Rotary glasses (optional)
阅读说明：本技术 一种旋转眼镜（选配） (Rotary glasses (optional) ) 是由 阿列克谢伊·列奥尼多维奇·乌沙科夫 于 2018-04-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：具有两个前镜架的旋转眼镜：在使用者的头部上安装有鼻梁和眼镜固定装置的固定镜架,以及包含光学元件的可移动镜架,该光学元件被设计为放置在使用者眼前的工作位置,同时可移动框架通过多连杆机构安装于可移动框架上,可相对于固定框架提升,并通过在所有位置上均存在铰链同时绕其纵向轴线旋转到上述的框架。本发明可以用在具有屈光度的眼镜中,特别是在老花镜中,以及在包括太阳镜在内的各种类型的护眼眼镜中,并允许将眼镜提起到额头上,而无需卸下眼镜观察一下两个透镜以及没有透镜的情况,提升装有透镜的可移动框架时,可以避免透镜与前额内侧的接触,从而避免了镜片污染。(Rotating eyeglasses with two front frames: a fixed frame with nose bridge and eyeglass fixing means mounted on the user's head, and a movable frame containing optical elements designed to be placed in an operative position in front of the user's eyes, while the movable frame is mounted on the movable frame by means of a multi-link mechanism, can be lifted with respect to the fixed frame, and is rotated to said frame simultaneously about its longitudinal axis by the presence of hinges in all positions. The invention can be used in spectacles with diopter, in particular in presbyopic glasses, and in eye-protection spectacles of various types, including sunglasses, and allows the spectacles to be lifted up onto the forehead without having to remove the spectacles to see both lenses and without them, avoiding the contact of the lenses with the inside of the forehead and thus the contamination of the lenses when lifting the movable frame with the lenses.)
1. A rotatable eyewear, comprising:
a fixed frame with left and right side ends,
a nose bridge substantially equidistant from the lateral ends of the frame,
right and left temples are respectively attached to the left and right side ends of the fixed frame,
a movable frame having left and right ends including at least two optical elements,
left and right levers, each having a distal end and a proximal end,
proximal ends of the left and right levers may be respectively hinge-connected to the left and right lateral ends of the fixed frame, and distal ends of the left and right levers may be respectively hinge-connected to the left and right lateral ends of the movable frame when their distal ends are engaged, the hinge allowing the rod to rotate substantially in a sagittal plane.
2. The eyeglasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the joint of the lever to the lateral end of the fixed frame is located at a distance of at most 20mm perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the eye.
3. The eyeglasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the joint of said lever to said lateral end of said fixed frame is located above the horizontal axis of the eye.
4. The eyeglasses of claim 1, further comprising at least one means for securing said movable frame in a position.
5. The eyeglasses in claim 1, wherein the optical elements are optical lenses.
6. The eyewear of claim 1, wherein the optical elements are safety eyewear.
7. The eyewear of claim 1, wherein the optical element is a display for transmitting visual information to a user.
8. The eyeglasses of claim 1, wherein the movable frame is configured to adjust the interpupillary distance of the optical elements.
9. The eyewear of claim 1 wherein the fixed frame further comprises an optical element opposite the user's eyes.
10. The eyeglasses of claim 1 further comprising at least two left and right tubular covers, each tubular cover being made in such a way that in the operative position of the eyeglasses, the left and right covers are respectively worn on the left and right levers to protect them from damage and contamination when the covers in the inoperative position of the eyeglasses are pulled over the optical elements.
11. A rotatable eyewear, comprising:
a fixed frame with left and right side ends,
a nose bridge substantially equidistant from the lateral ends of the frame,
a movable frame having left and right ends including at least two optical elements,
an upper left lever and a lower left lever,
upper right and lower right levers, wherein
Each lever has a distal end and a proximal end,
proximal ends of the left and right levers are spaced apart from each other along a vertical axis, the left and right levers are respectively hinged to the left and right side ends of the fixed frame, and distal ends of the levers are spaced apart from each other vertically from the left and right levers, and the shafts are respectively hinged to the left and right side ends of the movable frame, wherein the right and left rods and distal ends of the movable and fixed frames to which the hinged portions of the left and right rods are connected together form a flat four-bar linkage whose plane is substantially sagittal.
12. The eyeglasses in claim 11, wherein the distance between the joints of the upper and lower levers on each side of the movable frame is no greater than 20 mm.
13. The eyeglasses according to claim 11, wherein the difference in the inclination angle of the ends of the segments at the interface with the upper and lower levers on each side of the movable frame at the uppermost and lowermost positions of the movable frame with respect to the front surface is 10-25 degrees.
14. The eyewear of claim 11 wherein said optical elements are in the form of optical lenses.
15. The eyewear of claim 11 wherein the optical elements are in the form of safety eyewear.
16. The eyewear of claim 11 wherein said optical element is in the form of a display for transmitting visual information to the user.
17. The eyewear of claim 11 wherein the aforementioned movable frame is configured to adjust the interpupillary distance of the optical elements.
