阅读说明：本技术 一种培育花生高油酸复合群体的简化方法 (Simplified method for cultivating high-oleic-acid peanut composite population ) 是由 高建强 曲杰 吴丽青 程亮 于 2019-12-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种培育花生高油酸复合群体的简化方法。包括如下步骤：1)选择高油酸资源品种20-30个；2)每个种质资源品种选择3-5粒饱满、健康无明显霉变籽粒,催芽备播；3)选择地块；4)每品种按照不同方位播种4点；5)种植区用防虫网隔离；6)出苗后20天、30天和40天,进行化学杀雄；7)辅助授粉；8)成熟后,将1、2号植株分别收获,同时收获3、4号植株做对照。第二年种植后选择杂交株收获,保留3、4号植株为对照亲本；9)将收获杂交种子,重复2)-8)步骤。本发明取得的有益效果是：利用各种自然条件,快速、简便、高效的建立高油酸花生复合群体,同时还能减轻劳动强度,提高育种效率。(The invention discloses a simplified method for cultivating a peanut high-oleic acid compound population. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting 20-30 varieties of high oleic acid resources; 2) selecting 3-5 plump healthy and non-obvious mildewed seeds for each germplasm resource variety, accelerating germination and preparing for sowing; 3) selecting a land parcel; 4) 4 points of each variety are sown according to different directions; 5) the planting area is isolated by an insect-proof net; 6) chemical emasculation is carried out 20 days, 30 days and 40 days after seedling emergence; 7) auxiliary pollination; 8) after maturation, plants No. 1 and No. 2 were harvested separately, while plants No. 3 and No. 4 were harvested as controls. Selecting hybrid plants and harvesting after planting in the second year, and reserving No. 3 and No. 4 plants as control parents; 9) hybrid seeds will be harvested and steps 2) -8) repeated. The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: by utilizing various natural conditions, the high-oleic-acid peanut composite colony is quickly, simply and efficiently established, the labor intensity can be reduced, and the breeding efficiency can be improved.)

1. A simplified method for cultivating a peanut high-oleic acid compound population is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

1) selecting 20-30 high oleic acid resource varieties with different types, different pod sizes, different plant types and different disease resistances, wherein the oleic acid content is more than 75%, and the resource ratio of foreign introduced resource varieties to domestic improved and excavated screened varieties is 1: 1: 1, the diversity of sources is fully guaranteed;

2) selecting 3-5 plump healthy and non-obvious mildewed seeds for each germplasm resource variety, accelerating germination and preparing for sowing;

3) selecting a plot with good one-way positive, slightly high topography, good soil fertility and loam soil quality, the length and width of each plot are 3 meters, the area of each plot is 9 square meters, and planning in a 'Jiugong format' mode after soil preparation;

4) 4 points are sown in different directions of each variety, specific positions of the points are marked, 4 robust plants in different positions are reserved in each variety after germination, the marks are marked according to 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the number 1 or 4 of 3-4 different varieties are required to be arranged around the number 1, and the number 3 or 4 of 3-4 different varieties is arranged around the number 2, so that the relative uniform distribution is ensured;

5) the planting area is isolated by an insect-proof net, so that the entry of pests and imagoes is reduced, and pollinated peanuts are damaged; the auxiliary pollination insects are prevented from flying out, and the pollination quality is improved;

6) chemical male killing is carried out 20 days, 30 days and 40 days after seedling emergence, namely before flowering, at the early flowering stage and in a large-amount flowering period, and specific male killing parameters are as follows:

⑴ stamicides butenedioylhydrazide;

⑵ concentration of the male killing agent is 0.5mg/L at 20 days, 0.75mg/L at 30 days, and 1.0mg/L at 40 days;

⑶ the male killing method comprises mixing appropriate depth medicines, loading into small hand-held spray can, manually spraying the whole plant, and spraying only the marked individual plants No. 1 and No. 2 of each variety;

⑷ Note that after each spraying, the castration condition of flowering is checked, and the concentration of the male killing agent is properly adjusted to ensure normal flowering and thorough male killing;

7) and (3) supplementary pollination: in the pollination period of the peanuts, performing supplementary pollination once every 3 days;

the auxiliary pollination mode includes two modes, one mode is that a certain number of bees are placed, meanwhile, 1 ant hole can be moved into the high-dryness part, and the creeping auxiliary pollination of the bees and the ants is utilized; secondly, the artificial pollination mode is adopted, small flowers of a specific type are collected in advance, stamens are collected into a centrifugal tube, and the stamens are smeared on the castrated small flower stigma by using a small liquid transfer gun head after 10000 r/min centrifugation;

8) after maturation, plants No. 1 and No. 2 were harvested separately, while plants No. 3 and No. 4 were harvested as controls. Selecting hybrid plants and harvesting after planting in the second year, and reserving No. 3 and No. 4 plants as control parents;

9) hybrid seeds will be harvested and steps 2) -8) repeated.

2. The simplified method of claim 1 for growing peanut high oleic acid complex populations, comprising: the auxiliary pollination mode adopts a mode of combining bees and ants for pollination, namely, a certain number of bees are put into each pollination, meanwhile, 1 ant hole is moved into the high-dryness part, and the crawling auxiliary pollination of the bees and the ants is utilized.

