阅读说明：本技术 一种防治梨主要真菌病害的杀菌组合物及其应用 (Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating main fungal diseases of pears and application thereof ) 是由 赵延存 刘凤权 孙伟波 徐会永 李朝辉 贾艺凡 于 2019-12-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种防治梨主要真菌病害的杀菌组合物及其应用,该杀菌组合物以氟硅唑、吡唑嘧菌酯和壳聚糖季铵盐为主要成分,根据氟硅唑和吡唑嘧菌酯的不同作用机理,并结合壳聚糖季铵盐的诱导抗病性及成膜特性,辅以合适的辅料助剂,其中壳聚糖季铵盐成分质量占主要成分的50％,氟硅唑和吡唑嘧菌酯的质量比为1∶10～10∶1。该杀菌组合物在上述配比范围内表现协同增效作用,高效、低毒、广谱、持效期长、应用成本低,同时延缓了病原菌的抗药性,降低了化学杀菌剂使用量。该杀菌组合物可以用于防治梨主要真菌病害,尤其是梨黑斑病、梨黑星病、梨炭疽病、梨锈病、梨果实轮纹病等真菌病害,明显优于相应单剂和常规复配剂的防控效果。(The invention discloses a sterilization composition for preventing and treating main fungal diseases of pears and application thereof, wherein the sterilization composition takes flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt as main components, according to different action mechanisms of the flusilazole and the pyraclostrobin, and by combining the induced disease resistance and film forming characteristics of the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, a proper auxiliary material auxiliary agent is added, wherein the mass of the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt component accounts for 50% of the main components, and the mass ratio of the flusilazole to the pyraclostrobin is 1: 10-10: 1. The bactericidal composition shows a synergistic effect in the range of the mixture ratio, has high efficiency, low toxicity, broad spectrum, long duration and low application cost, and simultaneously delays the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and reduces the using amount of chemical bactericides. The bactericidal composition can be used for preventing and controlling main fungal diseases of pears, particularly the fungal diseases such as pear black spot, pear scab, pear anthracnose, pear rust, pear ring spot and the like, and is obviously superior to the prevention and control effects of corresponding single agents and conventional compound agents.)

1. The bactericidal composition is characterized by comprising the effective components of flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, wherein the mass of the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt accounts for 50% of the mass of the effective components.

2. The bactericidal composition containing flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of flusilazole to pyraclostrobin is 1: 10-10: 1.

3. The bactericidal composition containing flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of flusilazole to pyraclostrobin is 1: 3-4: 1, and most preferably 2: 1.

4. The bactericidal composition containing flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt in the bactericidal composition is 1-90%, preferably 5-70%, more preferably 10-50%, and most preferably 24-45%.

5. A compound bactericide preparation, which is characterized by comprising the bactericidal composition of claim 1 and auxiliary materials acceptable in the field of pesticide preparations to prepare one of water dispersible granules, wettable powder or suspending agents.

6. The bactericidal composition of any one of claims 1 to 4 or the compound bactericide preparation of claim 5 is applied to control of fungal diseases of crops, preferably to control of main fungal diseases of pears.

7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the main fungal diseases of pears are pear black spot, pear scab, pear anthracnose, pear rust, pear ring spot.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a bactericidal composition for preventing and treating main fungal diseases of pears and application thereof.

Background

The pear is the third fruit of apple and orange in China, the cultivation area is about 115 million hectares, the yield is over 1600 million tons, and the pear is the first fruit of the world. In the process of breeding and popularizing the pear varieties, the quality (including nutritive value, taste, appearance morphological characteristics and the like) is put at the head, and the disease resistance characteristics of the varieties are considered. In addition, the pear trees are perennial crops, so that the occurrence and damage of abundant pathogenic bacteria in the field, particularly fungal diseases such as pear black spot, pear anthracnose, pear ring spot, pear rust, pear scab and the like are increasingly serious, the tree vigor is declined, the yield is reduced, the commodity rate of the pear is greatly reduced, and huge economic loss is caused.

Due to the lack of high-quality broad-spectrum disease-resistant varieties, the prevention and the treatment of pear diseases mainly depend on chemical pesticides at present. However, the bactericide registered and applied on the pear at present mainly prevents pear scab, has a single target for prevention and treatment, and can not effectively cover the main fungal diseases harmful to the pear. The blind and excessive use of the bactericide registered in field crops or other fruit trees by fruit growers leads to unsatisfactory prevention effect and overproof pesticide residue, and seriously threatens the safety production of pears and the ecological environment health of pear gardens. Based on the existing bactericide and resistance inducer, the safe and efficient novel compound bactericide composition is developed, and is one of the ways for economically, quickly and efficiently developing novel green pesticides. Compared with a single bactericide and a conventional compound agent, the compound bactericidal composition can obviously improve the disease control effect, slow down the development of the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, expand the bactericidal spectrum, reduce the using dosage of chemical pesticides, reduce the pesticide residue in pear products, improve the ecological environment of the pear orchard and improve the comprehensive benefit of the pear orchard.

Flusilazole, the english name: (ii) a flusilazole; the molecular formula is as follows: c ₁₆H ₁₅F ₂N ₃Si; chemical name: bis (4-fluorophenyl) methyl (1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-ylmethylene) silane; belongs to triazole systemic bactericides, and sterol demethylation inhibitors can inhibit the hypha elongation of pathogenic bacteria, prevent the germ tube growth of the pathogenic bacteria, destroy and prevent the biosynthesis of ergosterol which is an important component of cell membranes of the pathogenic bacteria, cause the cell membranes to be incapable of forming and cause the pathogenic bacteria to die. The permeability is strong, and the protective and therapeutic effects are achieved; the bactericidal spectrum is wide, and the bactericidal composition can prevent and treat various diseases caused by ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and fungi imperfecti, such as scab, anthracnose, rust disease and the like. The general application concentration of flusilazole is 40-60mg/L, and the growth of fruit trees can be inhibited if the concentration is too high; in addition, resistance develops relatively rapidly.

Pyraclostrobin, english name: pyraclostrobin; the molecular formula is as follows: c ₁₉H ₁₈ClN ₃O ₄(ii) a Chemical name: n- {2- [1- (4-chlorophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yloxymethyl]Phenyl } -N-methoxy carbamic acid methyl ester; belongs to a novel broad-spectrum methoxyl acrylic ester bactericide, is a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, has the functions of protection, treatment and leaf penetration conduction, and can effectively prevent and treat various crop diseases caused by fungi of ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes and oomycetes. However, the medicament has a single action target, and pathogenic bacteria are easy to generate drug resistance after long-term use.

Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, english name: the chitosan derivative is prepared by chemically modifying chitosan, has good water solubility, film forming property, antibacterial property, cation adsorption property, moisture absorption and retention property and the like, can induce plant disease resistance, and is an excellent degradable biological auxiliary agent product. The chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and the bactericide are mixed, and intermolecular and intramolecular interaction generated by mixing can ensure that the bactericide is uniformly distributed in the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt matrix. In the practical application process of the mixed composition, a composite film can be formed on the surface of a crop, the bactericide can be continuously released to the surface of the crop from a film substrate, the continuous antibacterial activity and the induced disease resistance are provided, and the utilization efficiency and the lasting period of the bactericide are greatly improved.

The report of preventing and treating crop diseases by using a compound bactericide which takes flusilazole and pyraclostrobin as main active ingredients and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt as a film-forming slow-release auxiliary and an inducer is not found so far.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a novel, safe, efficient and long-lasting bactericidal composition containing flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt. The bactericidal composition can effectively prevent and control main fungal diseases of pears, particularly has good effect on preventing and controlling fungal diseases such as pear black spot, pear scab, pear anthracnose, pear rust, pear ring rot and the like, has long lasting period, and greatly reduces the application amount of pesticides.

The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical measures:

a bactericidal composition for preventing and treating main fungal diseases of pear comprises main components and adjuvants; the main components of the composition are flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, wherein the mass of the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt accounts for 50% of the mass of the main components, and the mass ratio of flusilazole to pyraclostrobin is 1: 10-10: 1. The inventor finds that within the range, the bactericide composition not only has better synergistic effect, but also has lower dosage and longer lasting period. Further, the mass ratio of flusilazole to pyraclostrobin in the main component is preferably 1: 3-4: 1; furthermore, the mass ratio of flusilazole to pyraclostrobin in the main component is preferably 2: 1.

The invention also provides a compound bactericide preparation.

The compound bactericide preparation provided by the invention is composed of main components containing flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and auxiliary materials acceptable in the field of pesticide preparations, and the dosage form of the bactericide composition is one of water dispersible granules, wettable powder and suspending agents.

In the compound bactericide, flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt account for 1-90% of the composition by weight. Preferably 5% to 70%, more preferably 10% to 50%, most preferably 24% to 45%.

The auxiliary materials include but are not limited to wetting agents, dispersing agents, spreading agents, stabilizing agents, penetrating agents, thickening agents, antifreezing agents, defoaming agents, fillers and solvents; wherein, the wetting agent can be one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, lignosulfonate, alkylphenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol sulfate, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; the dispersant can be one or more of lignosulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkyl ethyl sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate and polycarboxylate; the stabilizer can be one or more of epoxidized vegetable oil such as epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil; the spreader can be one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acid sodium, polytrisiloxane and triethanolamine oleate; the penetrating agent can be one or more of azone, polyethylene glycol acid alkyl ether and agricultural organic silicon; the thickener can be xanthan gum, guar gum, diutan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, acrylic polymer, starch derivative, polysaccharide, etc.; the antifreezing agent can be polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and the like; the defoaming agent can be one or more of polydimethoxyalkane, DF-830/831/832, Dow Corning 3150 and mineral oil; the solvent can be one or more of soybean oil, methyl oleate, white oil, turpentine and methyl naphthalene higher fatty hydrocarbon oil; the filler can be one or more of white carbon black, corn starch, kaolin, diatomite, sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate.

The invention also provides application of the bactericidal composition in preventing and treating crop fungal diseases, in particular application in preventing and treating pear fungal diseases. The pear fungal diseases can be pear black spot, pear scab, pear anthracnose, pear rust, pear ring rot and the like.

The production process of various application formulations of the sterilization composition containing flusilazole, pyraclostrobin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt belongs to the prior known technology.

The bactericidal composition containing the flusilazole, the pyraclostrobin and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and the compound bactericide thereof provided by the invention are usually used by a spraying method, and other application technologies applied in agriculture can also be adopted according to needs.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to different action mechanisms of flusilazole and pyraclostrobin, the induced disease resistance and the film forming property of the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt are combined, the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is perfectly combined, a proper auxiliary material auxiliary agent is supplemented, the most proper formula is found for preventing and treating the main fungal disease of the pears, and compared with a single agent and a conventional compound combination of flusilazole and pyraclostrobin, the bactericidal composition has the following advantages: a) the composition has obvious synergistic effect, overcomes or delays the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, prolongs the market life of the medicament, has higher bacteriostatic activity on drug-resistant strains, enlarges the disease prevention spectrum and obviously improves the prevention and treatment effect; b) in the practical application process, the bactericidal composition can form a composite film on the surface of crops, and the bactericide can be continuously released to the surface of the crops from a film substrate, so that the continuous antibacterial activity and the induced disease resistance are provided, and the utilization efficiency and the lasting period of the bactericide are greatly improved; c) the dosage of the bactericide is reduced, the times of medication are reduced, the medication cost is saved, the pollution of pesticide to the ecological environment of the pear orchard is reduced, and the quality and the safety of pears are improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

Unless otherwise specified, all technical methods used in the following examples are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the test materials used in the following examples are all conventional reagent materials; in the following examples, all percentages are by mass unless otherwise specified.

The following examples are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are only for describing the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.