18. The eyeglasses in claim 11 wherein the frame further comprises an optical element positioned opposite the user's eyes.
19. The eyewear of claim 11, further comprising a string attached at its end to said proximal end of said temple.
20. The eyeglasses of claim 11, further comprising at least two left and right tubular leg cuffs each manufactured in such a way that, in the operative position of the eyeglasses, the left and right leg cuffs are pulled over the left and right levers, thereby protecting the leg cuffs in the inoperative position of the eyeglasses from damage and contamination when they are pulled over the optical elements.
21. The eyeglasses of claim 11, further comprising at least two left and right tubular sleeves, each of which is configured so that in an operative position of the eyeglasses, when the left and right sleeves are respectively worn on the left and right temples, the left and right sleeves are respectively pulled over the left and right temples, and in an inoperative position of the eyeglasses, the sleeves are pulled over the optical elements to protect them from damage and contamination.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to optics, and more particularly to eyewear.
Background
When a person suffering from presbyopia focuses his or her eyes at near distances using a myopic lens, no corrective lens is required for the rest of the time unless they have other visual impairments, and therefore they have to frequently take off or put on the glasses, which is very inconvenient. The same happens in the case where any goggles (e.g. sunglasses) must be worn. The use of bifocal or progressive lenses in spectacle frames may partially solve the problems indicated for glasses with far vision, but reduce the range of near and far vision. In color changing glasses, the change in light transmission from transparent to dark and vice versa does not occur immediately, but rather waits for some time (from 1 to 15 minutes). In addition, even in the case of maximum light transmittance, the photochromic lens has much lower transparency to light radiation in the visible range (about 0.80) as compared with an optical lens of the same thickness (0.99 to 0.95).
There are known spectacles in which a second flat frame in the form of a foldable visor is fixed by means of sleeves and shafts on the upper horizontal plane of the first flat frame (US 20120924068). Two supported spring loaded cams mounted on the shaft or sleeve interact with their faces to hold the second frame in a lower or upper position relative to the first frame. In these spectacles it is not possible to adjust the angle between the optical axis of the spectacle lens and the visual axis of the eye. Spectacles with folding glasses or lenses made in the form of sun visors can detract from the appearance of the user, since in the upper position the lenses can deviate significantly from the forehead contour. In such spectacles, only one (lower) position of the spectacles (lenses) is provided, in which the visual axis of the eye passes through the surface of the lens, so that the user can see through the spectacle lenses (lenses) without strain. It is meant that the inner plane of the rotating spectacle lens (lens) has the necessary angle with respect to the visual axis of the eye only in the lower, fully lowered position of the spectacle lens (lens). At any even small angle of rotation of the spectacle lens (lens), the angle varies greatly so as to be invisible through the spectacle lens (lens).
Also known are frames with moving eyeglasses (RF patent No. 2146062), but in one embodiment the invention is absolutely similar to the eyeglasses described in application US 20120924068, and in another embodiment the movable frame with the lenses mounted thereon can be moved up and down by sliding along vertical guides mounted on the fixed frame, causing the moving frame to warp and jam. No frame is provided for rotation of the frame along its longitudinal axis.
There are known spectacles comprising an additional lifting frame acting as a sun blind, which can be raised and lowered, since its ends can be connected with hinges to the ends of the supporting frame of the spectacles (US 6767095B 1). Not provided, the lifting frame can additionally be rotated along its longitudinal axis, so that, during lifting, the upper edge of the frame lies on the forehead of the user, so that the designated lifting frame can only be used as a sun blind, wherein no optical elements are provided, since the scalp can be contaminated when the frame is lifted.
Thus, so far, no permanently worn eyeglasses have been produced that can be comfortably used in several working positions, when the lenses or other optical elements are opposite (first working position) or under the eyes of the user (second working position) and in the rest position, when the eyeglasses, the lenses or other optical elements are not removed and do not fall within the field of vision of the user, but at the same time do not touch the skin or hair of the head, while maintaining an acceptable appearance for the user, and slightly different from normal eyeglasses in the operative and inoperative positions.
Disclosure of Invention
Unless the context indicates otherwise, expressions indicating directions or directions (e.g., up, down, forward, backward, right, left) are understood with respect to the head of a person in an upright position with the eyes in the dominant position, i.e., with the line of sight directed at objects level with the eyes, with the head straight, without rotation and tilting.
To describe the position of the eye relative to the user's head, the following expressions known to experts in the field of ophthalmology are used, which may have other meanings than the commonly accepted ones:
the anatomical (sagittal) axis of the eye refers to the line connecting its two poles;
the center of rotation of the eye refers to a point located near the center of the sagittal axis;
the vertical axis refers to the line passing through the center of rotation of the eye on the anatomical axis and perpendicular to this axis;
the horizontal (transverse) axis refers to a line perpendicular to the vertical and sagittal axes.
The invention is a method for creating a rotating spectacle comprising two movable and fixed frames, in which you can lift a movable frame containing an optical element while rotating it around its longitudinal axis, thus adjusting the angle between the plane of the spectacle lens (lens) and the visual axis of the eye, thus providing several positions (lower and middle) of the optical element relative to the eye when lifting the movable frame, in which the lens can be used by lowering or raising the eye. If both the fixed frame and the movable frame contain optical elements, an additional effect can be obtained when the lenses are combined with each other when the movable frame is lowered. For example, for presbyopia, when two positive lenses are in front of the eyes of one user at the same time, myopia correction can be performed by lowering the movable frame, thereby improving the effect. In the correction of the intermediate vision zone, the visual axis of the user's eyes can only pass through one lens placed on the fixed frame when the movable frame is lifted. When looking at the distance, the user lifts the movable frame as high as possible, looking above the lenses on the fixed frame. If the movable frame contains displays as optical elements and the movable frame contains lenses for additional accommodation of these displays, the user can look up when the movable frame is lifted, reading some information from displays that do not require high resolution (directional arrows, speed digital speedometers, etc.). Images requiring high resolution can be displayed when the movable frame is lowered as much as possible so that there is a positive lens mounted on the fixed frame between the display and the user's eye. If these displays are made transparent or translucent, it is advisable to equip them with photochromic ophthalmic lenses.
In the upper position of the movable frame, the optical element should be parallel to the forehead of the user, not to be retracted to a position away from the head surface, and not to touch the forehead skin, so as to avoid contamination of the optical element, the spectacle lens (lens).
This problem can be solved by creating rotating glasses that contain:
a fixed frame having left and right side ends,
a nose bridge connected at substantially equal distances from the lateral ends of the frame,
right and left arms are respectively connected to the left and right side ends of the fixed frame,
a movable frame having left and right ends and containing at least two optical elements,
left and right levers, each having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein
Proximal ends of the left and right levers are respectively hingedly connected to the left and right side ends of the fixed frame, and distal ends of the left and right levers are respectively hingedly connected to the left and right side ends of the movable frame. The articulation allows the rod to rotate substantially in the sagittal plane.
Suitably the articulation of the lever with the lateral end of the fixed frame is at a distance of at most 20mm perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the eye.
Preferably the joint of the lever to the lateral end of the fixed frame is located above the horizontal axis of the eye.
Advantageously, the eyeglasses further comprise at least one means for fixing said movable frame in a position.
Suitably, the optical element is made in the form of an optical lens, a protective spectacle lens or a display to convey visual information to the user.
It is appropriate to have the movable frame with the possibility of adjusting the interpupillary distance of the optical element.
Advantageously the fixed frame also contains optical elements placed opposite the eyes of the user.
In a preferred embodiment, the eyeglasses may further comprise at least two left and right tubular foot sleeves, each designed in such a way that, in the operative position of the eyeglasses, the left and right foot sleeves are respectively worn on the left and right levers, while, when said foot sleeves in the inoperative position of the eyeglasses are pulled onto the above-mentioned optical elements, they are protected from damage and contamination.
Furthermore, this task can be solved by creating rotating glasses containing:
a fixed frame with left and right side ends,
a nose connected to the fixed frame, substantially at equal distances from its lateral ends,
a movable frame having left and right ends including at least two optical elements,
an upper left lever and a lower left lever,
upper right and lower right levers, wherein
Each lever has a distal end and a proximal end,
proximal ends of the left and right levers are spaced apart from each other along a vertical axis, the left and right levers are hingedly connected to the left and right lateral ends of the fixed frame, respectively, and distal ends of the left and right levers are hingedly connected to the left and right lateral ends of the movable frame, respectively, at a vertical distance from each other, wherein the right and left levers and the mutually hinged portions of the lateral ends of the movable and fixed frames to which the left and right levers are connected together form a flat four-bar linkage mechanism whose plane is substantially sagittal.
It is advantageous that the distance between the points of engagement of the above-mentioned upper and lower levers on each side of the above-mentioned movable frame is not more than 20 mm.
Also, it is advantageous that the difference between the inclination angle of the segment at the end of the junction of the upper and lower levers on each side end of the movable frame and the inclination angle of the front plane at the uppermost and lowermost positions of the movable frame is 10 to 25 degrees.
Suitably, the optical element is made in the form of an optical lens, a protective spectacle lens or a display to convey visual information to the user.
It is appropriate to have the movable frame with the possibility of adjusting the interpupillary distance of the optical element.
Advantageously the fixed frame also contains optical elements placed opposite the eyes of the user.
Advantageously, the rotatable eyeglasses further comprise a string attached at its end to said proximal end of the temple.
In a preferred embodiment, the eyeglasses may further comprise at least two left and right tubular foot sleeves, each designed in such a way that, in the operative position of the eyeglasses, the left and right foot sleeves are respectively worn on the left and right levers, while, when said foot sleeves in the inoperative position of the eyeglasses are pulled onto the above-mentioned optical elements, they are protected from damage and contamination.
