阅读说明：本技术 一种中华绒螯蟹育肥专用复合添加剂及其制备方法和应用 (Special composite additive for fattening eriocheir sinensis as well as preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 曹福余 朱宏友 于 2019-11-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种中华绒螯蟹育肥专用复合添加剂,以1kg所述添加剂计,所述复合添加剂中各组分及其含量为：维生素E 10～20g、虾青素10～30g、卵磷脂50～200g、抗氧化剂1～5g,其余为载体。在河蟹饲料中添加本发明提供的添加剂可显著提高河蟹育肥期的抗应激能力,加快河蟹性成熟进程,提高河蟹的增重率,使上市河蟹膏满蟹肥,而且该添加剂长期使用安全无毒副作用。(The invention discloses a special composite additive for fattening eriocheir sinensis, which comprises the following components in 1kg of additive: 10-20 g of vitamin E, 10-30 g of astaxanthin, 50-200 g of lecithin, 1-5 g of antioxidant and the balance of carrier. The additive provided by the invention is added into the river crab feed, so that the anti-stress capability of the river crab in the fattening period can be obviously improved, the sexual maturity process of the river crab is accelerated, the weight gain rate of the river crab is improved, the river crab on the market is full of crab fat, and the additive is safe and has no toxic or side effect after being used for a long time.)

1. The special composite additive for fattening eriocheir sinensis is characterized in that the composite additive comprises the following components in 1kg of the additive: 10-20 g of vitamin E, 10-30 g of astaxanthin, 50-200 g of lecithin, 1-5 g of antioxidant and the balance of carrier.

2. The special compound additive for fattening eriocheir sinensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carrier contains the following components by weight per kilogram: 300g of shrimp shell powder, 350g of corncob powder and 350g of attapulgite.

3. The preparation method of the special eriocheir sinensis fattening compound additive according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: weighing the components, adding the components into a mixer, fully and uniformly mixing, and packaging to obtain a finished product.

4. The preparation method of the eriocheir sinensis fattening special composite additive according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity of the finished product was < 5%.

5. The application of the special Chinese mitten crab fattening compound additive according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: when feeding, the feed is added into complete feed for river crabs according to the proportion of 1 percent by weight.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a special composite additive for fattening eriocheir sinensis, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Eriocheir sinensis (also known as river crab, hairy crab, clean water crab, hairy crab) belongs to Arthropoda, Arthropoda and Bow crab family, and is an economic crab. The chela is used for taking food and resisting enemies, and the inner and outer edges of the palm are densely provided with villi, so the eriocheir sinensis is named. Hereinafter collectively referred to as "river crab".

River crabs are omnivorous animals in nature, fish, shrimps, snails, clams, worms, earthworms, insects, larvae and the like can be used as animal baits of the river crabs, and the artificial breeding is mainly used for feeding special compound feed. The Chinese environment is widely distributed in lakes in various places of the south and north coastal areas, wherein the water system of Yangtze river has the largest yield and extremely delicious taste.

Due to the control of market conditions and the early high sale price seized in every year, a plurality of farmers come into the market in advance, so that the peak time of coming into the market is staggered, and the iced fresh fish is fed in a fattening period in a growing and fattening period. The river crab fattening process is also a process of individual sexual maturity, and is a so-called fattening process in which the individual sexual maturity and weight gain are carried out simultaneously. Feeding iced fresh fish is an effective means for breeding and ripening (fattening) river crabs, and the method has been used for breeding for many years and has good effect. But its drawbacks are also very evident, mainly:

firstly, the price of the iced fresh fish is unstable; the price of the iced fresh fish is obviously raised in the later period, and the feeding cost is increased.

Secondly, the quality of the iced fresh fish is great, the harmful bacteria exceed the standard, and the incidence rate of enteritis after the river crabs ingest the food is increased.

And thirdly, the weight loss is fast, the fattening effect of crabs fattened by using iced fresh fish is fast, and yellow and cream are easy to leak if the crabs cannot be sold in the market in time, namely, the fat loss is very unfavorable for the equivalent market in the later period and the crabs stored in the market.

In view of these disadvantages of iced fish, feed manufacturers have been actively developing fertilizers to replace iced fish. The compound additive for the river crabs is developed to be used as a core component supplement of a complete compound feed for the river crabs, and is particularly important in river crab culture.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a special compound additive for fattening eriocheir sinensis, a preparation method and application thereof; the additive provided by the invention is added into the river crab feed, so that the anti-stress capability of the river crab in the fattening period can be obviously improved, the sexual maturity process of the river crab is accelerated, the weight gain rate of the river crab is improved, the river crab on the market is full of crab fat, and the additive is safe and has no toxic or side effect after being used for a long time.

