Non-contact type displacement sensor
阅读说明：本技术 非接触型位移传感器 (Non-contact type displacement sensor ) 是由 久保光司 宍户裕子 于 2019-07-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种非接触型位移传感器,包括：光源,其发射测量光；液体透镜装置,其折射率响应于输入驱动信号而周期性地变化；物镜,其将从光源发射并已经穿过液体透镜装置的测量光照射在可测量物体处；光检测器,接收由可测量物体反射的测量光,并输出光检测信号；以及信号处理器(控制器),其基于从光检测器输出的光检测信号计算测量光聚焦在可测量物体的表面上的聚焦定时,并且基于聚焦定时相对于驱动信号周期的相位获得可测量物体的位置。(A non-contact type displacement sensor comprising: a light source that emits measurement light; a liquid lens device whose refractive index periodically changes in response to an input drive signal; an objective lens that irradiates measurement light emitted from the light source and having passed through the liquid lens device at the measurable object; a photodetector that receives the measurement light reflected by the measurable object and outputs a light detection signal; and a signal processor (controller) that calculates a focus timing at which the measurement light is focused on the surface of the measurable object based on the light detection signal output from the light detector, and obtains the position of the measurable object based on a phase of the focus timing with respect to the period of the drive signal.)
1. A non-contact type displacement sensor comprising:
a light source that emits measurement light;
a liquid lens in which a refractive index periodically changes in response to an input drive signal;
an objective lens that irradiates the measurement light emitted from the light source and having passed through the liquid lens at a measurable object;
a photodetector that receives measurement light reflected by the measurable object and outputs a light detection signal; and
a signal processor that calculates a focus timing at which measurement light is focused on a surface of the measurable object based on a light detection signal output from the light detector, and obtains a position of the measurable object based on a phase of the focus timing with respect to a cycle of the drive signal.
2. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a lens controller serving as a reference signal outputter that outputs a reference signal synchronized with the drive signal, wherein the signal processor calculates a phase of the focus timing with respect to a cycle of the drive signal based on a delay time of the focus timing with respect to the reference signal.
3. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 1,
the signal processor calculates a phase of the focus timing with respect to a cycle of the drive signal based on a time difference between two of the focus timings occurring in one cycle of the drive signal.
4. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
an illuminator that illuminates observation light at the measurable object via the objective lens;
an imaging lens that forms an image of observation light that has passed through the objective lens and the liquid lens after being reflected by the measurable object; and
an image sensor that captures an image formed by the imaging lens.
5. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 2, further comprising:
an illuminator that illuminates observation light at the measurable object via the objective lens;
an imaging lens that forms an image of observation light that has passed through the objective lens and the liquid lens after being reflected by the measurable object; and
an image sensor that captures an image formed by the imaging lens.
6. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 3, further comprising:
an illuminator that illuminates observation light at the measurable object via the objective lens;
an imaging lens that forms an image of observation light that has passed through the objective lens and the liquid lens after being reflected by the measurable object; and
an image sensor capturing an image formed by the imaging lens.
7. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 4, further comprising an image processor which performs deconvolution processing on an image captured by the image sensor.
8. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 5, further comprising an image processor which performs deconvolution processing on an image captured by the image sensor.
9. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 6, further comprising an image processor which performs deconvolution processing on an image captured by the image sensor.
10. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of relay lenses arranged so that positions of an exit pupil of the objective lens and a principal point of the liquid lens are conjugate.
11. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 5, further comprising a plurality of relay lenses arranged so that positions of an exit pupil of the objective lens and a principal point of the liquid lens are conjugate.
12. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 6, further comprising a plurality of relay lenses arranged so that positions of an exit pupil of the objective lens and a principal point of the liquid lens are conjugate.
13. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 7, further comprising a plurality of relay lenses arranged so that positions of an exit pupil of the objective lens and a principal point of the liquid lens are conjugate.
14. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 8, further comprising a plurality of relay lenses arranged so that positions of an exit pupil of the objective lens and a principal point of the liquid lens are conjugate.
15. The non-contact type displacement sensor according to claim 9, further comprising a plurality of relay lenses arranged so that positions of an exit pupil of the objective lens and a principal point of the liquid lens are conjugate.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a non-contact type displacement sensor.
Background
Conventionally, as a non-contact type displacement sensor that measures displacement on the surface of an object to be measured (measurable object), a laser displacement sensor, a color point sensor, and the like are available. In such a non-contact type displacement sensor, the distance from the surface of the measured object is obtained by detecting reflected light from the measured object while changing the focal position of the measurement light.
For example, the laser displacement sensor uses a confocal method or the like, and changes the focal position of the measurement light by driving the objective lens on the optical axis. The distance from the surface of the measured object is obtained based on the positional information of the objective lens on the optical axis when the measurement light reflected on the surface of the measured object is detected (see, for example, japanese patent laid-open No. H11-23219). On the other hand, the color point sensor uses a white confocal method, and changes the focal position of the measurement light for each wavelength by dispersing the white light source by axial chromatic aberration. By analyzing an intensity curve (profile) for each wavelength, wavelength light focused on the surface of the measured object is detected, and the distance to the surface of the measured object is obtained based on the wavelength light (see, for example, japanese patent laid-open No. 2009-122105).
Recently, a variable focal length lens using a liquid lens system (hereinafter, simply referred to as "lens system") in which the refractive index is periodically changed has been developed (U.S. published patent application No. 2010-0177376). The lens system is formed by immersing a cylindrical vibration member formed of a piezoelectric material in a transparent liquid. In the lens system, when an AC voltage is applied to the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the vibration member, the vibration member expands and contracts in the thickness direction, and vibrates the liquid inside the vibration member. By adjusting the frequency of the applied voltage in accordance with the natural frequency of the liquid, a concentric standing wave is formed in the liquid, and concentric regions having different refractive indices centering on the central axis of the vibration member are formed. Therefore, in the lens system, when light passes along the central axis of the vibration member, the light follows a path that is diffused or condensed according to the refractive index of each concentric region.
The above-described lens system and an objective lens (e.g., a common convex lens or a group of lenses) for focusing light are arranged on the same optical axis to configure a variable focal length lens. When parallel light irradiates a general objective lens, the light passing through the lens is focused at a focal position located at a predetermined focal length. In contrast, when parallel light is irradiated to a lens system arranged coaxially with the objective lens, the light is either scattered or condensed by the lens system, and the light passing through the objective lens is focused at a position shifted farther or closer than the original (state without the lens system) focal position. Therefore, in the variable focal length lens, a drive signal (AC voltage of a frequency at which standing waves are generated in the internal liquid) input to the lens system is applied, and by increasing or decreasing the amplitude of the drive signal, the focal position of the variable focal length lens can be controlled within a set range as needed (the lens system can increase or decrease the focal position by a predetermined variable range with reference to the focal length of the objective lens).
In the above-described conventional non-contact type displacement sensor, there are the following cases. The laser displacement sensor requires a lens driving mechanism that drives the objective lens and a scale for measuring the driving amount of the lens driving mechanism, and the configuration of the laser displacement sensor may become complicated. On the other hand, although the color point sensor does not require a lens driving mechanism and a scale, data processing is increased to analyze the intensity curve for each wavelength.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a non-contact type displacement sensor capable of simplifying a configuration and a process.
The non-contact type displacement sensor according to the present invention comprises: a light source that emits measurement light; a liquid lens device whose refractive index periodically changes in response to an input drive signal; an objective lens that irradiates measurement light emitted from the light source and having passed through the liquid lens device at an object to be measured (measurable object); a photodetector that receives the measurement light reflected by the measured object and outputs a light detection signal; and a signal processor that calculates a focus timing at which the measurement light is focused on the surface of the measured object based on the light detection signal output from the light detector, and obtains the position of the measured object based on a phase of the focus timing with respect to the period of the drive signal.
In this configuration, the liquid lens apparatus includes the above-described lens system, and the refractive index is periodically changed in response to an input drive signal. The variable focus lens is configured by a liquid lens arrangement together with the objective lens. The focal position of the measurement light focused by the variable focusing lens is periodically changed in response to a drive signal input to the liquid lens device. In other words, the measurement light emitted from the measurement light source and having passed through the variable focusing lens is irradiated at the measured object while changing the focal position in the optical axis direction. The photodetector receives measurement light reflected by the measured object and outputs a light detection signal. The signal processor calculates a focusing timing at which the measurement light is focused on the surface of the measured object based on the light detection signal output from the light detector. As a method of obtaining the focus timing based on the light detection signal, various focus detection methods such as a confocal method, a two-pinhole method, an astigmatic method, and a knife edge method can be used. For example, when the confocal point method is used, the variable focusing lens configures the optical system such that a photodetection signal output from the photodetector reaches a peak when the focal position of the measurement light is aligned with the surface of the object being measured. In this case, the photodetection signal can be calculated using the peak time of the photodetection signal as the focusing timing.
In this example, the phase of the focus timing with respect to the cycle of the drive signal corresponds to the position of the surface of the measured object on the optical axis through which the objective lens passes. Therefore, based on the phase of the focus timing with respect to the drive signal period, the signal processor can obtain the position of the surface of the measured object on the optical axis by using a function, a table, or the like.
As described above, by using a variable focal length lens, the present invention does not require a lens driving mechanism and a scale which are conventionally required in the configuration of a laser displacement sensor. In addition, the position of the surface of the measured object on the optical axis is found based on the driving signal and the light detection signal, and therefore, processing of a large amount of data performed in the conventional color point sensor is not required. Accordingly, the present invention provides a non-contact type displacement sensor capable of simplifying a configuration and a process.
In the non-contact type displacement sensor according to the present invention, there is further provided a reference signal outputter that outputs a reference signal synchronized with the cycle of the drive signal, and preferably, the signal processor calculates the phase of the focus timing with respect to the cycle of the drive signal based on a delay time of the focus timing with respect to the reference signal. In the present invention, the signal processor can calculate the phase of the focus timing by a simple calculation.
In the non-contact type displacement sensor according to the present invention, preferably, the signal processor calculates the phase of the focus timing with respect to the period of the drive signal based on a time difference between two focus timings occurring in one period of the drive signal. In the present invention, the phase of the focus timing can be calculated by a simpler calculation without a reference signal.
The non-contact type displacement sensor of the present invention preferably further includes an illuminator irradiating observation light at the measured object via the objective lens, an imaging lens forming an image of the observation light passing through the objective lens and the liquid lens device after being reflected by the measured object, and an image capturer capturing the image formed by the imaging lens.
In the present invention, the position of the surface of the measured object can be measured, and an image of the surface of the measured object can be captured at the time of measurement. Therefore, when performing measurement, the state of the measured object can be confirmed by the image. The position of the measuring part in the object to be measured can also be confirmed by the image when the measuring light enters the imaging lens.
The non-contact type displacement sensor of the present invention preferably further comprises an image processor which performs deconvolution processing on the image captured by the image capturer. In the present invention, blur can be removed from a captured image by the image deconvolution processing performed by the image processor. Therefore, observation can be performed with high accuracy over the entire variable range of the focal position of the variable focal length lens.
The non-contact type displacement sensor of the present invention preferably further comprises a plurality of relay lenses arranged to conjugate the positions of the exit pupil of the objective lens and the principal point of the liquid lens device. In the present invention, even when the focal position due to the variable focal length lens is changed, the magnification of the image entering the image capturer is kept constant, and therefore, it is possible to make good observation without fluctuations in the field of view.
According to the present invention, there is provided a non-contact type displacement sensor capable of simplifying the configuration and process.
Drawings
The present invention is further described in the detailed description which follows, in reference to the noted plurality of drawings by way of non-limiting examples of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in which like reference numerals represent similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings, and wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a non-contact type displacement sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a liquid lens apparatus according to the first embodiment;
fig. 3A to 3C are schematic views showing an oscillation state of the liquid lens apparatus according to the first embodiment;
fig. 4A to 4E are schematic views showing a focal position of the liquid lens apparatus according to the first embodiment;
fig. 5 is a block diagram schematically showing a controller according to the first embodiment;
fig. 6 is a graph showing a drive signal, a focus position, a reference signal, and a photo-detection signal according to the first embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a non-contact type displacement sensor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block diagram schematically showing a controller according to a second embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a non-contact type displacement sensor according to a modification of the first embodiment; and
fig. 10 is a schematic view showing a non-contact type displacement sensor according to another modification of the first embodiment.
Detailed Description
The particulars shown herein are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the present invention only and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the present invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the forms of the invention may be embodied in practice.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings.
First embodiment
Non-contact type displacement sensor
As shown in fig. 1, a non-contact type displacement sensor 1 is configured to include a liquid lens device (liquid lens) 3 whose refractive index periodically changes, and to measure a positional change of a surface of a measured object (measurable object) W arranged to intersect an optical axis a passing through the liquid lens device 3. Specifically, the non-contact type displacement sensor 1 includes a light source 6 that emits measurement light Lm, an optical system (a collimator lens 4 and a light guide section 5) that forms an optical path of the measurement light Lm, a liquid lens device 3, an objective lens 2 that constitutes a variable focal length lens 10 together with the liquid lens device 3, and an optical detector 7 that receives the measurement light reflected by the measurement object W.
Further, the non-contact type displacement sensor 1 is provided with a lens controller 8 for controlling the operation of the liquid lens apparatus 3 and a controller 9 for operating the lens controller 8. The controller 9 imports and processes the light detection signal Sm, and also calculates the position of the surface of the measured object W on the optical axis a.
Variable focal length lens
The variable focal length lens 10 is configured with an objective lens 2 and a liquid lens device 3. The objective lens 2 is configured by a known convex lens or a group of lenses. An objective lens 2, such as a liquid lens device 3, is coaxially arranged on the optical axis a. The liquid lens apparatus 3 is provided with a liquid lens system in its interior, and the refractive index is changed in response to a drive signal Cf entered from the lens controller 8. The drive signal Cf is a sinusoidal AC signal of a frequency at which the standing wave is generated in the liquid lens apparatus 3. By changing the refractive index of the liquid lens apparatus 3 with reference to the focal position of the objective lens 2, the focal position Pf of the light passing through the variable focal length lens 10 can be changed as needed.
In fig. 2, the liquid lens apparatus 3 includes a hollow cylindrical housing 31, and a hollow cylindrical oscillating member 32 is mounted inside the housing 31. The oscillating member 32 is supported by spacers 39 made of an elastic body, and the spacers 39 are disposed between the outer peripheral surface 33 of the oscillating member 32 and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 31. The oscillation member 32 is a member in which a piezoelectric material is formed into a hollow cylindrical shape. Since the AC voltage of the drive signal Cf is applied between the outer circumferential surface 33 and the inner circumferential surface 34, the oscillating member 32 oscillates in the thickness direction. The inside of the housing 31 is filled with a highly transparent liquid 35, the entire oscillation member 32 is immersed in the liquid 35, and the inside of the hollow cylindrical oscillation member 32 is filled with the liquid 35. The AC voltage of the drive signal Cf is adjusted to a frequency at which standing waves are generated in the liquid 35 inside the oscillating member 32.
As shown in fig. 3A to 3C, in the liquid lens apparatus 3, when the oscillating member 32 oscillates, a standing wave occurs in the internal liquid 35, and concentric circular regions where refractive indexes alternate occur (see fig. 3A and 3B). At this time, the relationship between the distance (radius) from the central axis of the liquid lens device 3 and the refractive index of the liquid 35 is as shown by the refractive index distribution R shown in fig. 3C.
In fig. 4A to 4E, since the drive signal Cf is a sinusoidal AC signal, the band in the refractive index distribution R of the liquid 35 in the liquid lens apparatus 3 also changes in accordance with the drive signal Cf. Also, the refractive index of the concentric circular area present in the liquid 35 varies sinusoidally, and the focal position Pf varies sinusoidally accordingly. In fig. 4A to 4E, a distance D from the focal position of the objective lens 2 to the focal position Pf is shown. In the state depicted in fig. 4A, the magnitude of the refractive index distribution R is at its maximum, the liquid lens device 3 condenses the passing light, and the focal position Pf is closest to the objective lens 2. In the state depicted in fig. 4B, the refractive index distribution R is flat, the liquid lens apparatus 3 allows the passing light to pass through without being affected, and the focus position Pf is at a standard value. In the state depicted in fig. 4C, the magnitude of the refractive index profile R is at its maximum at the opposite pole to that of fig. 4A, the liquid lens device 3 diffuses the passing light, and the focal position Pf is farthest from the objective lens 2. In the state depicted in fig. 4D, the refractive index distribution R is flat again, the liquid lens apparatus 3 allows the passing light to pass through without being affected, and the focal position Pf is at a standard value. The state depicted in fig. 4E returns again to the state depicted in fig. 4A, and similar fluctuations are repeated thereafter. In this way, in the variable focal length lens 10, the drive signal Cf is a sinusoidal AC signal, and the focus position Pf also fluctuates sinusoidally, as with the fluctuation waveform Mf in fig. 4A to 4E.
In the variable focal length lens 10, by fluctuating the principal point of the variable focal length lens 10, there is also included a case where the focal position Pf can fluctuate while continuously maintaining the focal length (the distance from the principal point of the variable focal length lens 10 to the focal position Pf).
Other optical systems
Referring again to fig. 1, an optical system other than the variable focal length lens 10 in the non-contact type displacement sensor 1 is described. The light source 6 is, for example, a laser light source, and emits measurement light. The light guide portion 5 includes an optical splitter 51 and optical fibers 52 to 54. The optical splitter 51 includes an optical path connecting first ends of each of the optical fibers 52 to 54, and is configured such that light incident from the optical fiber 53 is guided to the optical fiber 52, and light incident from the optical fiber 52 is guided to the optical fiber 54.
The second end of the optical fiber 53 is connected to the light source 6. Therefore, the measurement light Lm emitted from the light source 6 passes through the optical fiber 53, the optical splitter 51, and the optical fiber 52, and is emitted from the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52. In this example, the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52 functions as a point light source. In addition, the second end of the optical fiber 54 is connected to the photodetector 7. Therefore, the measurement light incident on the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52 passes through the optical fiber 52, the optical fiber splitter 51, and the optical fiber 54, and is incident on the photodetector 7. In this example, the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52 is positioned at the focal point Pc on the rear side of the collimator lens 4. In other words, the end surface 520 of the optical fiber 52 is positioned at a position in a conjugate relationship with respect to the focal position Pf by the variable focusing lens 10.
The collimating lens 4 is positioned between the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52 and the liquid lens arrangement 3 on the optical axis a. The collimator lens 4 converts the measurement light Lm emitted from the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52 into parallel light and enters the variable focusing lens 10. Also, the collimator lens 4 collects the measurement light Lm reflected by the measurement object W and passing through the variable focusing lens 10 again.
The photodetector 7 is, for example, a photomultiplier, a photodiode, or the like, and is connected to the second end of the optical fiber 54. The photodetector 7 receives the measurement light Lm entered via the optical fiber 54, and outputs a photodetection signal Sm according to the intensity of the received light.
In the above configuration, the measurement light Lm emitted from the light source 6 is collimated by the collimator lens 4 along the optical axis a after being emitted from the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52 via the light guide section 5, and is irradiated at the object W to be measured via the variable focusing lens 10. The measurement light Lm reflected by the surface of the measured object W is collected by the collimator lens 4 after passing through the variable focusing lens 10. In this example, the focal position Pf of the variable focal length lens 10 periodically changes in the direction of the optical axis a. Therefore, only when the focal point position Pf is aligned with the surface of the object W to be measured, the measurement light Lm reflected on the surface forms a light spot at the focal point Pc on the rear side of the collimator lens 4 and enters the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52. Therefore, when the focal position Pf is aligned with the surface of the measured object W, the measurement light Lm incident on the photodetector 7 is maximized. In other words, when the focal position Pf is aligned with the surface of the object W to be measured, the photodetection signal Sm output from the photodetector 7 reaches a peak.
Lens controller
As shown in fig. 5, the lens controller 8 is configured as a control device that controls the operation of the liquid lens apparatus 3, and includes a drive signal outputter 81 that outputs a drive signal Cf to the liquid lens apparatus 3. In addition, the lens controller 8 includes a reference signal outputter 82, and the reference signal outputter 82 outputs a reference signal Sc synchronized with the period of the drive signal Cf to the signal processor 92 in a pulse form. The output timing of the reference signal Sc with respect to the cycle of the drive signal Cf can be arbitrarily set. In the present embodiment, the reference signal Sc rises once every two times when the drive signal Cf crosses the level 0 (for example, in fig. 6, timing when the fluctuation waveform Mf of the focal position Pf reaches a positive peak).
Controller
The controller 9 is configured by a personal computer or the like, and includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory. The controller 9 performs a desired function by executing predetermined software, and includes a lens definer 91 that defines the lens controller 8 and a signal processor 92 that processes various input signals. Also, the controller 9 includes a memory 93 configured by a memory or the like.
The lens definer 91 performs settings such as the frequency, amplitude, and maximum drive voltage of the drive signal Cf output by the lens controller 8. In the liquid lens apparatus 3, the number of resonance changes due to changes in the atmospheric temperature and the like. Therefore, the lens definer 91 changes the frequency of the drive signal Cf in real time by feedback control, and realizes stable operation of the liquid lens apparatus 3.
In the signal processor 92, the photo-detection signal Sm enters from the photo-detector 7, and the reference signal Sc enters from the lens controller 8. The signal processor 92 calculates the position of the surface of the measurement object W on the optical axis a (measurement object position Pw) by performing processing based on the photodetection signal Sm and the reference signal Sc. The signal processing method of the signal processor 92 is described later. In the memory 93, a table 94 prepared in advance by using a calibration workpiece or the like is stored. In table 94, the phases of the measured object position Pw and the focus timing T with respect to the cycle of the drive signal CfIn relation to each other, as will be described hereinafter.
Signal processor
Next, the processing of the signal processor 92 according to the present embodiment is described. The signal processor 92 obtains the reference signal Sc and the photodetection signal Sm after starting the measuring operation of the non-contact type displacement sensor 1, as shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, the focal position Pf of the variable focal length lens 10 periodically changes with the same period as the drive signal Cf, and the reference signal Sc synchronized with the period of the drive signal Cf (the period of the fluctuation waveform Mf of the focal position Pf) is output in pulses. Further, in fig. 6, an example of the measured object position Pw located within the variable range of the focal position Pf is shown. When the focal position Pf is aligned with the measured object position Pw (focus timing T), the light detection signal Sm shows a peak, and two peaks per one cycle of the drive signal Cf are displayed.
First, the signal processor 92 calculates a delay time Δ T of the focus timing T with respect to the reference signal Sc after calculating the peak time of the photodetection signal Sm as the focus timing T. In the present embodiment, as the delay time Δ T of the focus timing T with respect to the reference signal Sc, the time from the rise of the reference signal Sc to the focus timing T immediately after the reference signal Sc is calculated.
Then, the signal processor 92 calculates the phase of the focus timing T with respect to the cycle of the drive signal Cf based on the delay time Δ T
The phase of the focus timing T found in this manner
Then, the signal processor 92 refers to the table 94 based on the phase of the calculated focus timing T
Effect of the first embodiment
By using the variable focal length lens 10, the non-contact type displacement sensor 1 according to the present embodiment does not require a lens driving mechanism and a scale which are conventionally required in the configuration of a laser displacement sensor. In addition, the measured object position Pw is obtained by using the drive signal Cf and the photo detection signal Sm, and therefore, processing of a large amount of data performed in the conventional color point sensor is not required. Therefore, the present embodiment provides the non-contact type displacement sensor 1 capable of simplifying the configuration and process. Also, in the present embodiment, the phase of the focus timing T with respect to the period of the drive signal Cf is calculated by calculating the delay time Δ T of the focus timing T with respect to the reference signal Sc based on the delay time Δ T of the focus timing T with respect to the reference signal Sc
In addition, the non-contact type displacement sensor 1 according to the present embodiment facilitates switching of the magnification of the objective lens 2, which is difficult in the conventional art. Specifically, in the conventional art, a laser displacement sensor has an objective lens incorporated into a lens driving mechanism, and a color point sensor has an objective lens modularized with a special lens group that disperses white light by axial chromatic aberration. Therefore, in the laser displacement sensor and the color point sensor, it is difficult to replace only different types of objective lenses having different magnifications, and separate devices are required to perform measurements at different measurement ranges and resolutions. However, in the non-contact type displacement sensor 1 according to the present embodiment, it is not necessary to integrate the objective lens with other configurations as in the related art. Therefore, it is easy to configure the objective lens 2 to be switchable with different objective lenses 2 having different magnifications.
In the present embodiment, the confocal optical system is configured for the focal position Pf to detect the focal timing T aligned with the surface of the measured object W. Therefore, the measurement accuracy can be improved because the measurement accuracy due to the surface characteristics such as the inclination and the roughness of the surface of the measured object W is hardly affected, as compared with the case of using other focus detection methods. Also, by using the optical fiber 52, the light source 6 and the light detector 7 as heat sources can be placed at positions away from the portion as the measurement head, and the thermal effect on the measurement can be reduced. Further, the end face 520 of the optical fiber 52 serves as both a point light source and a pinhole for confocal optical system detection, and therefore, the number of adjustment steps of manufacturing can be significantly reduced.
Second embodiment
A non-contact type displacement sensor 1A according to a second embodiment is described with reference to fig. 7 and 8. Further, in the second embodiment, configurations similar to those of the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.
The non-contact type displacement sensor 1A of the second embodiment has an additional configuration for observing the measured object W with respect to the non-contact type displacement sensor 1 of the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 7, the non-contact type displacement sensor 1A includes an illuminator 11, a light separating section 14, a reflection plate 15, an imaging lens 16, and an image capturer (image sensor, imaging element) 17, in addition to the configuration described in the first embodiment.