3. The simplified method of claim 1 for growing peanut high oleic acid complex populations, comprising: the auxiliary pollination is an artificial auxiliary pollination mode.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of modern peanut breeding, and provides a simplified method for cultivating a high-oleic-acid peanut composite population.

Background

Peanuts are the main economic crops and oil crops in China. The conventional peanut hybridization breeding technology needs manual emasculation and pollination, needs a large amount of labor, the emasculation technology is high in requirement, the vitality of a single flower is easy to destroy, the success rate is very low, more importantly, the method cannot rapidly carry out multi-combination and multi-variety mixed hybridization, and has great limitation on the expansion of the gene recombination degree of a peanut population and the increase of the fusion level of genes. In order to simplify the process and obtain a variant population with more abundant genes, the invention provides a novel cross breeding method, which can rapidly, simply and conveniently complete a large number of crosses to combine multiple genes.

The high-oleic-acid peanut is a hot point of research in recent years, and the genes for controlling the high oleic acid of the peanut are mainly effective genes FAD2B and FAD2A, so that the content of the oleic acid of the peanut is greatly changed and is obviously controlled by various different types of genes within the range of 30-80%. And different genotypes have different high yield, disease resistance and lodging resistance. The problems of small pod, poor high yield and the like exist in the current high-oleic acid peanut variety.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that: the simplified method for cultivating the peanut high-oleic acid composite colony is provided, various natural conditions are fully utilized, the high-oleic acid peanut composite colony is quickly, simply and efficiently established, the labor intensity is reduced, and the breeding efficiency is improved.

In order to solve the problems, the simplified method for cultivating the peanut high-oleic acid compound population mainly comprises the following steps:

1) selecting 20-30 high oleic acid resource varieties with different types, different pod sizes, different plant types and different disease resistances, wherein the oleic acid content is required to be more than 75%, and the resource ratio of foreign introduced resource varieties to domestic improved and screened varieties is 1: 1: 1, the diversity of sources is fully guaranteed.

2) 3-5 plump, healthy and no obvious mildewed seeds are selected for each germplasm resource variety, and the germination is accelerated and the seeding is prepared.

3) Selecting a plot with good one-way positive, slightly high topography, good soil fertility and loam soil quality, the length and width of each plot are 3 meters, the area of each plot is 9 square meters, and planning in a 'Jiugong format' mode after soil preparation.

4) 4 points are sown in different directions of each variety, the specific positions of the points are marked, 4 robust plants in different positions are reserved in each variety after germination, and the plants are marked and listed according to 1, 2, 3 and 4. No. 3 or No. 4 of 3-4 different varieties is required to be arranged around No. 1, and No. 3 or No. 4 of 3-4 different varieties is required to be arranged around No. 2, so that the distribution is relatively uniform.

5) The planting area is isolated by an insect-proof net, so that the entry of pests and imagoes is reduced, and pollinated peanuts are damaged; the auxiliary pollination insects are prevented from flying out, and the pollination quality is improved.

6) Chemical emasculation is carried out 20 days, 30 days and 40 days after seedling emergence, namely before flowering, at the early flowering stage and in the large-amount flowering period.

⑴ male killing agent, butenedioic hydrazide, which belongs to the class of diazabenzene derivatives, has better male killing effect on the flowers, can be used as a selective herbicide and a temporary plant growth inhibitor, can strongly inhibit the growth of buds, and has the effects of inhibiting the rooting of crops and prolonging the flowering.

⑵ concentration of the male-killing agent is 0.5mg/L at 20 days, 0.75mg/L at 30 days and 1.0mg/L at 40 days.

⑶ the male-killing method comprises mixing the above materials, loading into small hand-held spray can, and manually spraying the whole plant with only the No. 1 and No. 2 labeled individual plants of each variety.

⑷ Note that after each spray, the emasculation condition of flowering is checked, and the concentration of the emasculation agent is properly adjusted to ensure normal flowering and thorough emasculation.

7) And (3) supplementary pollination: in the pollination period of the peanuts, the pollination is assisted once every 3 days, and two modes of the supplementary pollination are provided, wherein one mode is that a certain number of bees are placed, meanwhile, 1 ant hole can be moved into a high-dryness part, and the crawling of the bees and ants is used for supplementary pollination; and the second mode is an artificial pollination mode, small flowers of a specific type are collected in advance, stamens are collected into a centrifugal tube, and the stamens are smeared on the castrated small stigma by using a small liquid transfer gun head after 10000 r/min centrifugation.

8) After maturation, plants No. 1 and No. 2 were harvested separately, while plants No. 3 and No. 4 were harvested as controls. And (4) selecting hybrid plants and harvesting after planting in the second year, and reserving No. 3 and No. 4 plants as control parents.

9) Hybrid seeds will be harvested and steps 2) -8) repeated.

The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: by utilizing various natural conditions, the high-oleic-acid peanut composite colony is quickly, simply and efficiently established, the labor intensity is reduced, and the breeding efficiency is improved

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION