling the low-carbon steel strip into a U-shaped steel strip by using a forming machine, namely, putting the powder dried in the step 2.2 on the low-carbon steel strip, rolling the U-shaped steel strip into an O shape, wrapping the powder, rolling the O-shaped low-carbon steel strip filled with the metal powder into a fine shape by using a reducing roller, and finally, drawing by using a wire drawing machine to obtain the hard fiber.

And 2.3, rolling the low-carbon steel strip with the width of 4.5mm-5.5mm and the thickness of 0.07mm-0.09mm into a U-shaped steel strip by using a forming machine.

In the step 2.3, the O-shaped low-carbon steel strip filled with the metal powder inside is rolled to be thin to the diameter of 0.8mm-1.2mm by using a reducing roller, so that the powder is uniformly and compactly distributed in the low-carbon steel strip, and finally the low-carbon steel strip is drawn to the diameter of 200 mu m-500 mu m by using a wire drawing machine.

The high manganese steel plate hammer body is prepared by a sand casting method.

In the step 2, the components of the high manganese steel liquid sprayed on the fiber net are the same as the components of the high manganese steel plate hammer body.

And 2, spraying high-manganese molten steel on the fiber web, wherein the spraying temperature is 1500-1600 ℃, and the spraying time is 40-50 s.

Hard fibers are woven into a sheet-shaped fiber net according to the size of the hitting parts at the two ends of the board hammer, and the space between the adjacent hard fibers in the fiber net is 200-800 mu m.

And 4, heating the composite preform A and the composite preform B to 1050-1100 ℃ by using an atmosphere protection heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 5-8 h, and then quenching.

The method has the beneficial effects that the raw material powder in the low-carbon steel strip can be further melted by heating the composite preform A and the composite preform B at 1050-1100 ℃, hard phase particles are generated in situ by diffusion of transition metal elements such as Ti, Ta, Nb, W, V or Cr and C, and meanwhile, the steel matrix and the low-carbon steel transition layer are metallurgically bonded by high-temperature diffusion, so that the macroscopic interface performance is improved; compared with the traditional board hammer, the strength is improved by using carbides with different three-dimensional forms and high volume fractions in the hard fibers, the crack deflection is induced by using the hard fibers, the dislocation nucleation is induced by the crack to slow down the initiation and the expansion of the crack, the macroscopic interface performance is improved by using the transition layer between the hard fibers and the matrix, the bonding strength of the hard particle/metal matrix microscopic interface is improved by using the in-situ reaction principle, and the prepared board hammer has excellent toughness and good wear resistance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a high manganese steel-based wear-resistant hammer plate made in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a high manganese steel-based wear-resistant hammer plate prepared in example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the striking part of the hammer in the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer prepared in example 1 of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is a plate hammer body, 2 is a plate hammer striking part, 3 is a high manganese steel matrix, and 4 is a fiber net.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

The preparation method of the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing a high manganese steel plate hammer body by adopting a sand casting method, wherein the steps comprise sand mold manufacturing, metal smelting, pouring and cleaning;

step 2, preparing a composite preform A

Step 2.1, weighing the following component materials in percentage by mass: 35% of high-purity titanium powder, 8.5% of graphite powder and 56.5% of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the granularity of the high-purity titanium powder, the graphite powder and the iron powder is 60 meshes;

2.2, mixing the component materials weighed in the step 2.1 by a V-shaped mixer for 12 hours, and drying after the components are uniform;

2.3, rolling a low-carbon steel strip with the width of 5mm and the thickness of 0.08mm into a U-shaped steel strip by using a forming machine, namely, putting the dried powder in the step 3.2 on the low-carbon steel strip, then rolling the U-shaped steel strip into an O shape, wrapping the powder in the U-shaped steel strip, then rolling the O-shaped low-carbon steel strip filled with the metal powder into a shape with the diameter of 1.0mm by using a reducing roller, so that the powder is uniformly and densely distributed in the low-carbon steel strip, finally drawing the low-carbon steel strip by using a wire drawing machine to the diameter of 200 mu m, and thus obtaining the hard fiber;

step 2.4, weaving hard fibers into sheet-shaped fiber nets according to the size of the striking parts at two ends of the board hammer, wherein the distance between adjacent hard fibers in the fiber nets is 450 microns, placing one layer of fiber net at the bottom of a mould of the striking part of the board hammer, spraying high manganese molten steel with the same components as the high manganese steel board hammer body on the fiber net, wherein the spraying temperature is 1550 ℃, the spraying time is 45s, after the high manganese molten steel completely covers the fiber nets, after solidification, distributing a second layer of fiber net in the mould of the striking part of the board hammer, spraying the high manganese molten steel on the second layer of fiber net, repeating the steps until the mould of the striking part of the board hammer is filled, and then cooling and demoulding to obtain a composite preform A formed by the fiber net and a high manganese steel substrate;

step 3, repeating the step 2 to prepare a composite prefabricated body B formed by the fiber net and the high manganese steel matrix;

step 4, heating the composite preform A and the composite preform B to 1100 ℃ by using an atmosphere protection heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 6 hours, then quenching, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base wear-resistant plate hammer striking parts;

and 5, respectively welding the striking parts of the two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel-based abrasion-resistant plate hammers on two sides of the plate hammer body to obtain the high manganese steel-based abrasion-resistant plate hammers, wherein the three-dimensional view is shown in figure 1, the schematic side view is shown in figure 2, the plate hammer body 1 is arranged in the middle, the striking parts 2 of the plate hammers are arranged on two sides, and the internal structure of the striking parts of the plate hammers is shown in figure 3 and comprises a high manganese steel matrix 3 and fiber nets 4 distributed in a layered manner.

The high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer prepared in the embodiment is subjected to performance detection, the hardness is 55.2HRC, and the impact toughness is 155J/cm²The abrasion resistance of the high manganese steel-based abrasion-resistant plate hammer prepared by the embodiment is improved by 7 times compared with that of a plate hammer prepared by common high manganese steel.

Example 2

The preparation method of the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing a high manganese steel plate hammer body by adopting a sand casting method, wherein the steps comprise sand mold manufacturing, metal smelting, pouring and cleaning;

step 2, preparing a composite preform A

Step 2.1, weighing the following component materials in percentage by mass: 30% of high-purity tungsten powder, 2% of graphite powder and 68% of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;

2.2, mixing the component materials weighed in the step 2.1 by a V-shaped mixer for 13 hours, and drying after the components are uniform;

2.3, rolling a low-carbon steel strip with the width of 4.5mm and the thickness of 0.09mm into a U-shaped steel strip by using a forming machine, namely, putting the dried powder in the step 3.2 on the low-carbon steel strip, then rolling the U-shaped steel strip into an O shape, wrapping the powder in the U-shaped steel strip, then rolling the O-shaped low-carbon steel strip filled with the metal powder to the diameter of 0.8mm by using a reducing roller, so that the powder is uniformly and compactly distributed in the low-carbon steel strip, finally drawing by using a wire drawing machine to the diameter of 300 mu m, and thus obtaining the hard fiber;

step 2.4, weaving hard fibers into a sheet-shaped fiber net according to the size of the striking parts at two ends of the board hammer, wherein the distance between adjacent hard fibers in the fiber net is 500 microns, placing a layer of fiber net at the bottom of a mould of the striking part of the board hammer, spraying high manganese molten steel with the same components as the high manganese steel board hammer body on the fiber net, wherein the spraying temperature is 1500 ℃, the spraying time is 48s, after the high manganese molten steel completely covers the fiber net, after solidification, distributing a second layer of fiber net in the mould of the striking part of the board hammer, spraying the high manganese molten steel on the second layer of fiber net, repeating the steps until the mould of the striking part of the board hammer is filled, and then cooling and demoulding to obtain a composite preform A formed by the fiber net and a high manganese steel substrate;

step 3, repeating the step 2 to prepare a composite prefabricated body B formed by the fiber net and the high manganese steel matrix;

step 4, heating the composite preform A and the composite preform B to 1080 ℃ by using an atmosphere protection heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 5 hours, then quenching, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base wear-resistant plate hammer striking parts;

and 5, respectively welding the striking parts of the two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base abrasion-resistant plate hammers on the two sides of the plate hammer body to obtain the high manganese steel base abrasion-resistant plate hammers.

The high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer prepared in the embodiment is subjected to performance detection, the hardness is 56.3HRC, and the impact toughness is 145J/cm²The abrasion resistance of the high manganese steel-based abrasion-resistant plate hammer prepared by the embodiment is improved by 8 times compared with that of a plate hammer prepared by common high manganese steel.

Example 3

The preparation method of the high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing a high manganese steel plate hammer body by adopting a sand casting method, wherein the steps comprise sand mold manufacturing, metal smelting, pouring and cleaning;

step 2, preparing a composite preform A

Step 2.1, weighing the following component materials in percentage by mass: 40% of high-purity niobium powder, 5% of graphite powder and 55% of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;

step 2.2, mixing the component materials weighed in the step 2.1 by a V-shaped mixer for 12.5 hours, and drying after the components are uniform;

2.3, rolling a low-carbon steel strip with the width of 5.5mm and the thickness of 0.07mm into a U-shaped steel strip by using a forming machine, namely, putting the dried powder in the step 3.2 on the low-carbon steel strip, then rolling the U-shaped steel strip into an O shape, wrapping the powder in the U-shaped steel strip, then rolling the O-shaped low-carbon steel strip filled with the metal powder into a shape with the diameter of 1.2mm by using a reducing roller, so that the powder is uniformly and compactly distributed in the low-carbon steel strip, finally drawing the O-shaped low-carbon steel strip by using a wire drawing machine to the diameter of 250 mu m, and thus obtaining the hard fiber;

step 2.4, weaving hard fibers into sheet-shaped fiber nets according to the size of the striking parts at two ends of the board hammer, wherein the distance between adjacent hard fibers in the fiber nets is 400 microns, placing one layer of fiber net at the bottom of a mould of the striking part of the board hammer, spraying high manganese molten steel with the same components as the high manganese steel board hammer body on the fiber net, wherein the spraying temperature is 1600 ℃, the spraying time is 50s, after the high manganese molten steel completely covers the fiber nets, after solidification, distributing a second layer of fiber net in the mould of the striking part of the board hammer, spraying the high manganese molten steel on the second layer of fiber net, repeating the steps until the mould of the striking part of the board hammer is filled, and then cooling and demoulding to obtain a composite preform A formed by the fiber net and a high manganese steel substrate;

step 3, repeating the step 2 to prepare a composite prefabricated body B formed by the fiber net and the high manganese steel matrix;

step 4, heating the composite preform A and the composite preform B to 1100 ℃ by using an atmosphere protection heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 8 hours, then quenching, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base wear-resistant plate hammer striking parts;

and 5, respectively welding the striking parts of the two double-scale carbide hard fiber reinforced high manganese steel base abrasion-resistant plate hammers on the two sides of the plate hammer body to obtain the high manganese steel base abrasion-resistant plate hammers.

The high manganese steel-based wear-resistant plate hammer prepared in the embodiment is subjected to performance detection, and has the hardness of 54.8HRC and the impact toughness of 156J/cm²The abrasion resistance of the high manganese steel-based abrasion-resistant plate hammer prepared by the embodiment is improved by 6 times compared with that of a plate hammer prepared by common high manganese steel.