阅读说明：本技术 一种水空两用无人机 (Empty dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle of water ) 是由 杨娇芳 杨帅 李�东 于 2019-09-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水空两用无人机,包括机身、机翼、尾翼、空气螺旋桨、折叠展开机构、助推机构、舵面驱动机构、脱落机构、航行螺旋桨；机身为主要安装体,连接机翼、尾翼、空气螺旋桨、折叠展开机构、脱落机构和航行螺旋桨；折叠机构用于机翼的折叠展开；助推机构提供无人机水下发射的能量；舵面驱动机构用于各个舵面的控制；脱落机构用于无人机空中飞行时抛下多余的助推机构；航行螺旋桨用于水下航行；本发明采用折叠展开机构将机翼向后折叠,减少水下航行阻力,采用气瓶助推,提供发射动力,采用占空间体积小的舵面驱动机构保证防水密封性,采用脱落机构将气瓶脱落,减少无人机重量与飞行阻力。(The invention discloses a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises a body, wings, an empennage, air propellers, a folding and unfolding mechanism, a boosting mechanism, a control surface driving mechanism, a shedding mechanism and navigation propellers, wherein the wings are arranged on the body; the aircraft body is a main installation body and is connected with a wing, an empennage, an air propeller, a folding and unfolding mechanism, a shedding mechanism and a navigation propeller; the folding mechanism is used for folding and unfolding the wings; the boosting mechanism provides energy emitted underwater by the unmanned aerial vehicle; the control surface driving mechanism is used for controlling each control surface; the falling mechanism is used for throwing off redundant boosting mechanisms when the unmanned aerial vehicle flies in the air; the navigation propeller is used for underwater navigation; the invention adopts the folding and unfolding mechanism to fold the wings backwards, reduces underwater navigation resistance, adopts the gas cylinder to assist and provide launching power, adopts the control surface driving mechanism occupying small space and ensuring waterproof sealing performance, and adopts the shedding mechanism to shed the gas cylinder, thereby reducing the weight and flight resistance of the unmanned aerial vehicle.)

1. A water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized by comprising a vehicle body (1), wings (2), an empennage (3), air propellers (4), a folding and unfolding mechanism (5), a boosting mechanism (6), a control surface driving mechanism (7), a shedding mechanism (8) and navigation propellers (9);

fuselage (1) is as unmanned aerial vehicle's main carrier, and all the other parts are all installed and are fixed on fuselage (1), and the installation is specifically as follows:

the air propeller (4) is arranged at the front end of the machine body (1), and the mounting position of the air propeller (4) is fixed through a power motor arranged on a mounting plate at the front end of the machine body (1);

the navigation propeller (9) is arranged at the rear end of the machine body (1), and the installation position of the navigation propeller (9) is fixed through a power motor arranged on an installation plate at the rear end of the machine body (1);

the folding and unfolding mechanism (5) is fixedly arranged on a platform at the middle position of the top of the machine body (1) through screws, the screw fixing position is positioned on a beam frame in the machine body (1), and the mechanism can flexibly operate after being arranged;

the wings (2) are fixedly arranged on folding rods at two sides of the folding and unfolding mechanism (5) through screws, and the locking function can be realized before and after folding during installation;

the shedding mechanism (8) is fixedly arranged on a platform at the middle position of the belly of the machine body (1) through screws, the screw fixing position is positioned on a beam frame in the machine body (1), and the mechanism can flexibly operate after being arranged;

the boosting mechanism (6) is connected below the falling mechanism (8) through the hanging lug and the hanging hook, the hanging lug and the hanging lug are controlled to be opened and closed through the steering engine, the falling function is achieved, and the gas cylinder is opened through the electromagnetic valve to carry out underwater launching;

the control surface driving mechanism (7) comprises three parts which are respectively positioned in the wing, at the horizontal tail end part and at the vertical tail end part and comprise a rotating shaft, a rotating gear, a transmission belt, a steering engine and the like, the steering engine provides power, and the belt drives the control surface to rotate so as to realize the deflection function of the control surface;

the empennage (3) comprises a horizontal tail and a vertical tail which are fixedly arranged at the tail part of the machine body (1) respectively in a clamping groove mode, and the machine body (1) is provided with an installation opening corresponding to the empennage, so that the installation, the maintenance and the debugging can be conveniently carried out.

2. A water-air unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the folding and unfolding mechanism (5) is folded underwater, the wings (2) are folded backwards, and the folding and unfolding mechanism is unfolded when water is discharged for launching.

3. The unmanned aerial vehicle for water and air utilization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the boosting mechanism (6) uses high-pressure gas or water-gas mixture as power.

4. A water-air drone according to claim 1, characterised in that the control surface actuation means (7) are placed completely inside the wing (2) without damaging the aerodynamic profile of the wing (2).

5. The unmanned aerial vehicle for water and air as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dropping mechanism (8) drops the boosting mechanism (6) in a gravity dropping manner during launching.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular to a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle.

Background

The unmanned aerial vehicle is an unmanned aerial vehicle remotely controlled by wireless equipment or a control program preinstalled in the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the war needs are born in the 20 th century. Unmanned aerial vehicle is as a neotype strength in the air, because the direct personnel that carry on the unmanned aerial vehicle are applicable to and carry out high dangerous task. And a life support system is not required to be installed, so that the size, the whole weight, the manufacturing cost, the maintenance cost and the like of the unmanned aerial vehicle are greatly reduced. The wide application in the military and civil fields has also deepened the demand for high performance unmanned aerial vehicles.

The existing unmanned aerial vehicle has the advantages that the flying medium is mostly air, although the aerial vehicle has better maneuverability, the concealment is poorer than that of an underwater vehicle, so that the working environment and the application range of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be limited; the submarine-launched unmanned aerial vehicle needs to be carried by a submarine and launched through a torpedo or rocket launcher, a large carrying platform can limit the application of the unmanned aerial vehicle, multiple systems are needed for matching, and a large amount of personnel and cost are needed for operation and maintenance; the invention relates to a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle, which is an aircraft capable of realizing water-air dual-purpose and is invented by combining the advantages of an aircraft and a submarine. Due to the significant difference between the water environment and the air environment, it is a difficult task that the unmanned aerial vehicle has navigation capability and flight capability in the two media at the same time — the layout of the two different fluid media, the launching process of the cross-media, the compact structure, the dynamic compatibility and the like need to be considered.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a novel scheme of a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle. The wing folding and unfolding mechanism is used for folding the wings backwards, and is small in size and convenient to transport. Meanwhile, the underwater navigation resistance is reduced by the rear folding of the wings. And a gas cylinder is adopted for boosting to provide launching power. The control surface driving mechanism which occupies small space and volume is adopted to ensure waterproof sealing performance, the shedding mechanism is adopted to shed the gas cylinder, and the weight and flight resistance of the unmanned aerial vehicle are reduced during air flight. This dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle scheme of water air makes unmanned aerial vehicle have the operation ability of navigation under water and air flight.

The invention comprises a fuselage, wings, a tail wing, a propeller, a folding and unfolding mechanism, a boosting mechanism, a control surface driving mechanism, a shedding mechanism and the like. The wings, the empennage, the propellers, the folding and unfolding mechanism and the shedding mechanism are arranged on the fuselage, and the propellers are arranged in the front space through the front cabin cover. The upper layer of the middle space is connected with the wings by using a folding and unfolding mechanism. The lower layer of the middle space is provided with a shedding mechanism, and the shedding mechanism is respectively arranged on the installation platforms at the top and the belly of the machine body. The tail space is provided with an empennage and a navigation propeller and is arranged through a rear cabin cover; the wings are arranged in a straight wing mode, are symmetrical left and right, are close to the nose and are convenient to fold backwards. A control surface driving mechanism is arranged in the wing and is hinged with the wing control surface; the tail wing is arranged at the tail part of the machine body, and the control surface driving mechanism is arranged in the tail wing and is respectively hinged with the elevator and the rudder; the shedding mechanism is connected with the front and rear hangers of the boosting mechanism through the front and rear hangers and is arranged at the belly of the machine body.

The operation stages of the design of the invention are as follows: 1) and (3) underwater navigation stage: at the stage, the unmanned aerial vehicle sails underwater, wings are folded backwards, a tail sailing propeller is used for providing forward power, and a tail wing controls sailing postures; 2) and (3) water outlet stage: the elevator of the empennage controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to float upwards to be close to the water surface, and the boosting mechanism works to provide launching power for the unmanned aerial vehicle and push the unmanned aerial vehicle out of the water surface to enter the air; 3) a takeoff stage: after the unmanned aerial vehicle discharges water and obtains the takeoff speed, the wings are unfolded, the boosting mechanism is thrown down at the same time, the tail propeller stops working, and the air propeller works and provides pulling force; 4) and (3) an air flight stage: when the unmanned aerial vehicle rises to a certain height, the unmanned aerial vehicle changes to a flat flight state.

Unmanned aerial vehicle navigation under water stage:

the shedding mechanism is electrified to control the steering engine to pull the pull rod, rotate the sliding block and rotate the hook, so that the hook is in an open state, the steering engine is controlled to push the pull rod, the hook is rotated and is in a closed state, the hook is connected with the hanging lug, and the hanging is completed.

The left wing structure rotates anticlockwise, the right wing structure rotates clockwise, and the rotating shaft is provided with a torsion spring; the steering engine pulls the connecting rod to drive the front limiting pin and the rear limiting pin to move towards the interior of the machine body, so that the front limiting pin and the rear limiting pin are in an open state; when the wing rotates to form an included angle of 60 degrees with the fuselage, the torsion spring of the rotating shaft is compressed, the front limiting pin and the rear limiting pin are inserted into the limiting holes reserved on the wing, and the wing is fixed.

At the moment, a control surface driving mechanism on the wing does not work, the tail propeller rotates to provide thrust, and the underwater navigation attitude is controlled through the control surface on the empennage. The control surface of the empennage is powered by the steering engine, the driving gear of the steering engine rotates, the driving belt drives the driven gear of the control surface to rotate, and then the rotating shaft of the control surface is driven to rotate, so that deflection of the control surface is realized. The elevator of the empennage controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to float and sink, the left and right differential controls the rolling of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the rudder of the empennage controls the course.

Unmanned aerial vehicle goes out water stage:

the whole gesture of fin steering wheel control unmanned aerial vehicle makes unmanned aerial vehicle keep a certain requirement gesture come-up, and when floating to the surface of water, the solenoid valve is opened, and belly high-pressure bottle blowout high-pressure gas obtains the thrust of going out water. The falling mechanism is characterized in that the pull rod is pulled by the steering engine, the sliding block is rotated, the hook is in an open state, and the boosting mechanism naturally falls off. The working states of other parts are in the same underwater navigation stage.

The takeoff stage of the unmanned aerial vehicle:

the air propeller starts to rotate, and the tail propeller stops working. After the unmanned aerial vehicle rushes out of the water surface, a steering engine of the folding and unfolding mechanism pulls a pull rod to drive a front limiting pin and a rear limiting pin to move towards the interior of the machine body, and after the front limiting pin and the rear limiting pin are separated from the wings, the wings are flicked by a wing rotating shaft torsion spring; after the wings are unfolded, the front limiting pin and the rear limiting pin are inserted into the limiting holes reserved on the wings, and the wings are fixed. At the moment, a control surface driving mechanism on the wing works to control rolling, an elevator of the empennage controls pitching, and a rudder controls course.

The unmanned aerial vehicle flight stage:

the unmanned aerial vehicle and the front pull type fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle with the conventional layout have the same working state and fly horizontally and cruise at a certain set height.

The invention has the advantages that:

1) the invention relates to a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle, wings of which are folded backwards, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle has excellent fluid dynamics characteristics and small underwater navigation resistance;

2) the gas cylinder is adopted for boosting and launching, so that the requirement on a power system is lowered, the gas cylinder falls off after launching, and the gravity and the resistance in air flight are reduced;

3) by using the gear type control surface driving mechanism, the mechanism is completely embedded in the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the sealing property and the pneumatic appearance are ensured, and the waterproof requirement on the assembly is reduced;

4) the cross-medium folding and unfolding mechanism is simple and feasible in design and convenient to process and manufacture.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a process diagram of a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle in an operation stage;

FIG. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of an underwater navigation stage of a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle;

fig. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle in an air flight phase;

fig. 4 is a side view of a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the fuselage mechanism;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a wing mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a tail mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a top view of the folding and unfolding mechanism;

FIG. 9 is a side view of the folding and unfolding mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a schematic transmission diagram of a control surface driving mechanism;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the rotation of the control surface drive mechanism;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of the installation of the disengagement mechanism and the boosting mechanism.