In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the special composite additive for fattening eriocheir sinensis comprises the following components in 1kg of additive: 10-20 g of vitamin E, 10-30 g of astaxanthin, 50-200 g of lecithin, 1-5 g of antioxidant and the balance of carrier.

Wherein the carrier comprises the following components by weight per kilogram: 300g of shrimp shell powder, 350g of corncob powder and 350g of attapulgite.

The preparation method of the special composite additive for fattening Chinese mitten crabs comprises the following steps: weighing the components, adding the components into a mixer, fully and uniformly mixing, and packaging to obtain a finished product.

In the above method, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity of the finished product is less than 5%.

The invention also provides an application of the special composite additive for fattening Chinese mitten crabs, which specifically comprises the following steps: when feeding, the compound additive is added into the complete feed for river crabs according to the proportion of 1 percent by weight.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the nutrition requirements of the river crab fattening process are researched and analyzed to obtain the reasonable addition of each nutrient substance in the feed additive for the river crabs, and the special compound additive for the river crabs is prepared through research and improvement; the additive has the advantages of strengthening the addition of vitamin E, astaxanthin, lecithin and other components, scientific proportioning and comprehensive nutrition, improving the meat quality nutrition deposition of the river crabs, improving the flavor of the river crabs and meeting the requirements of the river crabs on various nutrient substances in the fattening process. The additive does not contain compound vitamin like the existing additive, but strengthens vitamin E, thereby having more pertinence to the nutrition required by the fattening of the river crabs.

Wherein, Vitamin E (VE) is also called tocopherol, which improves the reproductive performance of aquatic animals, and VE has the functions of regulating the metabolism of animal organisms and the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in gonads, and is beneficial to promoting the gonad development of the aquatic animals. VE can increase ovarian function by secreting gonadotropin regulating function through anterior pituitary, increase follicle luteinizing cell, and directly protect sperm by preventing sperm oxidation. VE has the closest relationship with the development of animal gonads and plays an important role in the egg-laying physiology, the egg quality and the like of aquatic animals. The river crab fattening process is the individual sexual maturity process of the river crab, and in the process, the organism needs a larger amount of VE than usual to meet the gonad development of the organism.

Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant, and can effectively quench singlet oxygen, scavenge free radicals and play a role in resisting oxidation. Astaxanthin can effectively prevent oxygen atoms from interacting with unsaturated fatty acids of cell membrane, and prevent oxidation reaction, thereby protecting cells and DNA from damage of oxidation reaction. The astaxanthin has fat-soluble property, so that the astaxanthin can neutralize free radicals in cells, protect proteins in the cells, enable the cells to effectively metabolize and enable the proteins in the cells to better play a role. Therefore, the astaxanthin can well protect the river crabs from being damaged by free radicals in the growth process in the river crab culture, and the survival rate of the river crabs is improved. Meanwhile, astaxanthin has a good coloring effect, carotenoid is a main pigment substance in the bodies of the aquatic animals, and astaxanthin accounts for most of the carotenoid in the bodies of the aquatic animals, so that astaxanthin is the main pigment substance in the bodies of the aquatic animals. The astaxanthin is added into the river crab fattening, so that the river crab shells can show healthy color, bright red can appear on the river crab shells after the river crabs are cooked, and meanwhile, crab spawns, which are important parts of the river crabs eaten, show attractive red, and show high quality of the river crabs.

Lecithin is known as the third nutrient in parallel with protein and vitamins by nutriologists, has multiple biological functions, not only provides phospholipid for the formation and the renewal of cells, but also provides energy, essential fatty acid, choline and inositol for organisms, and can also promote the digestion of lipid and the feed conversion. The addition of lecithin in the river crab feed can promote the gonad maturation of the river crab, obviously increase the total lipid content in ovary, liver and pancreas and the weight of the river crab, and embody great economic value in the aspect of eating the river crab. In addition, the lecithin has a certain effect of increasing the ovarian index of the river crabs, so that the quality of the ova can be improved, and the later-stage breeding hatchability and the survival rate of the larvae can be improved. The feeding of the lecithin bait can increase the survival rate of the river crabs temporarily raised in winter.

The compound additive is special based on the river crab fattening stage, can promote the sexual maturity of the river crab, accelerate the later fattening of the river crab, and after the compound additive is used, the river crab cream is full of crab fertilizer, can be put into the market in advance, and can prevent the river crab from losing weight, so as to meet the fattening requirement of the cultured river crab in the market.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and unequivocally define the scope of the present invention.