阅读说明：本技术 一种低品位铜矿石及其伴生金银的浮选方法 (Flotation method for low-grade copper ore and associated gold and silver ) 是由 方建军 寇青军 蒋太国 刘殿文 张铃 章晓林 骆忠 于 2019-11-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种低品位铜矿石及其伴生金银的浮选方法,首先将伴生金银的低品位铜矿石进行湿磨,然后分为两组等量的矿浆,先对第一组矿浆进行分段粗选,获得粗精矿和尾矿两个产品,然后将第一组的粗精矿与第二组矿浆合并,再对合并后的矿浆进行两次粗选分离和扫选分离,获得浮选泡沫和尾矿两个产品,将第一组矿浆浮选的尾矿和合并后的矿浆浮选尾矿合并作为最终尾矿,本发明充分发挥了组合药剂的正协同效应,提高了粗粒、连生体和微细粒铜矿物的回收率；选择性降低了脉石可浮性,提高了铜精矿品位和伴生金银在铜精矿中的含量及回收率,增加了铜精矿中的计价元素。(The invention discloses a flotation method of low-grade copper ore and associated gold and silver, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out wet grinding on the low-grade copper ore associated with gold and silver, then dividing the low-grade copper ore into two groups of equal-quantity ore pulp, firstly carrying out subsection roughing on the first group of ore pulp to obtain two products of rough concentrate and tailings, then combining the rough concentrate of the first group with the second group of ore pulp, carrying out twice roughing separation and scavenging separation on the combined ore pulp to obtain two products of flotation foam and tailings, and combining the tailings floated by the first group of ore pulp and the combined ore pulp flotation tailings to be used as final tailings; the selectivity reduces the floatability of gangue, improves the grade of copper concentrate, the content and the recovery rate of associated gold and silver in the copper concentrate, and increases the valuable elements in the copper concentrate.)

1. A flotation method for low-grade copper ore and associated gold and silver is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) carrying out wet grinding on low-grade copper ore associated with gold and silver until the granularity is less than 0.074mm by mass accounts for 70-90%, then adjusting the mass concentration of the ore pulp to 35-40%, dividing the ore pulp into two groups with the same quantity, firstly adding 70-90 g/t of combined collector SYD and 8-12 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the first group of ore pulp, stirring for 2-4 minutes, carrying out primary rough separation to obtain primary rough separation concentrate and primary rough separation tailings, adding 30-50 g/t of combined collector SYD and 4-6 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the primary rough separation tailings, stirring for 2-5 minutes, carrying out secondary rough separation to obtain secondary rough separation concentrate and secondary rough separation tailings, adding 15-25 g/t of combined collector SYD and 4-6 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the secondary rough separation tailings, stirring for 2-4 minutes, scavenging to obtain scavenging concentrate and a first group of scavenging tailings, mixing the first roughing concentrate, the second roughing concentrate and the scavenging concentrate, and then combining the mixture with the second group of ore pulp;

(2) adding 70-90 g/t of combined collecting agent SYD and 8-12 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the ore pulp combined in the step (1), stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing primary rough separation to obtain primary flotation foam and ore pulp in a primary cell, then adding 30-50 g/t of combined collector SYD and 4-6 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the ore pulp in the first secondary tank, stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing secondary rough separation to obtain secondary flotation foam and ore pulp in the second secondary tank, adding 15-25 g/t of combined collector SYD and 4-6 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the ore pulp in the second secondary tank, stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing scavenging separation to obtain scavenging flotation foam and a second group of scavenging tailings, and combining the first group of scavenging tailings and the second group of scavenging tailings in the step (1) to obtain final tailings;

(3) combining the first flotation foam and the second flotation foam obtained in the step (2), adjusting the mass concentration of ore pulp to be 20-25%, adding 80-120 g/t of combined regulator FDQ into the ore pulp, stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing first concentration operation to obtain first concentration foam and first concentration tailings, combining the first concentration tailings and the scavenging flotation foam obtained in the step (2), returning to first rough concentration separation to form a closed cycle, adjusting the mass concentration of the first concentration foam to be 20-25%, adding 40-60 g/t of combined regulator FDQ, stirring for 2-5 minutes, performing second concentration operation to obtain second concentration foam and second concentration tailings, returning the second concentration tailings to the first concentration operation to form a closed cycle, performing third concentration operation on the second concentration foam, and (4) obtaining third concentration foam and third concentration tailings, returning the third concentration tailings to the second concentration operation to form closed circulation, wherein the third concentration foam is the final copper concentrate.

2. The method for floating low-grade copper ore and associated gold and silver according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the combined collecting agent SYD in the steps (1) to (3) is obtained by combining the following components in parts by mass: 20-30% of ethion nitrogen, 78-350-60% of Y89, 10-15% of isoamyl yellow, 5-10% of ammonium butyrate black drug and the foaming agent Z-9 is sec-octanol.

3. The method for floating low-grade copper ore and associated gold and silver according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the combined regulator FDQ in the step (3) is obtained by combining the following components in parts by mass: 20-30% of cassava starch, 78-60% of CMC40 and 20-30% of sodium humate.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a flotation method for low-grade copper ore and associated gold and silver, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgical mineral separation.

Background

Copper is widely applied to industries such as military industry, electric power, communication, transportation, light industry, building, machinery and the like. More than 200 copper minerals are known at present, and 17 copper minerals having industrial application value are known. The main types of copper deposits can be classified into porphyry, skarn, layered, copper-containing pyrite, copper nickel sulfide, veined and native copper types, etc., according to the geological conditions and mineralization patterns of the deposit formation. Copper minerals can be classified into: primary copper sulphide minerals, such as chalcopyrite; secondary copper sulphide minerals, such as chalcocite; copper oxide minerals such as malachite; native copper, and the like.

According to the estimation of the geological survey bureau of America, the land in the world in 2018 has found that 21 hundred million tons of copper resources (18 hundred million tons of porphyry type copper ores), 35 hundred million tons of potential copper resources and 8.3 hundred million tons of world copper reserves. About half of the copper reserves are concentrated in the American area, and the copper reserves of the four countries of America, Mexico, Chile and Peru account for about half of the world. Meanwhile, copper ore resources in other regions of the Pacific ocean, Africa, Asia and the like are greatly increased, and particularly, the copper ore reserves of China such as Australia, Congo, Zanbia, Russia, Indonesia and the like are rapidly increased.

According to the statistics of China's national ministry of land and resources, the storage capacity of the copper ore in China reaches 1.06 hundred million metal tons and is increased by 210.45% compared with that in 1978, and 418.11 million tons of copper resource storage capacity is newly found out. The Chinese copper ores are mainly distributed in provinces such as Jiangxi, Yunnan, Hubei, Tibet, Gansu, Anhui, Shanxi, inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, and the basic reserves of the 9 provinces account for more than 80 percent of the total basic reserves of the whole country. Among the copper ore resources already discovered in China, the copper sulfide ore has the characteristics of low grade, complex properties and the like. For example, the geological grade of the Jiangxi Dexing copper ore and the Yunnan Dahongshan copper ore is about 0.4 percent. The ores contain various copper minerals with complex structure, mainly chalcopyrite, a small amount of chalcocite, bornite, chalcocite, cuprite, native copper and the like; the gangue minerals are mainly quartz, biotite, muscovite, dolomite, calcite, carbonaceous, etc. The ore generally has the characteristics of low content of useful elements and complex structure of useful minerals. These crude ore properties present greater difficulties in flotation separation and recycling.

With the rapid development and promotion of industrialization and informatization processes in China, the consumption demand of copper is rapidly expanded. In 2017, the consumption of ten nonferrous metals in China is the top of the world, wherein 888.9 million tons of refined copper are increased by 7.7 percent. At present, the copper ore resource which can be industrially exploited and utilized in China is seriously in short supply, and a large amount of copper concentrate and scrap copper need to be imported every year. On one hand, the shortage of copper resources in China and the gradual reduction of copper-containing rich ores exist, and on the other hand, the vast majority of low-grade refractory copper ores in the copper ore resources discovered in China cannot be well utilized due to the lack of new technologies for efficient development and utilization. The low-grade copper ore generally has the characteristics of low copper-containing grade, extremely low content of associated gold and silver, various copper minerals, complex structure and the like, and has low conventional flotation indexes, difficult valuation content of gold and silver in copper concentrate and high energy consumption. Therefore, the research and development of a new efficient utilization technology for treating the copper ores is significant.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a flotation method of low-grade copper ore and associated gold and silver thereof, which fully exerts the positive synergistic effect of a combined medicament through a technical route of primary pulp activation, carrier bearing, fine particle agglomeration, selective inhibition and dispersion, coupling and cooperative collection, improves the recovery rate of coarse-grained, intergrowth and fine-grained copper minerals, selectively reduces the floatability of gangue, improves the copper concentrate grade and the content and recovery rate of associated gold and silver in copper concentrate, and increases the valuable elements in the copper concentrate.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: firstly, carrying out wet grinding on low-grade copper ore associated with gold and silver, then dividing the low-grade copper ore into two groups of equal-quantity ore pulps, firstly carrying out subsection roughing separation on the first group of ore pulp to obtain two products of rough concentrate and tailings, then combining the rough concentrate of the first group with the second group of ore pulp, carrying out twice roughing separation and scavenging separation on the combined ore pulp to obtain two products of flotation foam and tailings, combining the tailings floated by the first group of ore pulp and the combined ore pulp flotation tailings to obtain final tailings, carrying out tertiary concentration on the flotation foam to obtain concentrated foam, and obtaining the final flotation foam as copper concentrate.