In the figure: in the figure: 1-a fuselage; 2-an airfoil; 3-tail fin; 4-air propeller; 5, folding and unfolding the mechanism; 6, a boosting mechanism; 7-control surface driving mechanism; 8-a shedding mechanism; 9-sailing propeller; 101-right front hatch; 102-left front hatch; 103-a top mounting platform; 104-vertical fin mounting interface; 105-left horizontal tail mounting interface; 106-belly mount platform; 107-rear end bottom hatch; 108-installing an interface at the right horizontal tail; 109 — fuselage structure; 201 — left wing structure; 202-right wing structure; 203-left wing structure mounting hatch cover; 204-installing a hatch cover on a right wing structure; 205-left wing structure control surface; 206-right wing structure control surface; 207-wing folding interface; 301-right horizontal tail; 302-left horizontal tail; 303-vertical tail; 304-right horizontal tail control surface; 305 — left tailplane control surface; 306-vertical tail control surface; 501, a rotating shaft; 502-front limit pin; 503-locking pin connecting rod; 504-connecting rod tab; 505-a steering engine; 506-rear limit pin; 507, pulling and pressing the spring; 508-torsion spring; 601-high pressure bottle; 602-hanging a lug; 603, an electromagnetic valve; 701-control plane steering engine; 702-a steering gear drive gear; 703-control surface driven gear; 704 — a drive belt; 705-rudder surface; 706-a rotating shaft; 707-rotating the tip; 708-fixing the end; 801-slider 01; 802 — slide 02; 803 — slide 03; 804, hooking; 805-tie rod; 806-slide 04; 807-steering engine.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1-12, a water-air dual-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle includes 9 parts: the aircraft comprises an aircraft body, wings, a tail wing, an air propeller, a folding and unfolding mechanism, a boosting mechanism, a control surface driving mechanism, a shedding mechanism and a navigation propeller.

The aircraft body (1) is respectively provided with a front end mounting cabin cover and a rear end mounting cabin cover, and the air propeller (4) and the navigation propeller (9) are fixedly mounted on a mounting plate in the aircraft body (1) through the mounting cabin covers. The installation hatch cover is a detachable movable hatch cover, so that the installation and debugging work of parts is facilitated.

Folding deployment mechanism (5) pass through screw fixed mounting on the platform of fuselage (1) top intermediate position, and the screw fixation department should be located fuselage (1) inside roof beam frame, and the installation back should guarantee that the mechanism can operate in a flexible way. Meanwhile, the wings (2) are fixedly arranged on the folding and unfolding mechanism (5) through screws, and the locking function can be realized before and after folding.

The empennage (3) is fixedly arranged at the tail part of the machine body (1) in a clamping groove mode, and the installation, maintenance and debugging are convenient as the empennage of the machine body (1) is provided with an installation opening.

The control surface driving mechanism (7) is composed of a control surface steering gear (701), a steering gear driving gear (702), a control surface driven gear (703), a transmission belt (704), a control surface (705), a rotating shaft (706), a rotating end (707) and a fixed end (708) as shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11. The transmission mode of belt transmission ensures that the transmission mechanism occupies small structural space and is convenient to install (particularly installing a driving mechanism inside the wing). Meanwhile, the rotating shaft part of the control surface is divided into a rotating shaft (706), a rotating end (707) and a fixed end (708), so that the separated rotating shaft structure can enable the control surface to have the advantage of easy disassembly, and the control surface is convenient to replace and maintain.

When the underwater vehicle sails, the wing (2) is in a folded state, folded backwards by 60 degrees, compressed by a torsion spring (508) of a wing rotating shaft as shown in fig. 9, the wing is locked by limiting pins (502) and (506), the hook (804) is in a closed state, and the electromagnetic valve (603) is in a closed state.

When the water surface is reached, if the switch of the electromagnetic valve (603) is opened in the figure 1, the unmanned aerial vehicle can quickly accelerate water outlet; when water is discharged, the included angle between the airplane and the water surface is 10 degrees.

As shown in fig. 12, after water is discharged, the pull rod (805) is pulled by the steering engine (807) of the shedding mechanism (8), the sliding block 01 (801), the sliding block 02 (802), the sliding block 03 (803) and the sliding block 04 (806) are rotated, the hook (804) is rotated, the shedding mechanism (8) is in an open state, and the boosting mechanism (6) is shed by the self gravity. According to the folding and unfolding mechanism (5) shown in the figure 9, a steering engine (505) pulls a pull rod (503) to drive a front limiting pin (502) and a rear limiting pin (506) to move towards the inside of a machine body, the rear limiting pin (506) is separated from a wing (2), a rotating shaft torsion spring (508) rapidly bounces off the wing (2), after the wing (2) is unfolded, the steering engine (505) pushes the pull rod (503) to drive the front limiting pin (502) and the rear limiting pin (506) to move towards the outside of the machine body, the front limiting pin (502) and the rear limiting pin (506) are inserted into limiting holes reserved in the wing, and the wing (2) is fixed.

When the wings are folded, the unmanned aerial vehicle can sail underwater like a submarine, and after the wings are unfolded, the unmanned aerial vehicle can fly in the air.

The foregoing is merely a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art of unmanned aerial vehicles that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the intellectual property rights to be claimed in the present invention also include modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.