Composite material, preparation method thereof, cooking equipment and household appliance
阅读说明：本技术 复合材料及其制备方法、烹饪设备和家用电器 (Composite material, preparation method thereof, cooking equipment and household appliance ) 是由 万鹏 陈永君 曹达华 陈炜杰 解志文 董闯 于 2018-11-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了复合材料及其制备方法、烹饪设备和家用电器。复合材料包括：基体；至少一层准晶层,准晶层含有准晶颗粒,至少一层准晶层依次层叠设置在基体的外表面上,且与基体的外表面相接触的准晶层中的准晶颗粒的至少一部分嵌入到基体中。由此,将准晶颗粒的至少一部分嵌入到基体中,当复合材料与外部器具产生刮碰时,含有准晶颗粒的准晶层首当其冲,保护基体不受到破坏,进而大幅度提高复合材料表面的硬度和耐磨性,而且准晶层的设置还使得复合材料具有良好的不粘性,又由于准晶颗粒本身表面能低,同时准晶颗粒之间还能形成很薄的空气层,如此会进一步的提高复合材料的不粘性。(The invention provides a composite material, a preparation method thereof, cooking equipment and a household appliance. The composite material comprises: a substrate; the quasi-crystal layer contains quasi-crystal particles, the quasi-crystal layers are sequentially stacked on the outer surface of the substrate, and at least one part of the quasi-crystal particles in the quasi-crystal layers which are in contact with the outer surface of the substrate are embedded into the substrate. Therefore, at least one part of the quasicrystal particles is embedded into the matrix, when the composite material is scraped with an external appliance, the quasicrystal layer containing the quasicrystal particles firstly rushes to protect the matrix from being damaged, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the composite material are greatly improved, and the arrangement of the quasicrystal layer also enables the composite material to have good non-adhesiveness, and because the surface energy of the quasicrystal particles is low, meanwhile, a thin air layer can be formed between the quasicrystal particles, the non-adhesiveness of the composite material is further improved.)
1. A composite material, comprising:
a substrate;
the quasi-crystal layer comprises quasi-crystal particles, the quasi-crystal layer is sequentially stacked on the outer surface of the substrate, and at least one part of the quasi-crystal particles in the quasi-crystal layer, which are in contact with the outer surface, are embedded into the substrate.
2. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the area of the outer surface of the matrix embedded by the quasicrystalline particles occupies 50 to 95% of the area of the outer surface of the matrix.
3. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the quasicrystalline particles have a particle size of 20 to 150 microns.
4. A composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising 2 to 3 quasi-crystalline layers.
5. The composite material according to claim 4, wherein the quasi-crystalline particles in the quasi-crystalline layer decrease in size from the inside to the outside.
6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the substrate is selected from at least one of ceramic, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, carbon steel, and iron.
7. The quasi-composite material of claim 1, wherein said quasi-crystalline layer is formed by cold spraying.
8. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the quasi-crystalline layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
the surface roughness is not more than 2 microns;
the thermal conductivity is 0.1W/mK to 3W/mK;
a porosity of 0.1% or more and 20% or less;
the content of the quasicrystal material in the quasicrystal layer is 20 wt% -90 wt%.
9. A method of making the composite material of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
and spraying at least once on the outer surface of the substrate to form at least one quasi-crystal layer containing quasi-crystal particles on the outer surface of the substrate in sequence, wherein at least one part of the quasi-crystal particles in the quasi-crystal layer which is in contact with the outer surface of the substrate is embedded into the substrate.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the spray pattern is cold spray.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the cold spraying is accomplished under at least one of:
the spraying power is 20-40 KW, the powder feeding amount is 5-80 g/min, the spraying pressure is 1-10 MPa, and the heating temperature of spraying gas is 700-800 ℃.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the quasicrystalline particles are obtained by:
aluminum, copper, iron and chromium are mixed according to the atomic number ratio of (60-70): (15-25): (5-15): (5-15) and smelting to form an alloy ingot;
carrying out atomization powder preparation treatment on the alloy ingot in vacuum or protective atmosphere so as to obtain quasicrystal powder;
and spheroidizing the quasicrystal powder to obtain the quasicrystal particles.