The flotation method of the low-grade copper ore and the associated gold and silver comprises the following specific steps:

(1) carrying out wet grinding on low-grade copper ore associated with gold and silver until the granularity is less than 0.074mm by mass accounts for 70-90%, then adjusting the mass concentration of the ore pulp to 35-40%, dividing the ore pulp into two groups with the same quantity, firstly adding 70-90 g/t of combined collector SYD and 8-12 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the first group of ore pulp, stirring for 2-4 minutes, carrying out primary rough separation to obtain primary rough separation concentrate and primary rough separation tailings, adding 30-50 g/t of combined collector SYD and 4-6 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the primary rough separation tailings, stirring for 2-4 minutes, carrying out secondary rough separation to obtain secondary rough separation concentrate and secondary rough separation tailings, adding 15-25 g/t of combined collector SYD and 4-6 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the secondary rough separation tailings, stirring for 2-4 minutes, scavenging to obtain scavenging concentrate and a first group of scavenging tailings, mixing the first roughing concentrate, the second roughing concentrate and the scavenging concentrate, and then combining the mixture with the second group of ore pulp;

(2) adding 70-90 g/t of combined collecting agent SYD and 8-12 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the ore pulp combined in the step (1), stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing primary rough separation to obtain primary flotation foam and ore pulp in a primary cell, then adding 30-50 g/t of combined collector SYD and 4-6 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the ore pulp in the first secondary tank, stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing secondary rough separation to obtain secondary flotation foam and ore pulp in the second secondary tank, adding 15-25 g/t of combined collector SYD and 4-6 g/t of foaming agent Z-9 into the ore pulp in the second secondary tank, stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing scavenging separation to obtain scavenging flotation foam and a second group of scavenging tailings, and combining the first group of scavenging tailings and the second group of scavenging tailings in the step (1) to obtain final tailings;

(3) combining the first flotation foam and the second flotation foam obtained in the step (2), adjusting the mass concentration of ore pulp to be 20-25%, adding 80-120 g/t of combined regulator FDQ into the ore pulp, stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing first concentration operation to obtain first concentration foam and first concentration tailings, combining the first concentration tailings and the scavenging flotation foam obtained in the step (2), returning to first rough concentration separation to form a closed cycle, adjusting the mass concentration of the first concentration foam to be 20-25%, adding 40-60 g/t of combined regulator FDQ, stirring for 2-4 minutes, performing second concentration operation to obtain second concentration foam and second concentration tailings, returning the second concentration tailings to the first concentration operation to form a closed cycle, performing third concentration operation on the second concentration foam, and (4) obtaining third concentration foam and third concentration tailings, returning the third concentration tailings to the second concentration operation to form closed circulation, wherein the third concentration foam is the final copper concentrate.

The combined collecting agent SYD in the steps (1) to (3) is obtained by combining the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of ethion nitrogen, 78-350-60% of Y89, 10-15% of isoamyl yellow, 5-10% of ammonium butyrate melanophore and 5-9% of foaming agent Z-9 which is sec-octanol.

The combined regulator FDQ in the step (3) is obtained by combining the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of cassava starch, 40-60% of CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and 20-30% of sodium humate.

The invention is characterized in that:

according to the coupling principle of the organic combination of the flotation agents and the carrier flotation principle, the positive synergistic effect among the flotation agents is fully exerted, the coarse grain and fine grain flotation is strengthened, the flotation index is improved, and the consumption is reduced. The method divides the raw ore pulp into two groups, and because the foam (concentrate) products of the first group of roughing and scavenging are combined in the raw ore of the second group, the grade of the selected ore of the second group is improved; the rough concentrate of the first group basically consists of minerals with good flotability, and when the rough concentrate of the first group is merged into the second group, the floating speed of the minerals can be accelerated, a foam layer is enriched, the rough concentrate grade and the operation recovery rate can be improved, and the concentrate grade and the recovery rate can be further improved; the foam (concentrate) of the first group has certain carrier bearing effect on the second group of floated minerals, so that the separation process is improved, and the mineral separation recovery rate is improved; the addition of the first group of foams (concentrate) increases the amount of floated minerals of the second group, changes the ion composition of the ore pulp, is more favorable for the separation of minerals, and simultaneously, the addition of the first group of foams (concentrate) strengthens the secondary enrichment effect, weakens the harmful effects of refractory mineral ions, slime coverage and the like, and is very favorable for improving the separation index; excess agent carried by the first froth (concentrate) product can continue to function in the second flotation stage, thereby reducing the dosage of the second flotation stage.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the synergistic effect of the combined medicaments is obvious, and the recovery rates of coarse particles, intergrowths and micro-fine particles of copper minerals are improved; the selectivity reduces the floatability of gangue, improves the grade of copper concentrate and the content of associated gold and silver in the copper concentrate, and increases the valuable elements in the copper concentrate.

(2) Under the conditions that the copper content of raw ore is less than or equal to 0.4%, the associated gold is less than or equal to 0.09g/t and the silver is less than or equal to 1 g/t, the recovery rate of copper can reach more than 92% by applying the method, the grade of copper concentrate is more than or equal to 20%, the associated gold in the copper concentrate is 3-4 g/t, and the silver in the copper concentrate is 23-30 g/t.

(3) Compared with the conventional sulfidation flotation process, the invention can improve the grade of copper concentrate by 3-5 percent, improve the recovery rate of copper by 2-3 percent, simultaneously improve the recovery rate of associated gold by 5-10 percent, and respectively improve the recovery rate of silver by 5-10 percent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the flotation process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures.