阅读说明：本技术 一种基于恒温炭化的制炭工艺 (Constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process ) 是由 王云飞 于 2019-12-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于恒温炭化的的制炭工艺,该制炭工艺包括以下步骤：S1、粉料；S2、进料；S3、烘干；S4、中间进料；S5、炭化；S6、出炭。本发明采用恒温炭化的方式进行制炭,炭化装置中对木材的炭化不通过明火炭化；炭化装置内的木材炭化时将产生可燃气体,这些可燃气体通过管道回到燃烧系统内燃烧,以使燃烧系统又可通过管道向烘干装置和炭化装置供热,以此形成能源循环利用的系统。(The invention discloses a constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process, which comprises the following steps of: s1, powder lot; s2, feeding; s3, drying; s4, intermediate feeding; s5, carbonizing; s6, discharging carbon. The invention adopts a constant temperature carbonization mode to prepare the charcoal, and the carbonization of the wood in the carbonization device does not adopt open fire carbonization; the wood in the carbonizing device generates combustible gas when being carbonized, and the combustible gas returns to the combustion system through the pipeline to be combusted, so that the combustion system can supply heat to the drying device and the carbonizing device through the pipeline, and a system for recycling energy is formed.)

1. A charcoal making process based on constant temperature carbonization is characterized in that: the charcoal making process comprises the following steps:

s1, powder material: crushing wood into wood chips through a crushing device;

s2, feeding: conveying the sawdust into a drying device by a conveying device for drying, and drying the sawdust until the moisture content is about 15-20%;

s3, drying: heating and drying the wood chips in a drying device, wherein the heating temperature of the wood is 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the drying duration is about 16-25 minutes;

s4, intermediate feeding: conveying the dried sawdust into a carbonization device by an intermediate feeding screw;

s5, carbonization: the temperature in the carbonization device is W1, and the carbonization duration is T1;

s6, carbon discharging: and cooling the wood chips after the wood chips are carbonized in a water cooling structure to obtain the prepared carbon.

2. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the crushing device is a crusher.

3. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S2, the conveying device is a floor conveyor or a belt conveyor.

4. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in the step S2, the drying device is a drying oven.

5. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the carbonization device is a constant temperature carbonization device.

6. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S4, the middle feeding screw is a conveying device between the drying device and the carbonizing device, and the conveying manner is that the rotating screw structure pushes the wood chips between the rotary pages to advance.

7. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step S5, the temperature W1 in the carbonization device is 560-750 ℃, and the carbonization duration T1 is 20-27 minutes.

8. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S2, the moisture content in the dried wood chips is 18%.

9. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S6, the water-cooling structure is a water-cooling spiral, and the water-cooling spiral is four-stage cooling.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon preparation, and particularly relates to a carbon preparation process by a constant-temperature carbonization method.

Background

The activated carbon has the advantages of good chemical stability, large specific surface area and the like, and has wide application in the fields of adsorption, separation, catalysis and the like. China is the earliest carbon-making country in the world, adopts the soil method to make carbon, but has the following problems: firstly, the yield of the charcoal made by the soil method is low, the quality is not easy to guarantee, and the occupied area is large; secondly, the environment is polluted, air pollution is caused, and the labor intensity is high.

The active carbon is prepared by mainly adopting coal to carry out chemical activation, but the chemical activation method for preparing the carbon cannot meet the development requirement of times due to the non-regenerability of the coal and the pollution caused in the chemical activation process.

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the charcoal making process which is energy-saving and environment-friendly in a physical mode, can realize that combustible gas generated during wood carbonization returns to the combustion system through the pipeline for combustion, so that the combustion system can supply heat to the drying device and the carbonization device through the pipeline, thereby forming energy recycling, and achieving the aim of making charcoal through a constant-temperature carbonization mode. It is prepared mainly from charcoal.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the background art and provide the charcoal making process which is energy-saving and environment-friendly and achieves the aim of making charcoal by a constant-temperature carbonization mode.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

a constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process comprises the following steps:

s1, powder material: crushing wood into wood chips through a crushing device;

s2, feeding: conveying the sawdust into a drying device by a conveying device for drying;

s3, drying: the wood chips are heated and dried in a drying device, the heating temperature of the wood is 200 ℃ and 230 ℃, and the drying duration is about 16-25 minutes;

s4, intermediate feeding: conveying the dried sawdust into a carbonization device by an intermediate feeding screw;

s5, carbonization: the temperature in the carbonization device is W1, the temperature W1 is a fixed constant temperature value, and the carbonization duration is T1;

s6, carbon discharging: and cooling the wood chips after the wood chips are carbonized in a water cooling structure to obtain the prepared carbon.