The illuminator 11 includes a light source 112, an illumination optical system 113, and a beam splitter 114. The light source 112 is, for example, a Light Emitting Diode (LED), and emits observation light having different wavelengths to the light source 6. The illumination optical system 113 eliminates observation light emitted from the light source 112. The beam splitter 114 is arranged between the objective lens 2 and the liquid lens device 3, and reflects observation light incident from the illumination optical system 113 to the measured object W side. In addition, the beam splitter 114 allows measurement light Lm advancing along the optical axis a and observation light reflected by the measurement object W to pass therethrough. In this way, the observation light emitted from the illuminator 11 is irradiated at the measured object W via the objective lens 2.
The light separating section 14 is, for example, a beam splitter or a dichroic mirror, and is disposed between the liquid lens device 3 and the collimator lens 4. The light separating section 14 separates the light (the measurement light Lm and the observation light) reflected by the measured object W, which has again passed through the variable focusing lens 10, into light advancing toward the collimator lens 4 and light advancing toward the image capturer 17. For example, the light separating section 14 may separate the light reflected by the measured object W that passes through the variable focusing lens 10A again based on the wavelength. Then, the measurement light Lm may proceed toward the collimator lens 4, and the observation light may proceed toward the image capturer 17. Alternatively, the light separating section 14 may simply separate the light reflected by the measured object W that again passes through the variable focusing lens 10A at an arbitrary ratio without distinguishing the measurement light Lm and the observation light.
In this configuration, the measurement light reflected by the measurement object W, passing through the light separating section 14 after passing through the variable focusing lens 10A again, is collected after entering the collimator lens 4. On the other hand, observation light reflected by the measurement object W and reflected by the light separating portion 14 after passing through the variable focusing lens 10A again is formed into an image by the imaging lens 16 via the reflection plate 15 or the like. The image capturer 17 captures an image formed by the imaging lens 16.
The variable focal length lens 10A includes a plurality of relay lenses 21 and 22 between the objective lens 2 and the liquid lens device 3. The relay lenses 21 and 22 are arranged to conjugate the positions of the principal points of the liquid lens device 3 and the exit pupil of the objective lens 2, and perform relay of the exit pupil of the objective lens 2 while maintaining a telecentric optical system. Therefore, even when the focal position Pf fluctuates, the magnification of the image incident on the image capturer 17 is kept constant.
As shown in fig. 8, the controller 9A includes an image processor 95. An image processor 95 imports and processes images from the image capturer 17. In this example, the focal position Pf is periodically changed while the observation light irradiated at the measured object W is continuously illuminated. Therefore, the image captured by the image capturer 17 is a mixture between an image focused on the surface of the measured object W and an image not focused on the surface. As a result, the image is blurred.
The image processor 95 generates an extended focal depth image by performing deconvolution processing on the image imported from the image capturer 17. As for a specific method of the deconvolution processing, for example, japanese patent laid-open No. 2015-104136 can be referred to.
In this non-contact type displacement sensor 1A, the position of the surface of the object W to be measured on the optical axis a is measured, and the surface of the object W to be measured can also be captured. Therefore, while the measurement is performed, the state of the measured object W can be checked by the image. In particular, when the measurement light enters the image capturer 17, the position of the measurement portion in the measured object W can be confirmed by the image. In addition, the extended depth-of-focus image is an image in which blur is removed from the captured image, and therefore, observation can be performed with high accuracy over the entire variable range of the focal position Pf in the variable focal length lens 10A. In addition, even when the focal position Pf fluctuates, the magnification of the image incident on the image capturer 17 is kept constant, and therefore, excellent observation is possible without fluctuation in the field of view.
Modifying
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes modifications and improvements within the scope in which the advantages of the present invention can be achieved.
In the above-described various embodiments, the fluctuation waveforms Mf of the drive signal Cf and the focal point position Pf are sine waves, but they may be triangular waves, sawtooth waves, rectangular waves, or some other waveforms. The specific configuration of the liquid lens apparatus 3 may be modified as needed, and the housing 31 and the vibration member 32 may be hexagonal cylindrical shapes or the like other than cylindrical shapes, and these dimensions and properties of the liquid 35 may also be appropriately selected.
In various embodiments, an infinite distance correction optical system (an optical system in which parallel light of the collimator lens 4 enters the variable focal length lenses 10 and 10A) is configured by the variable focal length lens 10(10A) and the collimator lens 4 together. For example, as shown in fig. 9, in a non-contact type displacement sensor 1B as a modification of the first embodiment, a finite distance correction optical system may be configured by a variable focal length lens 10 without a collimator lens 4. With the above configuration, effects similar to those of the first embodiment can be achieved.