In another preferred embodiment, the eyeglasses may further comprise at least two left and right tubular foot sleeves, each designed so that in the operative position of the eyeglasses the left and right foot sleeves are worn on said left and right temples while said foot sleeves in the inoperative position of the eyeglasses are pulled over said optical elements to protect them from damage and contamination.
Drawings
The invention uses the description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings as references, in which:
FIG. 1 shows an overall view of rotating eyeglasses according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of eyewear having two leverage mechanisms in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a lever mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows eyeglasses worn by a user in an operative position, wherein the main parameters for the design of the eyeglasses are specified, in accordance with the present invention;
figures 5, 6 show the spectacles in the uppermost position worn by a user according to the invention;
figures 7, 8 show spectacles worn by a user in a neutral position according to the invention;
FIG. 9 shows the eyeglasses worn by a user in a bottom-most position in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows eyeglasses worn by a user in an unadjusted upper position in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 11 shows a model of a user's head with a sagittal section of the eye, according to the invention;
figures 12, 13 show two extreme positions of the lens according to the invention on a model of the head of a user;
FIG. 14 shows a mathematical model for calculating the rotation angle of a lens according to the present invention;
fig. 15 shows a schematic diagram for counting four lever mechanisms according to the invention.
FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of four lever mechanisms obtained by mathematical modeling in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 17 shows a schematic model for a refined calculation of four leverage elements according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of rotating eyeglasses with sunglasses according to the present invention;
19, 20, 21, 22 show an embodiment of glasses in the form of smart glasses with two displays according to the invention;
23, 24, 25 show a preferred embodiment of eyeglasses having four levers in accordance with the present invention;
figures 26, 27 show an embodiment of spectacles according to the invention fixed to a frame in a lower position of the user;
figures 28, 29, 30, 31 show an embodiment of eyeglasses with a fixed frame according to the invention in a lower position on the user;
figures 32, 33 show spectacles according to the invention additionally comprising two foot sleeves;
fig. 34 shows the design of the spectacles according to the invention.
These images are schematic and thus show details that are important to the intermediate level experts eligible to use the invention, omitting less important details.
Detailed Description
The rotating eyeglasses (figures 1, 2, 3) comprise a fixed
Fig. 3 shows in detail the connection of the movable frame and the fixed frame by means of levers in an embodiment, in which the
The invention proposed in this application allows a distant person to have a good field of vision near the middle or lower position of the moving frame when the lens is in front of or slightly below the eye. At the same time, the necessary vertex distance and panoramic angle can be observed. Fig. 4 shows the glasses worn by the user in the working position according to the invention, wherein the main parameters for the design of the glasses are specified: center of rotation 11 of the eye, visual axis 12, sagittal axis 13, vertex distance (distance of the eye-ward lens surface from top to back of the eyeball) 14, panoramic angle 15.
When the frames are rotated using a double lever mechanism, each lever is connected to each frame by a hinge, and the hinge joints connecting the distal ends of the left and right levers to the sides of the moving frame (left and right, respectively) allow the panoramic angle to be adjusted according to anatomical features and the user's preference, and when the movable frame is lifted, the designated hinge allows you to place the lenses of the glasses parallel to the forehead surface and at a sufficient distance therefrom to avoid skin contact or fouling the inner surface of the lenses. This is possible because the movable frame can not only be raised and lowered in a vertical plane but also rotated along its longitudinal axis due to the presence of the articulated multi-link by means of which it is connected with the fixed frame of the eyeglasses.
It is known that in spectacles for vision correction, when selecting a frame and evaluating its fit on the face, the position of the lens in front of the eye must be taken into account, and a number of parameters must be observed, taken into account and measured. The standard parameters are as follows: the vertex distance is 12-15 mm, the panoramic angle is 8-12 degrees, and the bending angle of the frame is 4-5 degrees. Unfortunately, while the function of glasses used for myopic and hyperopic people is often different, sometimes these common parameters are used for glasses with positive and negative lenses. In most cases, when focusing at close range using a positive lens, the user will lean down, e.g., sit at a table. At the same time, he simultaneously lowers his head (about 15 degrees from horizontal) and lowers his eyes by about 15 degrees in the vertical plane. Also, if head tilt is not a concern when designing eyeglasses, a downward eye tilt angle increases the angle between the optical axis of the lens and the visual axis of the eye. However, when selecting a frame, considering the panoramic angle, the angle is almost always taken as the angle between the optical axis of the spectacle lens and the visual axis of the eye in the initial position (gaze pointing horizontally, straight). As in the above case, when lowering the eye in the vertical direction, in order to keep the angle between the optical axis of the spectacle lens and the visual axis of the eye constant, the angle between the optical axis of the spectacle lens and the horizontal line should be larger (naturally, the visual axis and the visual eye axis are horizontal). Calculations show that the angle should be about 15-25 degrees when the visual axis of the eye is close to the horizon (i.e., the standard angle measured for any kind of glasses is slightly larger than 8-12 degrees).
In addition, for the selection of presbyopic glasses, the interpupillary distance is smaller than that of the myopic glasses. Further, in order to correct presbyopia, it is not necessary to use a lens that can provide a wide visual field, and therefore, glasses can be manufactured with a small lens size. Enough lenses measure 3-4 cm horizontally and 2 cm vertically. In view of these circumstances, a rotary eyeglass with a movable frame is proposed, which does not greatly distort the appearance of the user, but allows such eyeglasses to be worn continuously, and the position of the movable frame to be changed as needed. If a lens of smaller height is used, the height of the moving frame can be reduced to a maximum extent, so that the spectacles can be brought into a so-called "instructor" position, when the user is reading at close range, and has to lower and raise his eyes as low as possible, so that he can observe the distance from above the lens. That is, three positions of the movable frame are possible:
the highest end when the optical element does not fall within the user's field of view (fig. 5, 6);
-when the lens is opposite the user's eye, taking the average at a position where the visual axis of the eye is close to the horizontal (fig. 7, 8);
-a very low position (fig. 9), the "instructor" position.
To simulate the lifting mechanism, we accept the following initial data.
In the operative position of the lens, the vertex distance must be observed, and the panoramic angle and the anatomical features of the head must also be taken into account. When wearing glasses, the panoramic angle for lowering the movable frame to the lowest position (when it is below the fixed frame) should be no more than 27 degrees relative to the sagittal axis of the eye for the principal position of the eye, and about 15 degrees when the eye is lowered 15 degrees from the principal position.
For age-related presbyopia, which is not accompanied by visual disturbances (astigmatism, myopia, etc.), it is recommended that the maximum lens width does not exceed 20 mm.
In the rest position, the lens should be away from the user's field of view, parallel to the forehead and at a distance from the skin to avoid lens contamination that may occur if optical elements are placed, as shown in fig. 10. The optical element in the uppermost position should be a sufficient distance from the forehead to prevent contamination of the lens during facial expression movements of the user.
Fig. 11 shows a model of a user's head with a sagittal section of the eye.
We consider a two-dimensional solution in which all the elements of the spectacle mechanism are projected on a plane corresponding to a sagittal section through the centre of rotation of the eye.
When the eye moves only up and down, the point on the inner surface of the lens through which the visual axis of the eye passes is moved in this plane.
Starting point of the design (zero coordinate point), the center of rotation of the eye O is selected. For certainty, when choosing the X and Y axes, we assume that the X axis points to the right along the anatomical (sagittal) axis of the eye and the Y axis points upward along the vertical axis of the eye.
Passing through points A and A 1The dashed line of (a) indicates the inner surface of the lens in a sagittal section through the center of rotation.
When designing a temple with a folding arm, it is to be avoided to position the connection point of the proximal hinge of the lever on the folding temple. Using various anatomical dimensions of the user's head and conventional eyeglass variations, we find possible connection points for the proximal hinge of the lever in the region of the CDEF shown in fig. 11. Under certain conditions (vertex distance, panoramic angle, lens width), the proximal joint axis should lie in a region with an X coordinate in the range-6 mm to 45mm and a Y coordinate in the range-20 mm to 26 mm.
We accept the rise of the lens in the vertical plane along the horizontal axis as a rotation of the lens around the O point, but under these conditions OA is less than OA 1. The task is to compute the O point move to meet the requirement OA 1The coordinates of the point of | where the new coordinates of the O point are located in the CDEF area.
In the first phase, the task of modelling is to construct a single-lever lifting mechanism in which one hinge of the lever is fixed to the edge of the movable frame and the other hinge is fixed to the fixed frame, which is optimal for meeting the structural requirements listed. The conditionally receptive lens and the movable frame are flat in the front plane.
When the end of the lever moves from point A to point A 1Condition for maintaining its length at point (rotation about point O, FIG. 12)
Wherein
x 0,y 0Coordinates of-O points
x A,y A-coordinates of the original position of point A
x A1,y A1-A(A1)Coordinates of new position of point
(x o-x A1) 2-(y o-y A1) 2＝(x o-x A) 2-(y o-y A) 2(2)
-2x 0x A1+x A1 2+y A1 2+2x 0x A-x A 2-y A2＝2y 0(y A1-y A) (4)
As a result, we have a straight line equation where the first term is the tangent of the tilt angle and the second term is the offset from the origin. The mast is located at any point on the straight line segment within the area of the CDEF, consistent with the proposed task. More precise point selection is based on specific design decisions that depend on the height of the lens and the mounting location of the lifting bar at the edge of the lens.
In this calculation, we let lens BB 1Is not more than 25mm and the elevation angle of the lens is not more than 85 degrees (fig. 12). All possible connection points (point A) of the lever to the lens are located in the section BB 1The above.
By substituting the set values and solving equation (5), we reduce the CDEF region (projection of the connection of the lever axis to the fixed frame) to region C 1D 1QE 1F 1It can be optimized to C 1D 1Q, where point Q is the projection on the sagittal plane of the hinge on the fixed frame, the area near the frontal bony prominence, as opposed to time.
We will consider the possibility of optimizing the computation of the single-lever mechanism model separately.
