阅读说明：本技术 一种提高茶树储藏氮素的叶面肥施用方法 (Foliar fertilizer application method for improving tea tree storage nitrogen ) 是由 刘美雅 张群峰 倪康 石元值 马立峰 伊晓云 汤丹丹 阮建云 于 2019-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种提高茶树储藏氮素的叶面肥的制备方法,将螺旋藻干粉复水后提取,胶体磨,均质,离心分离,调节溶液pH沉淀蛋白质,过滤,固体为螺旋藻蛋白质,加NaOH中和,蛋白质复溶,加入蛋白酶酶解,灭酶,得到氨基酸溶液,为提高茶树储藏氮素的叶面肥。本发明方法制备的叶面肥和传统茶园常用的植物生长素叶面肥相比,氨基酸叶面肥在提供营养的同时又不破坏茶树自身生长状态。通过补充树体叶面营养,减少土壤肥料施用量,达到减肥增效的目的,土壤氮肥减施25%(或有机体替代25%)的情况下,叶面肥可补充这部分树体营养,有利于茶叶产量和品质的提升。(The invention provides a preparation method of a foliar fertilizer for improving tea tree storage nitrogen, which comprises the steps of rehydrating spirulina dry powder, extracting, colloid milling, homogenizing, centrifugally separating, adjusting the pH of the solution, precipitating protein, filtering, adding NaOH to neutralize the solid spirulina protein, redissolving the protein, adding protease to carry out enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain an amino acid solution, thereby improving the tea tree storage nitrogen of the foliar fertilizer. Compared with the conventional plant growth element foliar fertilizer commonly used in tea gardens, the foliar fertilizer prepared by the method of the invention provides nutrition and does not damage the growth state of tea trees. The fertilizer can supplement the nutrition of the tree body by supplementing the nutrition of the tree body and the leaf surface, reduce the application amount of the soil fertilizer and achieve the purpose of losing weight and improving efficiency, and under the condition that the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the soil by 25 percent (or the organism replaces 25 percent), the leaf surface fertilizer can supplement the nutrition of the tree body, thereby being beneficial to improving the yield and the quality of the tea.)

1. A foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of tea trees is characterized in that a nitrogenous amino acid type foliar fertilizer is adopted and sprayed before young shoots of the tea trees germinate in autumn and winter in non-production seasons and early spring.

2. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amino acid type foliar fertilizer is: rehydrating Spirulina dry powder, extracting, colloid milling, homogenizing, centrifuging, adjusting pH of solution to precipitate protein, filtering to obtain solid Spirulina protein, adding NaOH for neutralization, redissolving protein, adding protease for enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain amino acid solution, which is used as foliar fertilizer for increasing storage nitrogen of tea tree.

3. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying times are as follows: spraying for 2 times at 2-week intervals; the spraying time is as follows: no rain weather, morning 9: 00-11:00, 16:00-19:00 in the afternoon; the spraying mode is as follows: spraying the leaf back; the spraying and fertilizing amount is 500 ml/mu.

4. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving storage nitrogen of tea trees according to claim 2, wherein the helix is Spirulina platensis, Spirulina maxima or Spirulina indiae.

5. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees as claimed in claim 2, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1. wall-breaking solubilization of proteins: mixing Spirulina dry powder with water at a certain ratio, rehydrating, heating under stirring, adding sodium carbonate to adjust pH, finely grinding with colloid mill at 50-70 deg.C and 300kg/cm ²Homogenizing;

s2, impurity removal: precipitating the homogeneous liquid obtained in the step S1 for 3-5h, and then performing centrifugal separation to remove solid impurities;

s3. precipitated protein: adding HCl solution into the liquid in the step S2, adjusting the pH to about 4.5 to generate a large amount of protein precipitate, filtering, and collecting solid;

s4, redissolution: adding the solid obtained in the step S3 into a NaOH solution, and redissolving the protein;

s5, enzymolysis: and (4) adding alkaline protease into the protein solution obtained in the step (S4), carrying out enzymolysis for 1h, and then inactivating the enzyme to obtain an amino acid solution, wherein the amino acid content is more than or equal to 100g/L in order to improve the leaf fertilizer of the tea tree storage nitrogen.

6. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium carbonate in the step S1 is 0.2-0.5wt%, the pH is adjusted to 9-10, the homogenization time is 2-5min, and the mass ratio of the spirulina dry powder to the water is 1: (50-100), the heating temperature is 50-70 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500-700 r/min.

7. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees as claimed in claim 5, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed in the step S2 is 3000-5000 r/min.

8. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees as claimed in claim 5, wherein the substance amount concentration of the HCl solution in the step S3 is 1-2 mol/L.

9. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pH of the NaOH solution in the step S4 is 9-10.

10. The foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees as claimed in claim 5, wherein the enzyme activity of the alkaline protease in the step S5 is 100U/L, the enzyme deactivation temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 10 atmospheric pressures.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of foliar fertilizers, and in particular relates to a foliar fertilizer for improving the storage nitrogen of tea trees and an application method thereof.

Background

The plant leaves and roots can absorb and utilize external nutrients, and the absorption of the plant leaves and roots to nutrient elements is mainly carried out through active absorption of leaf surface pores, epidermis hydrophilic pores and intercellular desmodium. Therefore, leaves are the most important external root nutritive organs of plants, and foliar nutrition means that plants absorb and utilize various nutrients through the surfaces of the leaves. While tea tree is a typical leaf crop, mineral nutrition, especially nitrogen nutrition plays an important role in growth and development, physiological and biochemical metabolic processes and formation of tea quality (taste, aroma and the like). In order to improve the tea yield, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in tea gardens is increased year by year, so that excessive fertilization brings serious problems of ecological environment, agricultural non-point source pollution and the like. The research on the utilization mechanism of nitrogen nutrition of tea trees is a scientific basis for applying nitrogen fertilizer in tea gardens, and is beneficial to guiding the fertilization of the tea gardens to achieve the purposes of losing weight and improving efficiency. The tea plant takes tender bud leaves as picking objects, and mature leaves can convey a large amount of nutrient substances including a large amount of nitrogen-containing compounds to the tea plant to form a source-reservoir relation. Therefore, the improvement of the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen in the tea trees not only focuses on the absorption and assimilation of the nitrogen in the soil by the root systems of the tea trees, but also focuses on the recycling process of the nitrogen (storage nitrogen) in mature leaves.

Researches show that about 70% of nitrogen in spring tea in the germination period comes from the reutilization of nitrogen in tea trees, and the nitrogen recycling of mature leaves is the key for ensuring the nutrient requirement of tea buds. By spraying the foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter, the storage nutrients in mature leaves of tea trees are enhanced, and the germination of spring tea and the improvement of yield and quality can be ensured.

The spirulina belongs to the blue algae, contains various nutrient components, has the functions of nutrition and medical care, and is praised by world grain and agriculture organizations as the most ideal and perfect food for human in the 21 st century. The spirulina is most abundant in protein content, is twice as much as soybean protein, and is the highest protein content in the plants known at present. It is composed of 18 kinds of amino acids, and its amino acid content is rich. Because of heavy metal enrichment events of spirulina, spirulina gradually leaves the visual field of people, but the development of the spirulina into amino acid foliar fertilizer is also a good development and application mode of the spirulina.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of tea trees, which is to spray an amino acid foliar fertilizer on the surface of tea trees before the young shoots of the tea trees germinate in autumn and winter. The method can supplement the nutrition of the tea tree under the nitrogen fertilizer reduction mode in the tea garden, and is beneficial to the improvement of the yield and the quality of the spring tea; meanwhile, the method is different from the traditional method of spraying the foliar fertilizer in the picking period of spring tea or summer tea, and is not beneficial to the production of high-quality tea.

The invention provides a preparation method of a foliar fertilizer for improving the storage nitrogen of tea trees, which comprises the steps of rehydrating spirulina dry powder, extracting, colloid milling, homogenizing, centrifugally separating, adjusting the pH of the solution, precipitating protein, filtering, adding NaOH to neutralize the solid spirulina protein, redissolving the protein, adding protease to carry out enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain an amino acid solution, thereby improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees.

As a further improvement of the invention, the spiral is Spirulina platensis, Spirulina maxima or Spirulina indiae.

As a further improvement of the invention, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, wall breaking and dissolving of protein: mixing Spirulina dry powder with water at a certain ratio, rehydrating, heating under stirring, adding sodium carbonate to adjust pH, finely grinding with colloid mill at 50-70 deg.C and 300kg/cm ²Homogenizing;

s2, impurity removal: precipitating the homogeneous liquid obtained in the step S1 for 3-5h, and then performing centrifugal separation to remove solid impurities;

s3. precipitated protein: adding HCl solution into the liquid in the step S2, adjusting the pH to about 4.5 to generate a large amount of protein precipitate, filtering, and collecting solid;

s4, redissolution: adding the solid obtained in the step S3 into a NaOH solution, and redissolving the protein;

s5, enzymolysis: and (4) adding alkaline protease into the protein solution obtained in the step (S4), carrying out enzymolysis for 1h, and then inactivating the enzyme to obtain an amino acid solution, wherein the amino acid content is more than or equal to 100g/L in order to improve the leaf fertilizer of the tea tree storage nitrogen.

As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S1, the mass fraction of the sodium carbonate is 0.2-0.5wt%, the pH is adjusted to 9-10, the homogenization time is 2-5min, and the mass ratio of the spirulina dry powder to the water is 1: (50-100), the heating temperature is 50-70 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500-700 r/min.

As a further improvement of the invention, the centrifugal rotation speed in step S2 is 3000-5000 r/min.

As a further improvement of the invention, the substance concentration of the HCl solution in step S3 is 1-2 mol/L.

As a further improvement of the invention, the pH of the NaOH solution in step S4 is 9-10.

As a further improvement of the invention, the enzyme activity of the alkaline protease in the step S5 is 100U/L, the enzyme inactivating temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 10 atmospheric pressures.

The invention further protects the foliar fertilizer prepared by the preparation method and used for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees.

The invention further provides a foliar fertilizer application method for improving the storage nitrogen of tea trees, the foliar fertilizer for improving the storage nitrogen of the tea trees is applied for fertilization, and the non-production season of the tea trees in autumn and winter is october 1-15 days; 15-30 days before the young sprout of the early spring tea tree.

As a further improvement of the invention, the spraying times are as follows: spraying for 2 times at 2-week intervals.

As a further improvement of the invention, the spraying time is as follows: no rain weather, morning 9: 00-11:00, 16:00-19:00 in the afternoon.

As a further improvement of the invention, the spraying mode is as follows: spraying on the leaf back.

As a further improvement of the invention, the fertilizing amount is 500 ml/mu.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the leaf fertilizer for improving the tea tree storage nitrogen is obtained by extracting the spiral protein by a simple and efficient method and performing enzymolysis on the spiral protein into the amino acid solution, the amino acid content of the leaf fertilizer is rich, the spirulina is effectively utilized, the tea leaf fertilizer is prepared, and the tea tree storage nitrogen can be obviously improved;

compared with the conventional plant growth element foliar fertilizer commonly used in tea gardens, the foliar fertilizer prepared by the method of the invention provides nutrition and does not damage the growth state of tea trees. The fertilizer can supplement the nutrition of the tree body by supplementing the nutrition of the tree body and the leaf surface, reduce the application amount of the soil fertilizer and achieve the purpose of losing weight and improving efficiency, and under the condition that the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the soil by 25 percent (or the organism replaces 25 percent), the leaf surface fertilizer can supplement the nutrition of the tree body, thereby being beneficial to improving the yield and the quality of the tea.

The fertilizing method can improve the storage nutrition of the leaf surfaces of the tea trees in the dormancy stage of the tea trees and before the tea trees germinate, has no residue problem, and ensures the quality of the tea.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the spring tea yield, the germination density, the bud weight and the nitrogen content of mature leaves of Shaoxing Yulong tea farm in Zhejiang province after different foliar fertilizers are sprayed;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the analysis of the amino acid and tea polyphenol content in spring tea young sprout of Shaoxing Yulong tea farm in Zhejiang province in example 4;

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the total nitrogen and total carbon contents in mature leaves after different foliar fertilizers in Wuyuan tea farms in Jiangxi in example 4 are sprayed;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the analysis of amino acids, total amounts of tea polyphenols and phenol-ammonia ratios of new tea shoots of spring tea after spraying of different foliar fertilizers in Wuyuan tea farms in Jiangxi in example 4;

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the total nitrogen and total carbon contents of the mature leaves after the foliar fertilizer of the autumn and winter of example 5 is sprayed;

FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the spring tea yield, the germination density and the bud weight after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in autumn and winter in example 5;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the analysis of the ratio of amino acids, total tea polyphenols and phenol to ammonia in spring tea after foliar fertilizers are sprayed in autumn and winter in example 5;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of foliar fertilizer application on the quality of spring tea in the comprehensive demonstration point weight loss mode in Zhejiang province in example 6;

FIG. 9 is a graph of the yield of spring tea after foliar fertilizer spraying in the Fujian Wuyi mountain weight reduction mode in example 6;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the comparison of the quality of spring tea after foliar fertilizer application in the Fujian Wuyi mountain weight reduction mode in example 6;

FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the yield, germination density, and weight of sprouts of spring tea after foliar fertilizer application in Wuyuan weight loss mode in Jiangxi of example 6;

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of foliar fertilizer application on spring tea germination density, bud weight and yield in the Chongqing diet mode of example 6;

fig. 13 is a graph showing the effect of foliar fertilizer application on the quality of spring tea in the Chongqing weight loss mode of example 6.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described are only some representative embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.