In various embodiments, pinholes may be used without the light guide section 5. For example, as shown in fig. 10, a non-contact type displacement sensor 1C as a modification of the first embodiment may be provided with a beam splitter 55 and pinhole members 56 and 57 instead of the light guide section 5. Specifically, the beam splitter 55 is configured to bend the measurement light Lm emitted from the light source 6 toward the collimator lens 4, and to pass the light entering from the collimator lens 4 side through the pinhole member 57 side. The pinhole member 56 is arranged between the beam splitter 55 and the light source 6. By causing the light source 6 to emit the measurement light Lm through the pinhole of the pinhole member 56, the pinhole becomes a point light source. The pinhole member 57 is arranged between the beam splitter 55 and the photodetector 7, and has a pinhole arranged at a focal point on the rear side of the collimator lens 4. The measurement light Lm focused with and reflected by the measured object W enters the photodetector 7 after passing through the pinhole of the pinhole member 57. With the above configuration, effects similar to those of the first embodiment can be achieved.
In various embodiments, the non-contact type displacement sensors 1 and 1A obtain the focus timing T using the confocal point method, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Specifically, the non-contact type displacement sensors 1 and 1A can obtain the focus timing using other various focus detection methods such as a two-pinhole method, an astigmatism method, a knife edge method, and the like. For example, when the non-contact type displacement sensors 1 and 1A configure a double-pin-hole type optical system, the focus timing T may be obtained by setting photo detectors before and after a focus position forming a conjugate relationship with the focus position Pf, respectively, and performing calculation based on photo detection signals output from the respective photo detectors. In the confocal point method, it is necessary to detect the peak position of the photodetection signal Sm in order to obtain the focus timing T. Although the calculation of the detection is complicated, the two-pinhole method, the astigmatism method, and the knife edge method use simpler calculation required to obtain the focus timing T, as compared with the confocal method. Therefore, by adopting these methods, the operation time can be reduced to perform high-speed measurement.
In various embodiments, as the delay time Δ T of the focus timing T with respect to the reference signal Sc, a time from a rise time of the reference signal Sc to the focus timing T immediately after the reference signal Sc is measured. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the measurement may start from the rise time of the reference signal Sc. In addition, the time from the reference signal Sc to the second focusing timing T may be measured instead of the time from the reference signal Sc to the first focusing timing T.
In various embodiments, the non-contact type displacement sensors 1 and 1A are provided with the reference signal outputter 82, and the signal processor 92 calculates the phase of the focus timing T based on the delay time Δ T of the focus timing T with respect to the reference signal ScHowever, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the non-contact type displacement sensors 1 and 1A may not include the reference signal outputter 82. In this case, the signal processor 92 may calculate the phase of the focus timing T based on the time difference between two focus timings T appearing in one cycle of the drive signal Cf
According to this method, the phase of the focus timing T can be calculated by simpler calculation
In various embodiments, the signal processor 92 obtains the measured object position Pw by referring to a table 94 in which the delay time Δ t and the measured object position Pw are associated with each other. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the signal processor 92 may calculate the measured object position Pw by using a calculation expression representing the relationship between the delay time Δ t and the measured object position Pw.
In various embodiments, the controller 9 may include a reference signal outputter instead of the lens controller 8 including the reference signal outputter 82. Alternatively, the reference signal outputter may be configured separately from the lens controller 8 and the controller 9. In addition, the lens controller 8 and the controller 9 may be configured as an integrated control device.
In the second embodiment, the extended focus depth image is generated by performing deconvolution processing on the out-of-focus image. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in the second embodiment, the light source 112 of the illuminator 11 may be of the type that performs pulse emission. In this case, for example, the light source 112 is controlled by the controller 9A. The light source 112 preferably emits light in a phase with respect to the driving signal Cf and a light emission signal set based on the amplitude. Therefore, a desired image can be obtained at the desired focal position Pf.
The present invention can be used as a non-contact type displacement sensor that can simplify the configuration and process.
It is noted that the foregoing examples have been provided merely for the purpose of explanation and are in no way to be construed as limiting of the present invention. While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Changes may be made, within the purview of the appended claims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention in its aspects. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular structure, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein; rather, the invention extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses, such as are within the scope of the appended claims.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.