The two extreme positions of the lens are known (fig. 12, 13). To describe the transition of the lens from the initial position to the final position, its movement can be imagined as a superposition of movements (fig. 13):
1) the point a is rotated around the point O,
however, in this case, point A enters the internal tissues of the forehead, and to prevent this, it is necessary to increase the length of OA to OA 1Or changing the coordinates of the O point:
2) changing the length of OA segment (Shift)
The optimum width of the lens is 25mm and it is necessary to rotate the movable frame along its longitudinal axis which reaches the lens through the hinge of the lever, corresponding to the value of angle β in the model through β 1The change of (2):
3) rotation of the lens around the new position of point a.
The simplest method described is to represent the coordinates of a point in the form of a two-dimensional vector and, during each operation (rotation or movement), multiply the vector by the corresponding matrix to obtain a new vector (coordinates of the new position of the point) (fig. 13).
To calculate A 1New coordinates of the point:
if we expand matrix (7), we get the following equation:
x A1＝x A·cosα+y A·sinα (8)
y A1＝-x A·sinα+y A·cosα (9)
the rotation around an arbitrary point is similar to the rotation around the origin described in expressions 6 to 9, but the coordinates of the rotation point are increased. Thus, for example, if we want to associate A with 1Point winding B 1Point rotation angle β (fig. 14):
x A3＝x B2+(x A2-x B2)·cosβ+(y A2-y B2)·sinβ (10)
y A3＝y B2-(x A2-x B2) ·sinβ+(y A2-y B2)·cosβ (11)
x A,y A-coordinates of the original position of point A
x A1,y A1A (A) after conversion 1 1) Coordinates of new position of point
x A2,y A2A (A) after conversion 2 2) Coordinates of new position of point
x A2,y A2A (A) after conversion 3 3) Coordinates of new position of point
By triangle OB 2Sine theorem for 'a':
from expression (12), we obtain (in consideration of (180- γ ') ═ sin (γ'), sin (- γ ') ═ sin (γ')
Or if the angle itself is desired
Two different solutions may be employed to ensure that the lens is rotated relative to the lever by angles β and β'. in a simpler embodiment, the value of angle β is set by β 1The change of (b) is provided by an additional hinge joint at the junction of the lever and the lens, which allows the movable frame to rotate in its longitudinal direction along an axis passing through the centre of the joint. But this solution forces the user to make unnecessary movements to rotate the lens, and furthermore, skewing of the movable frame and the lever is also possible.
All of these rotations can be eliminated if it is ensured that the rotation of the movable frame does not rotate along an axis passing through the centre of the hinge, but along a path defined by the hinge in the rotation mechanism in which a two-lever hinge four-bar linkage is used (in some cases a pantograph), which ensures the required movement of the frame in two planes.
Analysis of the single lever mechanism allows the size and coordinates of the end of one of the rocker arms to be determined.
The general problem with this lever mechanism is to determine the length of the second rocker, its second hinge position, and to take into account the constraints imposed by the lens height (maximum link length) and the strut length (distance between the rocker hinges fixed to the fixed frame), which should not exceed the CDEF area and not exceed 20 mm.
To synthesize two rocker mechanisms (FIG. 15), we write the geometric equation
Projecting line segments onto the Y-axis
Projecting line segments onto the X-axis
Addition of equations (17) and (20)
We convert expression (21) to the following form
We express expression (22) as:
to summarize:
we get 3 parameters that enclose the length of the link; therefore, we must know 3 positions of the mechanism to compose the system and solve it. In order not to produce an unlimited number of solutions, restrictive conditions must be specified. In this case, this would be the area where the hinge is located, the limits on the extreme positions of the mechanism and the possibilities of relative positioning of the hinge.
The last equation is the Freidenstein equation, and k 1，k 2And k 3Is a parameter of Freidenstein. If multiple positions of the leading and trailing chains are known, then the four-chain synthesis problem can be solved using it. For example, for three preset positions of the leading and trailing chains, we have the angular parameters:
α 1,α 2,α 3three positions of the leading chain;
φ 1,φ 2,φ 3three positions of the driven chain.
We compose a system of equations for these initial data:
the system of equations (25) may be expressed in matrix form Axk ═ b
Wherein
We have found a solution to this system of equations
k＝A -1·b (27)
From the found friendship theine parameters, the link sizes of the four links were determined by the following formula:
where HG and correspondingly other lengths are expressed in millimeters (we take it as the basic unit of measure, based on the scale and approximate geometry of the synthesis mechanism).
From the equations obtained, the lifting mechanism best suited to the design requirements can be constructed using a mathematical software package (e.g., MathCAD or MatLab).
With regard to our task (fig. 16), knowing the length of both sides (rocker and link) and the angle value, we determine the length of the other side (length of the driven rocker and distance between the hinges).
The analytical dependencies obtained enable us to perform the necessary calculations and to build a kinematic map of the developed design that can satisfy the given conditions to the maximum extent:
the length of the eye visual axis relative to the lens inner surface is 15 to 25mm, whereas when the head is in a straight position, the eye visual axis is lowered by 15 degrees relative to the horizontal;
-the range of rotation of the movable frame is 70 to 85 degrees;
the angle of rotation of the movable frame along its longitudinal axis when lifting the movable frame is an angle Δ β.
To select the best design, the following values (data projected onto the sagittal plane) may be modified:
length of rocker arm (lever), with hinge of lever fixed in region C 1D 1E 1F 1The inner part of the fixed frame is provided with a fixed frame,
the distance between the distal hinges (length of the connecting rod) is less than 20mm,
-a rotation angle (Δ β) of the movable frame with respect to the longitudinal axis, preferably 10 to 25 degrees.
For any modification of these values in the above-described frame, it should be borne in mind that it is preferable to mount the proximal lever hinge in region C 1D 1E 1F 1To the fixed frame.
Given the basic ophthalmic parameters and applying the above formula to the size of standard eyeglasses with folding temples, optimal calculations can be made for the elements of the four-bar linkage lift mechanism.
For the four links AA shown in FIG. 17 1B'B' 1We used the Freidenstein method. We first accept the position of the defined framework, i.e. the segments QB ═ q, QB ═ q', QB 1＝q 1,QB 1'＝q 1' the length, and the angle delta, chi, η are known, let us follow a perpendicular to A 1The bisector of angle bis of A leads the X axis, perpendicular to the Y axis of X. We project a four-link A on a coordinate axis 1B'B 1' then the Freidenstein method is reused:
AB’cos(δ/2)＝B 1’A 1cos(κ–δ/2)+B’B 1’cos(θ–δ/2) (29)
AB’sin(δ/2)＝B 1’A 1sin(κ–δ/2)-B’B 1’sin(θ–δ/2)+AA 1(30)
we denote line segment AA 1＝a,BB 1＝B'B 1Where segment b equals:
we transfer the non- κ -containing term to the left from the right side of equations (29) and (30), squaring and adding the two equations, resulting in a first equation similar to the Freidenstein equation:
in a similar manner, for position AA 1BB 1Linked to the four in (1), we get the second equation:
here, it is necessary to make the angles θ and θ 1Linking BB with description 1Are connected, i.e. from triangle BB 1Q and B' 1In Q, we get the following expression:
summarizing equations (32) and (33), we derive the expression:
we denote the total length of the link element as S 1(a)＝A 1B 1+ AB, which is the link length AA 1As a function of (c). Furthermore, the optimization problem can be simplified into two options:
1. the length of the lever is optimized. Find function S 1(a) The minimum value of (4), the equation of the minimum value consisting of
wherein
e＝2sin(δ/2),c＝b(sin(θ 1–δ/2)+sin(θ–δ/2)),d＝b(cosθ+cosθ 1)(38)
From which the root of equation (37) is readily obtained, which ensures a minimum S 1minHaving the form:
then, S 1minHas the following values:
2. in the previous consideration, AA was not used 1The optimization is carried out under the condition that the length of the link is minimized; as a result, its length a 0May well exceed arc d 0The size of the dots, which is also undesirable. In this case, care should be taken in the choice of point Q, which also determines the angle δ. In this case, you can first obtain the angle value from the equation:
3.a 0(δ)＝a d, (41)
wherein a is dIs an AA placed on the handle 1The maximum possible size of the link. This angle is then substituted into equation (40) to determine S 1min。
After finding the minimum total length of the link, the length of the following link can be expressed:
A 1B 1＝S 1min–АВ (42)
then substituted into formula (33) to eliminate A therefrom 1В 1We find the length as.
After the initial data we have found that the optimal length of the lever (rocker) at the turning point is in the range of 20mm to 60 mm, the length of the lever depending on the curvature of the two frames, that is to say, for a structural solution where the movable frame has the maximum length of curvature of the lever of the fixed frame and where the movable frame has the maximum curvature, the so-called "frame curvature angle" is 8(25-35 degrees), the length of the lever is minimal, especially trivial where the fixed frame is small.
Also, we can calculate the optimal distance between the upper and lower proximal hinges: not exceeding 20 mm.
The multi-link lifting mechanism of the rotating frame with the optical elements can simultaneously rotate the lifting frame about its longitudinal axis, which can be used not only in eyeglasses but also in helmets (virtual reality shields or helmets). In this case, you can use the calculation method described in the present application by changing the initial data according to the question posed.
In many types of lenses, the movable frame and the fixed frame may be bent in the shape of a head, in which case the length of the lever (rocker) of the lifting mechanism may be shorter than the length calculated from the projection on the sagittal plane. However, this does not alter all other basic parameters.
It should be noted that, due to the design features of the rotating eyeglasses proposed in the present application, the vertex distance among them will be slightly larger than the standard value, and therefore it is necessary to adjust the diopter of the positive lens to the smaller side. Aspheric surfaces or polarizers have also been proposed.
When the frame is raised using a four-bar mechanism, the hinges of the levers may be mounted on opposite planes of the frame, so that, in some cases, even if the levers intersect the frame or cross each other (in one projection), they do not interfere with each other, since they will lie in different planes.
In many embodiments, the rotating eyeglasses (fig. 1), the fixed and/or movable frames may be U-shaped in nature.
In order to comply with specified parameters such as vertex distance and panoramic angle, and to avoid tilting the frame when elevated, it is preferable to have the longitudinal axis of the fixed frame passing through the center of the proximal hinge parallel to the horizontal axis of the eye, rather than parallel to the horizontal axis of the eye. More than 20mm from it (fig. 5, 6, 7).
The rotation of the movable frame in a vertical plane (figures 5, 6, 7) is performed around the longitudinal axis of the fixed frame, which passes through the centre of the proximal hinge of the lever and is based on average anthropometric data for a large number of human samples of male and female users over 18 years old, and also attempts are made to adapt the standard shape and dimensions of ordinary spectacles for folding the temples:
preferably, the proximal hinges of the swing arms of the movable frame are positioned so that the designated longitudinal axis of the fixed frame is located at a distance of not more than 20mm from the horizontal axis of the eye;
preferably, the proximal hinge of the rotating rod of the movable frame is arranged so that the given longitudinal axis of the fixed frame is above the horizontal axis of the eye.
In various designs, the rotating eyewear may further include a cam mechanism designed to vary the angle of rotation of the movable frame along its longitudinal axis as a function of the elevation angle of the lever or other means for securing the movable frame in the up and/or down positions.
The design of the spectacles allows not only the use of optical lenses in the form of optical elements, but also protective spectacles or sunglasses. An embodiment of a pair of rotating eyeglasses with safety glasses or sunglasses 16 is shown in fig. 1, 18.
The invention can also be used in smart glasses (fig. 19, 20, 21, 22) which use two
On fig. 1a glasses with a display are shown, where the movable frame is made to adjust the interpupillary distance of the optical elements. The nose bridge of the movable frame is removable and includes left and right threaded portions connected by a
In many embodiments (fig. 1, 18), the fixed frame also contains optical elements 19 located opposite the user's eyes, and other optical elements, sunglasses 16 or safety glasses, may be placed in the moving frame. This solution makes it possible to apply the invention not only to people with presbyopia, but also to users who are forced to wear glasses due to visual impairments such as myopia. For certain types of vision disorders, such as astigmatism, or poor near-far vision of a person (requiring positive and negative lenses), it is recommended to equip the lenses not only with a movable frame, but also with a fixed frame to keep constant, for example, when looking at distance with the movable frame lifted.
In some embodiments, the implementation of the spectacles may be implemented in a single unit, i.e. two optical elements mounted on the same frame.
In the preferred embodiment (fig. 23, 24, 25), the rotating eyeglasses comprise a fixed frame with a nose bridge and two temples, a movable frame with optical elements, four levers, two left, upper and lower and two right, upper 20a and lower 6 a. The proximal ends of the
In fig. 1, an embodiment of a rotating glazing with a four-bar linkage is shown, wherein the movement of the upper lever 20 in the articulated
In some embodiments, other levers may be configured to alter the distance between their distal and proximal hinges, allowing you to alter the panoramic angle. The fixed frame and/or the movable frame can also provide other fasteners for hinges of other levers, so that the panorama angle can be adjusted.
In some embodiments, the rotatable eyeglasses may further comprise a string or wire attached at its end to the proximal end of the temple. Certain options of rotating glasses with displays may be used as part of a wearable electronic device assembly, connected in a wired manner with adjacent elements of a given assembly.
An embodiment of eyeglasses with a fixed frame lower position is depicted on fig. 26, 27.
In a preferred embodiment, the fixed frame is placed above eye level when the user is wearing the glasses (fig. 28, 29, 30, 31).
In figures 32 and 33, the rotating eyeglasses are shown, which also comprise two tubular elastic foot sleeves, respectively right 25a and left 25b, which are respectively fixed to the left and right levers in the operative position of the eyeglasses, and which are pulled over the optical elements in the inoperative position of the eyeglasses to protect the eyeglasses from damage and contamination.
People with age-related presbyopia do not need to use glasses often if there are no other visual impairments (astigmatism, myopia, etc.). In driving or other similar situations, he does not need glasses. It is desirable that presbyopia corrective glasses always be at hand, for example in a pocket. The use of a rigid case for the glasses is not always convenient and would prolong the time it takes to place the glasses in the working position and vice versa. In this case, it is proposed to use flexible or elastic tubular footmuffs, which are often worn on eyeglasses in the working and non-working positions, in which they are pulled over the lens, and in which they are fixed on a rotary rod between the lens and the temple. Flat or circular springs fixed by the ends of the levers can be used, which make it possible to stretch each case in the vertical plane in the working position of the eyeglasses, making it as flat as possible. The same spring holds the foot sleeve on the lens, which helps to avoid contamination and damage to the optical elements when the spectacles are not in use.
One of the design options for the spectacles according to the invention is shown in figure 34.
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