Further, in step S1, the crushing device is a crusher.

Further, in step S2, the conveying device is a floor conveyor or a belt conveyor.

Further, in the step S2, the drying device is a drying oven.

Further, the carbonization device is a constant temperature carbonization device.

Further, in step S4, the intermediate feeding screw is a conveying device between the drying device and the carbonizing device, and the conveying manner is that the rotating screw structure pushes the wood chips between the rotary blades to advance.

Further, in the step S5, the temperature W1 in the carbonization device is 560-750 ℃, and the carbonization duration T1 is 20-30 minutes.

Furthermore, in order to carbonize the wood chips, the temperature W1 and the carbonization duration T1 satisfy that W1. T1 is not less than 11220 and not more than 20200.

Further, in the step S2, the moisture content of the dried wood chips is 15 to 20%, and particularly the moisture content of the dried wood chips is 18%.

Further, in step S6, the water-cooling structure is a water-cooling spiral, and the water-cooling spiral is four-stage cooling. Fully cooling to 25-30 ℃ to obtain the matrix carbon. Putting the matrix carbon in a physical activation device, conveying high-temperature water vapor into the physical activation device to enable the matrix carbon to be directly contacted with the water vapor, and enabling the water vapor to destroy the cell structure of the matrix carbon to enable the matrix carbon to form countless micro-cavity structures, thus obtaining the activated carbon.

The invention also discloses constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making equipment which comprises a crusher, a conveying belt, a drying furnace, a carbonization device, a combustion device and a physical activation device, wherein the crusher, the conveying belt, the drying furnace and the carbonization device are sequentially connected, and the combustion device is connected with the drying furnace and the carbonization device.

Furthermore, the outlet end of the steam furnace of the combustion device is connected with the cavity and the activation drum, one outlet end of the carbonization furnace is connected with the inlet end of the combustion furnace, and the other outlet end of the carbonization furnace is connected with the feeding screw.

Furthermore, the outlet end of the combustion furnace is connected with a drying furnace.

Further, the combustion device comprises a combustion furnace and a steam furnace, the combustion furnace is connected with the steam furnace, and the steam furnace is connected with a cavity between the carbonization furnace and the heat insulation brick wall.

Further, the physical activation device comprises a feeding screw, a blower and an activation rotary drum which are connected in sequence.

Further, the feeding screw is connected with the outlet end of the water-cooling screw.

Furthermore, the combustion device is connected with the carbonization device and the physical activation device, the carbonization device is connected with the physical activation device, the carbonization device sends matrix carbon into the physical activation device, and the combustion system sends water vapor into the physical activation device.

The charcoal making device comprises a conveying mechanism, a drying mechanism, a carbonization mechanism, a water cooling mechanism and an extrusion mechanism; the conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of belt conveyors, and a double-shaft shredder and a double-roller shredder are arranged between the belt conveyors; the conveying mechanism further comprises a loading forklift for conveying the wood on the ground; the drying mechanism comprises a feeding double helix, the feeding double helix is connected with a feeding lifting belt, the other end of the feeding lifting belt is connected with a single-head helix, and a drying air supply fan is arranged below the single-head helix; the drying and air supplying machine is provided with a drying and heat supplying conveying air pipe which is communicated with the charcoal making roller.

Furthermore, the other end of the single-end spiral is connected with the input end of a drying roller, and a first front support roller and a first rear support roller are arranged on the drying roller; a drying transmission machine is arranged at the end of the drying roller close to the first rear supporting carrier roller; the output end of the drying roller is connected with a primary lifting feeding screw, and the primary lifting feeding screw is connected with a secondary lifting feeding screw; the upper part of the first-level lifting feeding screw is connected with a dust remover, the dust remover is communicated with a drying fan, and the drying fan is communicated with a flue gas dust removal discharge bin.

Further, a charcoal making fan is connected above the secondary lifting feeding screw, the charcoal making fan is provided with a dust remover, the charcoal making fan is connected with a combustible gas conveying pipeline, and the other end of the combustible gas conveying pipeline is communicated with a constant temperature heating device; the other end of the second-stage lifting feeding screw is connected with a charcoal making roller transmission machine, and the other end of the charcoal making roller transmission machine is connected with a second front support carrier roller.

Further, the carbonization mechanism comprises a charcoal making roller mechanism, the charcoal making roller mechanism is connected with the second front supporting roller, and a constant temperature heating device is connected above the charcoal making roller mechanism. The other end of the charcoal making roller mechanism is connected with a second rear supporting roller; the second rear supporting carrier roller is connected with a water cooling mechanism.

Further, water-cooling mechanism includes level four water-cooling helical structure altogether, the back supporting roller of second is connected with one-level cooling screw, and one-level cooling screw is connected with the second grade cooling screw, and second grade cooling screw is connected with tertiary cooling screw, and tertiary cooling screw is connected with level four cooling screw.

Further, the constant-temperature heating device is provided with a flue gas conveying pipeline which is communicated with the charcoal drying chamber; an extrusion mechanism is arranged between the constant-temperature heating device and the molded carbon storage area, the formed carbon is cooled and then processed into matrix carbon by the extrusion mechanism, and then packaging is carried out.

Further, the extrusion mechanism comprises symmetrically arranged carbon powder mixers, the carbon powder mixers are all connected with carbon powder conveying screws, the carbon powder conveying screws are connected with a molded carbon extruder, and the molded carbon extruder is connected with a molded carbon conveying belt; the molded carbon conveying belt conveys the molded carbon to a molded carbon drying chamber, the molded carbon drying chamber is provided with a plurality of molded carbon moving vehicles, and the molded carbon is subjected to centralized treatment by pulling the vehicles.

Further, in order to increase the charcoal production yield and ensure the carbonization quality, the drying temperature W1 and the drying time T1 satisfy the following relationship of W1/T1 being more than or equal to 7.5 and less than or equal to 16.6.

Further, in the constant-temperature carbonization process, in order to ensure the carbonization quality, the heating temperature W2 and the heating time T2 satisfy the following relationship of W2/T2 being greater than or equal to 20.7 and less than or equal to 37.6.

Furthermore, in the whole charcoal making process, a constant temperature method is adopted for making charcoal, and the temperature needs to be strictly controlled so as to ensure good charcoal making efficiency and charcoal yield and reduce heat loss; the drying temperature W1, the drying time T1, the constant temperature heating temperature W2 and the heating time T2 satisfy the following relational expressions:

W2＝α·W1(T2/T1)；

in the formula, the units of W1 and W2 are centigrade, the units of T1 and T1 are minutes, and the value range of α is 1.24-5.01.

In addition, when the system is used, the equipment system, the chain, the rotary roller and packing at two ends of the carbonization furnace are checked firstly, and lubricating oil is added; the cooling water is started, and a cooling water pump of the cooling screw is started; in order to feed materials freely, the production line is started from the back and the front, the starting sequence comprises a cooling screw, a constant-temperature heating device, a charcoal making roller, a primary lifting feeding screw, a secondary lifting feeding screw, a drying main machine, a belt conveyor and a feeding double screw.

Furthermore, the constant temperature heating device adopts gas combustion to heat, and the supply amount of the gas is controlled through a valve so as to control the heat generated by the gas combustion and further control the temperature heating temperature. The heating device is externally built with a wall head which is composed of four layers of refractory materials; the temperature in the constant temperature heating device is less than 1000 ℃ (the carbon making temperature of the device is between 500 ℃ and 750 ℃), and the temperature resistance of the refractory material is 1400 ℃; the temperature is high enough, and the temperature of the outer wall head is less than 40 ℃; in the production process, the generator is started to supply power immediately when power is cut off, the heated carbonization furnace deforms after being stopped for a long time, and a person can shake the speed reducer of the carbonization furnace by a handle while generating power, only a little rotation is needed, the speed reducer can be stopped for half a minute when the speed reducer is rotated by about 20 degrees, the speed reducer is rotated for a little angle and then stopped for half a minute, and the process is circulated. After the power is generated, the person shaking hands leaves and starts the machine immediately by the power generated.

The constant temperature heating device can also receive combustible gas discharged from the carbonization device, and the combustible gas is used for combustion and supplying heat to the drying device, and the combustible gas discharged from the carbonization device does not need to return to a combustion system, and the combustible gas can be used for cooling liquid farmyard manure or used for combustion power generation.

The daily processing timber of the device is 75-80 tons, the occupied land length is 141 meters, and the width is 23 meters; the charcoal rate of the wood with the water content of about 20 percent is about 25 percent.

Preferably, in the carbonization process, in order to reduce the heat loss of the flue gas and increase the heat utilization rate, the particle diameter of the particulate matter in the flue gas satisfies the following conditions:

D·ρ＝(μv₀)^1/2/NT；

wherein D isThe particle diameter cm and mu of the smoke particulate matter are air viscosity Pa.s, v₀Is the initial flow velocity m/s of the flue gas, and rho is the density mg/m of the flue gas³(ii) a N is the gas molar mass; t is the temperature.

Further, v₀The value range of (A) is 5-20 m/s.

Further, the constant temperature carbonization device comprises a heater, a controller, a detector and a power supply; the heater and the detector are both connected with the controller; the power supply can provide various currents/voltages according to requirements and supplies power to the heater, the controller and the detector. The heater is an electric heater and the detector is a temperature sensor, in particular a thermocouple temperature sensor. The electric heater heats, the thermocouple type temperature sensor detects the real-time temperature of the carbonization device, and when the real-time temperature does not reach the threshold value preset by the controller, the controller controls the electric heater to heat all the time, and the temperature continuously rises; when the thermocouple type temperature sensor detects that the real-time temperature of the carbonization device reaches a threshold value preset by the controller, the heater reduces heating power, so that the heat emitted during carbonization and the heat generated by the heater are balanced, and constant-temperature carbonization is realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process provided by the invention, the carbonization of wood in the carbonization device is not carbonized by open fire, but the carbonization device is heated by heat conduction through the combustion system, the combustion system supplies heat to the cavity of the carbonization device, so that the temperature of the carbonization furnace is increased, combustible gas is generated during carbonization of the wood in the carbonization device, and the combustible gas returns to the combustion system through the pipeline to be combusted, so that the combustion system can supply heat to the drying device and the carbonization device through the pipeline, and thus a system for recycling energy is formed.

2. According to the constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process, wood gas is generated after wood is carbonized, an exothermic reaction is performed in the pyrolysis process, the heat generated by the gas for charcoal forming is less, a large amount of redundant heat is generated, and the redundant heat heats water to generate heat to dry raw wood and dry formed charcoal.

3. According to the constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process, the wood can be treated by 75-80 t per day, the preparation efficiency is greatly improved, and the charcoal obtaining rate of the wood with the water content of about 20% can reach 25%. And the specific surface area of the prepared activated carbon material can reach 1365.35m2/g, the micropore content is high, the process cost is low, the synthesis process is simple, and the amplification is easy.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working flow of the constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the transfer mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the feeding part of the drying mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a drying drum of the drying mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the dust removal of the drying mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a carbonization mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the pressing mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the charcoal drying chamber of the present invention.

In the figure: 101. a belt conveyor; 102. a double-shaft shredder; 103. a feeding forklift; 104. a double-roller crusher; 201. feeding double helix; 202. feeding a lifting belt; 203. single-end screw; 204. a drying air supply fan; 205. drying the heat supply conveying air pipe; 301. a first front support roller; 302. drying the roller; 303. a first rear support roller; 304. a drying transmission machine; 401. a first-stage lifting feed screw; 402. a second stage lifting feed screw; 403. a charcoal making roller transmission machine; 404. a combustible gas delivery pipe; 405. a flue gas dedusting and exhausting bin; 406. drying the fan; 407. a charcoal making fan; 408. a dust remover; 409. a second front support roller; 501. a heating device; 504. a charcoal making roller mechanism; 505. a flue gas conveying pipeline; 506. a second rear support roller; 507. a primary cooling screw; 508. a secondary cooling screw; 509. a third stage cooling screw; 5010. a four-stage cooling screw; 5011. a cooling water pump; 5012. a cooling water tank; 601. a carbon powder stirrer; 602. conveying the carbon powder to a screw; 603. a molded carbon extruder; 604. a molded carbon belt conveyor; 605. a charcoal powder storage area; 701. a molded carbon dryer; 702. a molded carbon moving vehicle; 703. and (5) pulling the cart.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.