13. The method of any of claims 10-12, further comprising, after the cold spraying: and polishing the outer surface of the quasi-crystal layer.
14. A cooking apparatus, wherein at least a portion of the cooking apparatus is formed from the composite material of any one of claims 1 to 8.
15. The cooking apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cooking apparatus is a pot formed from the composite material, wherein,
the base body of the composite material forms a pot body;
the quasi-crystal layer of the composite material is arranged on the inner surface of at least one part of the pot body.
16. The cooking apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cooking apparatus comprises a liner formed from the composite material, wherein,
the substrate of the composite material forms an inner container body;
the quasi-crystalline layer of the composite material is disposed on an inner surface of at least a portion of the liner body.
17. A domestic appliance, wherein at least a portion of the domestic appliance is formed from a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quasi-crystal material, in particular to a composite material, a preparation method thereof, cooking equipment and a household appliance.
Background
At present, in order to achieve non-stick property of cooking, domestic and foreign cooking equipment prepares a non-stick coating on the inner side of a pot body, the most commonly used is an organic fluororesin coating and a ceramic coating, and an iron pot and a stainless steel pot with specially treated surfaces are also provided, but the coatings have some defects, such as lower hardness of the organic fluororesin coating, poorer wear resistance, no resistance to iron shoveling and scraping, and easy corrosion and shedding phenomena when acidic food is cooked for a long time; the ceramic non-stick coating mainly depends on a layer of silicone oil on the surface to achieve the non-stick effect, so the weather resistance is poor, the non-stick property is reduced after long-term use, and the oily ceramic coating pollutes the environment during construction. Nowadays more and more consumers are pursuing healthy uncoated metal pots, but the non-stick properties of surface treated iron pots as well as stainless steel pots are still not ideal.
Therefore, the related art research on the non-stick coating is still under way.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a composite material with the advantages of good hardness, good wear resistance, long service life or good non-stick property.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a composite material. According to an embodiment of the invention, the composite material comprises: a substrate; the quasi-crystal layer comprises quasi-crystal particles, the quasi-crystal layer is sequentially stacked on the outer surface of the substrate, and at least one part of the quasi-crystal particles in the quasi-crystal layer, which are in contact with the outer surface of the substrate, are embedded into the substrate. Because the quasicrystal has good non-adhesiveness, high hardness, high corrosion resistance, low friction coefficient and other excellent performances, at least one part of the quasicrystal particles is embedded into the matrix, the binding force between the quasicrystal particles and the matrix can be increased, the quasicrystal particles can firstly bear scraping from the outside, and because the quasicrystal particles can be firmly combined with the matrix, the quasicrystal layers are prevented from being scraped, the matrix is further protected from being damaged, further, the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the composite material are greatly improved, the service life of the composite material is prolonged, and the composite material has good non-adhesiveness due to the arrangement of the quasicrystal layers, the surface energy of the quasicrystal particles is low, and meanwhile, a thin air layer can be formed between the quasicrystal particles, so that the non-adhesiveness of the composite.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, an area of the outer surface of the base body, in which the quasicrystalline particles are embedded, accounts for 50% to 95% of an area of the outer surface of the base body.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the quasicrystalline particles is 20 to 150 micrometers.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the composite material comprises 2-3 quasi-crystal layers.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the grain size of the quasi-crystal grains in the quasi-crystal layer from inside to outside is gradually reduced.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the substrate is selected from at least one of an aluminum alloy, stainless steel, carbon steel and iron.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the quasi-crystalline layer is formed by cold spraying.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the quasi-crystalline layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the surface roughness is not more than 2 microns; the thermal conductivity is 0.1-3W/mK; a porosity of 0.1% or more and 20% or less; the content of the quasicrystal material in the quasicrystal layer is 20 wt% -90 wt%.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making a composite material as hereinbefore described. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: and spraying at least once on the outer surface of the substrate to form at least one quasi-crystal layer containing quasi-crystal particles on the outer surface of the substrate in sequence, wherein at least one part of the quasi-crystal particles in the quasi-crystal layer which is in contact with the outer surface of the substrate is embedded into the substrate. Therefore, the preparation process is mature, the operation is easy, the industrial production is easy, and at least one part of the quasicrystal particles is embedded into the matrix in the method for preparing the composite material, so that the binding force with the matrix can be increased, the quasicrystal particles can firstly bear scraping from the outside, and because the quasicrystal particles can be firmly bound with the matrix, the quasicrystal layer is prevented from being scraped, the matrix is further protected from being damaged, the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the composite material are greatly improved, and the service life of the composite material is prolonged. And the arrangement of the quasi-crystal layer also enables the composite material to have good non-adhesiveness, and because the surface energy of the quasi-crystal particles is low, and meanwhile, a thin air layer can be formed among the quasi-crystal particles, the non-adhesiveness of the composite material can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the spraying is cold spraying.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the cold spraying is performed under at least one of the following conditions: the spraying power is 20-40 kw, the powder feeding amount is 5-80 g/min, the spraying pressure is 1-10 MPa, and the heating temperature of the spraying gas is 700-800 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystalline particles are obtained by: aluminum, copper, iron and chromium are mixed according to the atomic number ratio of (60-70): (15-25): (5-15): (5-15) and smelting to form an alloy ingot; carrying out atomization powder preparation treatment on the alloy ingot in vacuum or protective atmosphere so as to obtain quasicrystal powder; and spheroidizing the quasicrystal powder to obtain the quasicrystal particles.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising, after the cold spraying: and polishing the outer surface of the quasi-crystal layer.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a cooking apparatus is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the cooking device is formed of the composite material as described above. Thus, the part formed by the composite material has high strength and corrosion resistance and good non-stick property. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the cooking device has all the features and advantages of the composite material described above and will not be described in detail here.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the cooking device is a pot formed of the composite material, wherein the matrix of the composite material constitutes a pot body; the quasi-crystal layer of the composite material is arranged on the inner surface of at least one part of the pot body.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the cooking device comprises an inner container, wherein the inner container is formed by the composite material, and a substrate of the composite material forms an inner container body; the quasi-crystalline layer of the composite material is disposed on an inner surface of at least a portion of the liner body.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a home appliance. According to an embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the household appliance is formed of the aforementioned composite material. Therefore, the part formed by the composite material in the household appliance has higher strength and corrosion resistance and good hydrophobicity. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the household appliance has all the features and advantages of the composite material described above, and will not be described in detail herein.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a composite material according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a composite material according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for preparing quasicrystalline particles in another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 10-a substrate; 11-the outer surface of the substrate; 20-quasi-crystal layer; 21-quasicrystalline particles
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a composite material. According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to fig. 1, the composite material comprises: a
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the material forming the base body is not limited as long as it has sufficient strength such that the quasicrystalline powder is sprayed on the surface thereof. In some embodiments of the invention, the substrate is selected from at least one of ceramic, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, carbon steel, and iron. The substrate is thus sufficiently strong to withstand the pressure of the spray application, so that the composite material can be used to form the pan or liner of a cooking device, wherein the quasicrystalline layer is in direct contact with the food, thereby improving the non-stick properties of the pan or liner. When metals such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, carbon steel and iron are used as the base body, the density, the structure and the thermal expansion coefficient of the quasicrystal and the base body are close, the bonding strength of the quasicrystal and the base body can be better improved, and meanwhile, the pot body or the inner container is not easy to generate thermal stress during heating, so that the service life of the pot body or the inner container is prolonged.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to improve the non-adhesiveness of the composite material, a certain gap is formed between the quasicrystal particles, and as mentioned above, because the surface energy of the quasicrystal particles is low, the gap between the quasicrystal particles can form a thin air layer, so that a hydrophobic structure is formed on the outer surface of the quasicrystal layer, the hydrophobicity of the outer surface of the composite material is improved, and the non-adhesiveness of the composite material is further improved. The specific size of the gap can be designed by those skilled in the art according to the particle size of the quasicrystalline particles, as long as a continuous hydrophobic structure can be formed on the outer surface of the substrate.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the quasicrystal particles in the quasicrystal layer of the same layer may have the same or different particle sizes, and those skilled in the art can flexibly set the particle sizes according to actual requirements, which is not limited herein.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to form a continuous layer of continuous hydrophobic structures on the outer surface of the substrate, the area of the outer surface of the substrate embedded by the quasicrystalline particles occupies 50% to 95% of the area of the outer surface of the substrate, for example, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95%. Therefore, a continuous layer of hydrophobic structure can be formed on the outer surface of the matrix, and good non-adhesiveness of the composite material is ensured; if the area of the external surface of the matrix embedded by the quasicrystal particles is less than 50 percent of the area of the external surface of the matrix, the external surface of the matrix cannot form a layer of continuous hydrophobic structure, and compared with the matrix, the non-adhesiveness of the composite material is improved but is not obviously improved; due to the limitation of the preparation process, the area of the outer surface of the matrix embedded by the quasicrystalline particles is hardly higher than 95% of the area of the outer surface of the matrix, and the preparation cost is greatly increased.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure that the composite material has good non-stick properties, the particle size of the quasicrystalline particles is 20 microns to 150 microns, such as 20 microns, 25 microns, 30 microns, 35 microns, 40 microns, 50 microns, 60 microns, 70 microns, 80 microns, 90 microns, 100 microns, 110 microns, 120 microns, 130 microns, 140 microns or 150 microns. Thus, the quasicrystalline particles can be perfectly embedded in the matrix during preparation; if the particle size of the particles is less than 20 micrometers, part of quasi-crystal particles may be completely embedded into the matrix when the quasi-crystal layer is formed, so that a continuous hydrophobic structure cannot be formed on the outer surface of the matrix, and compared with the matrix, the non-adhesiveness of the composite material is improved, but the improvement is not obvious, and the preparation cost is higher; if the particle size is greater than 150 μm, the non-tackiness of the composite is not significantly improved compared to the matrix. It should be noted that, when the particle size of the quasicrystal particles is 20 to 150 micrometers, and the composite material includes multiple quasicrystal layers, the gap between adjacent quasicrystal particles needs to be designed to be less than 20 micrometers, so as to prevent the quasicrystal particles in the quasicrystal layer (quasicrystal layer far from the substrate) in the outer layer from falling into the quasicrystal layer (quasicrystal layer near the substrate) in the inner layer.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to form a quasi-crystal layer with a suitable thickness, referring to FIG. 2 (two layers are taken as an example in the figure), the composite material includes 2-3 quasi-crystal layers. Therefore, a quasi-crystal layer with a proper thickness can be obtained, and the composite material is ensured to have high strength, high corrosion resistance and high non-adhesiveness; if the quasi-crystal layer of the composite material is only one layer, if the preparation process comprises the step of polishing the outer surface of the crystal layer, the thickness of the polished quasi-crystal layer can be reduced, and the strength, the corrosion resistance and the non-adhesiveness of the composite material can be further influenced; if the number of layers of the pseudo-crystalline layer of the composite material is too large, the thickness of the pseudo-crystalline layer is made thick, which results in poor improvement of the non-tackiness of the composite material compared to the base.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the composite material comprises a plurality of layers, in order to reduce the production cost of the composite material and improve the utilization rate of the quasicrystal particles, the quasicrystal layer formed by the quasicrystal particles with large particle size (which can comprise a plurality of quasicrystal layers formed by the quasicrystal particles with different particle sizes) can be arranged on the inner layer (the inner layer refers to the side close to the outer surface of the base body), and the quasicrystal layer formed by the quasicrystal particles with small particle size is arranged on the outermost layer far away from the base body (the outermost layer refers to the side directly contacted. Therefore, the utilization rate of the quasicrystal particles can be greatly improved, and the quasicrystal layer can be ensured to have good non-adhesiveness. In some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the grain size of the quasi-crystal grains in the quasi-crystal layer decreases gradually from inside to outside (from inside to outside refers to a direction extending from the outer surface of the base body to the outermost layer of the quasi-crystal layer). Therefore, the quasicrystal layer formed by the quasicrystal particles with large particle size is arranged on the surface of the substrate, the utilization rate of the quasicrystal particles can be improved, the quasicrystal layer formed by the quasicrystal particles with large particle size has certain porosity, the thermal conductivity of the quasicrystal layer can be further reduced by the certain porosity, the surface temperature of the whole quasicrystal layer is more uniform, the non-adhesiveness of the coating can be improved, the preparation cost of the quasicrystal particles with large particle size is lower, and the consumption cost of the whole process is reduced; however, the porosity has a great influence on the corrosion resistance, so that a quasi-crystal layer formed by denser quasi-crystal particles with small particle size is arranged on the surface, away from the substrate, of the quasi-crystal layer formed by the quasi-crystal particles with large particle size, so that the corrosion resistance and the compactness of the quasi-crystal layer finally obtained are improved, the non-adhesiveness of the quasi-crystal layer formed by the quasi-crystal particles with small particle size is better, and the non-adhesiveness of the composite material can be further improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to better control the formation of the quasi-crystal layer, the quasi-crystal layer is formed by cold spraying. Therefore, the preparation process is mature, easy to operate and convenient to control, the composite materials with different performance parameters can be produced according to different use requirements, and the industrial production is easy to realize.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the quasicrystalline layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
the surface roughness of the outer surface of the quasicrystal layer is not more than 2 microns, which is beneficial to further improving the non-adhesiveness and the wear resistance of the quasicrystal layer, namely further improving the non-adhesiveness and the wear resistance of the composite material;
the thermal conductivity of the quasi-crystal layer is 0.1W/mK to 3W/mK, such as 0.1W/mK, 0.5W/mK, 1W/mK, 1.5W/mK, 2W/mK or 3W/mK. The thermal conductivity of the base body is very high, if the thermal conductivity of low-carbon steel exceeds 50W/mK, when the base body is applied to a pot, the pot body and the pot bottom generate temperature difference to cause the pot to stick and stick, the thermal conductivity of the quasicrystal layer is lower and ranges from 0.1W/mK to 3W/mK, therefore, the quasicrystal layer is arranged on the base body and is equivalent to a protective layer arranged on the surface of the pot, the heat is uniformly distributed on the surface of the pot due to the characteristic of low thermal conductivity of the quasicrystal layer, the problem of sticking and sticking the pot is solved, and the non-adhesiveness of the composite material is;
the quasi-crystalline layer has a porosity of 0.1% or more and 20% or less, such as 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 11%, 13%, 15%, 17%, 18%, 20%. Therefore, stress concentration can be reduced and coating cracks can be avoided due to reasonable pores in the quasi-crystal layer, but when the porosity in the quasi-crystal layer is more than 20%, the hardness and the wear resistance of the coating are greatly reduced, so that the durability of the quasi-crystal layer is reduced;
the content of the quasicrystal material in the quasicrystal layer is 20-90 wt%, such as 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt% or 90 wt%. Therefore, the quasicrystal layer can be ensured to have better non-adhesiveness, higher strength and strong corrosion resistance, namely the composite material has better non-adhesiveness, higher strength and stronger corrosion resistance.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making a composite material as hereinbefore described. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: and spraying at least once on the outer surface of the substrate to form at least one quasi-crystal layer containing quasi-crystal particles on the outer surface of the substrate in sequence, wherein at least one part of the quasi-crystal particles in the quasi-crystal layer which is in contact with the outer surface of the substrate is embedded into the substrate. Therefore, the preparation process is mature, the operation is easy, the industrial production is easy, at least one part of the quasicrystal particles is embedded into the matrix by the method, the binding force with the matrix can be increased, the quasicrystal particles can firstly bear scraping from the outside, and the quasicrystal particles can be firmly bound with the matrix to prevent the quasicrystal layers from being scraped, so that the matrix is further protected from being damaged, the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the composite material are greatly improved, the service life of the composite material is prolonged, the composite material has good non-adhesiveness due to the arrangement of the quasicrystal layers, meanwhile, a thin air layer can be formed between the quasicrystal particles, and the non-adhesiveness of the composite material is further improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to better control the formation of the quasi-crystal layer, the quasi-crystal layer is formed by cold spraying. Therefore, the preparation process is mature, easy to operate and convenient to control, the composite materials with different performance parameters can be produced according to different use requirements, and the industrial production is easy to realize.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to obtain the composite material with better performance, the cold spraying is carried out under the condition of at least one of the following conditions: the spraying power is 20-40 kw, such as 20kw, 25kw, 30kw, 35kw or 50kw, the powder feeding amount is 5-80 g/min, such as 5g/min, 10g/min, 20g/min, 30g/min, 40g/min, 50g/min, 60g/min, 70g/min or 80g/min, the spraying pressure is 1-10 MPa, such as 1MPa, 1.5MPa, 2MPa, 2.5MPa, 3MPa, 4MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa, 7MPa, 8MPa, 9MPa or 10MPa, and the spraying gas heating temperature is 700-800 ℃, such as 700 ℃, 720 ℃, 740 ℃, 750 ℃, 760 ℃, 780 ℃ or 800 ℃. Therefore, the prepared quasicrystal layer has the best performance, and the composite material has the best non-adhesiveness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, wherein the spraying power is too high or too low, and the performance of the prepared composite material is not obviously improved compared with that of a matrix; because the room temperature brittleness of the quasicrystal is high, the shaping and the ductility of the quasicrystal above 600 ℃ are greatly improved, in order to obtain the quasicrystal layer with better performance, the cold spraying temperature of the quasicrystal layer is 700-800 ℃, and the performance of the quasicrystal layer obtained in the temperature range is superior to that of the quasicrystal layer obtained in other temperature ranges; if the powder feeding amount is more than 80g/min, the bonding fastness and the adhesive force of the quasicrystal particles and the matrix are poor, and compared with the matrix, the improvement effect of the non-adhesiveness, the strength and the corrosion resistance of the composite material is not obvious; if the powder feeding amount is less than 30g/min, although a quasicrystal layer with better performance can be formed, the spraying efficiency is lower, and the cost is improved; if the injection pressure is greater than 10MPa, it is possible to embed it completely in the matrix for small-sized quasicrystalline particles; if the injection pressure is less than 1MPa, the amount of quasicrystalline particles embedded in the matrix is too small, and the binding force between the quasicrystalline particles and the matrix is weak, which may affect the service life of the composite material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the quasicrystalline particles are obtained by:
s100: aluminum, copper, iron and chromium are mixed according to the atomic number ratio of (60-70): (15-25): (5-15): (5-15) and smelting to form an alloy ingot.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a person skilled in the art can flexibly select the aluminum-based quasicrystal powder or the titanium-based quasicrystal powder according to actual needs. In some embodiments of the present invention, the quasicrystal powder is an aluminum-based quasicrystal powder, wherein in the step of forming the aluminum-based quasicrystal powder, in order to obtain a quasicrystal coating with a high quasicrystal content, the atomic number ratio of aluminum, copper, iron, and chromium is (60-70): (15-25): (5-15): (5-15). Therefore, the quasicrystal content in the finally obtained quasicrystal coating is high and can reach 20-90%, so that the quasicrystal coating has better non-stickiness.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystal obtained by the method has five-time rotational symmetry or ten-time rotational symmetry characteristics. Therefore, the quasicrystal has the special quasi-periodic arrangement characteristics, the crystal grains of the quasicrystal cannot be arranged in the whole space, and the coating surface formed by the quasicrystal is provided with the concave-convex structure with micron-scale or micro-nanometer-scale gaps formed by the crystal grains, so that the structure can play an excellent hydrophobic role and has a good non-sticking effect.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the grain shape of the quasicrystal is a polyhedral structure. Therefore, the crystal grains formed by the polyhedral structure cannot be arranged in the whole space, and the surface of the quasicrystal coating layer contains a concave-convex structure so as to achieve the non-sticky effect. In some embodiments of the invention, the grain shape of the quasicrystal is an icosahedron or a rhombohedral (deca quasicrystal). Therefore, when the quasicrystal contains the crystal grains with the shapes of icosahedron or rhombohedral (deca-quasicrystal), the quasicrystal has a more compact structure, so that the quasicrystal has higher hardness, wear resistance, scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, longer service life and better non-stick performance, and the coating containing the quasicrystal has better service performance.
S200: and carrying out atomization powder preparation treatment on the alloy ingot in vacuum or protective atmosphere so as to obtain the quasicrystal powder.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the atomization pulverization process, the alloy ingot is melted into a liquid at 1000 to 1200 ℃, and then the melted liquid is impacted or otherwise broken into fine droplets by a fast-moving fluid (atomizing medium), and then condensed into a solid powder, i.e., a quasicrystalline powder. Therefore, the method has mature process, is easy to operate and is easy for industrial production.
S300: and spheroidizing the quasicrystal powder to obtain quasicrystal particles.
By this step, quasicrystal particles with a desired particle size can be obtained, and by screening, quasicrystal particles with a particle size of 20 microns to 150 microns, for example, 20 microns, 50 microns, 70 microns, 90 microns, 100 microns, 130 microns or 150 microns can be obtained. Thus, the quasicrystalline particles can be perfectly embedded in the matrix during preparation; if the particle size of the particles is less than 20 micrometers, part of quasi-crystal particles may be completely embedded into the matrix when the quasi-crystal layer is formed, so that a continuous hydrophobic structure cannot be formed on the outer surface of the matrix, and compared with the matrix, the non-adhesiveness of the composite material is improved, but the improvement is not obvious, and the preparation cost is higher; if the particle size is larger than 150 μm, the composite material has less improvement in non-tackiness and a poor powder yield in spraying compared to the matrix. It should be noted that, when the particle size of the quasicrystal particles is 20 to 150 micrometers, and the composite material includes multiple quasicrystal layers, the gap between adjacent quasicrystal particles needs to be designed to be less than 20 micrometers, so as to prevent the quasicrystal particles in the quasicrystal layer (quasicrystal layer far from the substrate) in the outer layer from falling into the quasicrystal layer (quasicrystal layer near the substrate) in the inner layer.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to obtain the quasicrystal coating with more suitable surface roughness, the cold spraying method further comprises the following steps: and aligning the outer surface of the crystal layer to carry out polishing. Therefore, the surface roughness of the quasi-crystal coating can be reduced, the quasi-crystal coating with more suitable surface roughness can be obtained, and the non-adhesiveness of the quasi-crystal coating is improved. According to an embodiment of the invention, the surface roughness of the quasicrystalline coating is less than 2 microns. Therefore, the non-stick property of the quasicrystalline coating is further improved, if the roughness is too large, although the composite material has good non-stick property compared with the matrix, the non-stick property effect is poorer than that of the composite material smaller than 2 microns, and the composite material is easily damaged by external appliances when being contacted with the external appliances.
The nonstick property of the composite material means that when the composite material is used in cooking equipment, the base body of the composite material is used as a cookware body or a liner body, and the quasicrystal layer of the composite material is arranged on the inner surface of the cookware body or the liner body, namely, the quasicrystal layer is directly contacted with food, so that the food is not stuck to the cookware in the cooking process.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a cooking apparatus is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the cooking device is formed of the composite material as described above. Thus, the part formed by the composite material has high strength and corrosion resistance and good non-stick property. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the cooking device has all the features and advantages of the composite material described above and will not be described in detail here.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the specific type of the cooking equipment is not limited, and the skilled person can flexibly select the cooking equipment according to actual needs. In some embodiments of the invention, the cooking device is a pot formed from the composite material, wherein the base of the composite material is a pot body; the quasi-crystal layer of the composite material is arranged on the inner surface of at least one part of the pot body, namely the quasi-crystal layer is in direct contact with food. The pot is at least one selected from a frying pan, a stew pan and a milk pan. In other embodiments of the present invention, a cooking apparatus includes a liner formed from the composite material, wherein a matrix of the composite material is a liner body; the quasi-crystalline layer of the composite material is disposed on an inner surface of at least a portion of the liner body. The cooking equipment is any cooking equipment with an inner container, for example, the inner container can be an inner container of an electric cooker or an autoclave.
Of course, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the cooking device includes the necessary structures or components of the conventional cooking device, such as the wok, besides the quasicrystal coating and the body, and the handle, etc. besides the quasicrystal coating and the body; taking an electric cooker as an example, the electric cooker comprises a cooker body, a base, a steam valve, a cooker cover, an electric heating plate, an operation interface and other structures or components besides the inner container.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a home appliance. According to an embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the household appliance is formed of the aforementioned composite material. Therefore, the part formed by the composite material in the household appliance has higher strength and corrosion resistance and good hydrophobicity. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the household appliance has all the features and advantages of the composite material described above, and will not be described in detail herein.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the specific types of the household appliances are not limited, and a person skilled in the art can flexibly select the household appliances according to actual requirements, such as washing machines, water heaters, microwave ovens, air conditioners and the like.