Superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with gradient transmission line
阅读说明：本技术 具有渐变传输线的超导纳米线单光子探测系统 (Superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with gradient transmission line ) 是由 李�浩 胡鹏 尤立星 王镇 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种具有渐变传输线的超导纳米线单光子探测系统,包括：超导纳米线单光子探测器；渐变传输线,一端与超导纳米线单光子探测器相连接；高通滤波器,一端与渐变传输线连接于超导纳米线单光子探测器的一端相连接,另一端接地；三端口器件,三端口器件的第一端口与渐变传输线远离所述超导纳米线单光子探测器及高通滤波器的一端相连接；电流源,一端与三端口器件的第二端口相连接；放大器,放大器的输入端与三端口器件的第三端口相连接,放大器的接地端接地；超导纳米线单光子探测器、渐变传输线及高通滤波器集成于同一芯片上。本发明可以实现高频信号的放大,降低时间抖动及提高计数率等超导纳米线单光子探测器的整体性能。(The invention provides a superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a gradient transmission line, which comprises: a superconducting nanowire single photon detector; one end of the gradient transmission line is connected with the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector; one end of the high-pass filter is connected with one end of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, which is connected with the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the high-pass filter is grounded; the first port of the three-port device is connected with one end, far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter, of the gradual change transmission line; one end of the current source is connected with the second port of the three-port device; the input end of the amplifier is connected with the third port of the three-port device, and the grounding end of the amplifier is grounded; the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, the gradient transmission line and the high-pass filter are integrated on the same chip. The invention can realize the amplification of high-frequency signals, reduce time jitter and improve the overall performance of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector such as counting rate.)
1. A superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line, comprising:
a superconducting nanowire single photon detector;
one end of the gradient transmission line is connected with the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector;
one end of the high-pass filter is connected with one end of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, which is connected with the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the high-pass filter is grounded;
the three-port device comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the first port of the three-port device is connected with one end, far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter, of the gradient transmission line;
a current source having one end connected to the second port of the three-port device;
the amplifier comprises an input end, an output end and a grounding end; the input end of the amplifier is connected with the third port of the three-port device, and the grounding end of the amplifier is grounded;
the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, the gradient transmission line and the high-pass filter are integrated on the same chip.
2. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with graded transmission line of claim 1 wherein the equivalent circuit of the superconducting nanowire single photon detector comprises:
one end of the equivalent dynamic inductor is connected with the gradual change transmission line;
one end of the equivalent dynamic inductor is connected with one end of the equivalent dynamic inductor, which is far away from the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the equivalent dynamic inductor is grounded;
and one end of the switch is connected with one end of the equivalent dynamic inductor, which is far away from the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the switch is grounded.
3. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with graded transmission line of claim 1 wherein the high pass filter comprises:
one end of the filter resistor is connected with one end of the gradual change transmission line;
and one end of the filter inductor is connected with one end of the filter resistor, which is far away from the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the filter inductor is grounded.
4. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with graded transmission line of claim 1, wherein the three-port device comprises:
one end of the port inductor is connected with the current source, and the other end of the port inductor is connected with one end of the gradient transmission line, which is far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter;
and one end of the port capacitor is connected with one end of the gradient transmission line, which is far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter, and the other end of the port capacitor is connected with the input end of the amplifier.
5. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with graded transmission line of claim 1, wherein the amplifier comprises:
one end of the amplifier capacitor is connected with the third port of the three-port device;
and one end of the amplifier resistor is connected with one end of the amplifier capacitor, which is far away from the three-port device, and the other end of the amplifier resistor is grounded.
6. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with graded transmission line of claim 1 further comprising:
one end of the first coaxial cable is connected with one end of the gradient transmission line, which is far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter;
one end of the second coaxial cable is connected with one end of the first coaxial cable, which is far away from the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the second coaxial cable is connected with the first port of the three-port device;
and one end of the third coaxial cable is connected with the third port of the three-port device, and the other end of the third coaxial cable is connected with the input end of the amplifier.
7. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line of claim 1 wherein the width of the graded transmission line gradually increases from the end connected to the superconducting nanowire single photon detector to the end connected to the first port of the three-port device.
8. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with graded transmission lines of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the impedance of the graded transmission lines satisfies Klopfenstein profile impedance relationship to achieve impedance matching of the superconducting nanowire single photon detector with peripheral readout circuitry including at least the three-port device and the amplifier.
9. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line of claim 8, wherein the graded transmission line comprises a plurality of sections of graded lines connected in sequence, the width of each section of graded line is determined by the characteristic impedance of each section of graded line, and the characteristic impedance of each section of graded line is determined by the material of the superconducting nanowires in the superconducting nanowire single photon detector.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical detection, and particularly relates to a superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a gradient transmission line.
Background
The Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector (SNSPD) is a novel single photon detection technology developed in recent ten years, and the biggest advantages of the SNSPD are ultrahigh detection efficiency, fast response speed, almost negligible dark count and extremely low time jitter, and the spectral response range can cover visible light to infrared bands. In 2001, the Gol' tsman group at Moscow university firstly prepared a superconducting nanowire with a width of 200nm by using a NbN ultrathin film with a thickness of 5nm, successfully realized single photon detection from visible light to near infrared band, and started the pioneer of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector. Since then, research on SNSPD has been carried out by several countries and research groups in Europe, America, Russia, Japan, and the like. Through the development of more than ten years, the detection efficiency of the SNSPD at the wavelength of 1.55 μm is improved from less than 1% to 90%, which is far beyond the detection efficiency of the semiconductor SPD. In addition to this, its excellent performance in terms of dark counts, low time jitter, high count rates, etc. has been demonstrated in numerous application areas. Therefore, the SNSPD with excellent performance near the near-infrared band undoubtedly provides a good tool for application of laser radar, quantum information and the like.
At present, SNSPD becomes a research hotspot in the fields of superconducting electronics and single photon detection, and the technological development in the fields of quantum information, laser radar and the like is powerfully promoted. The international well-known organization in the SNSPD field includes MIT, JPL, NIST in the United states, NICT in Japan, MSPU in Russia, etc. At present, the device with the highest detection efficiency of the optical fiber communication waveband of 1550nm is researched and developed by adopting a very low temperature superconducting material WSi (working temperature <1K) for the American NIST, the detection efficiency reaches 93%, and the highest detection efficiency of SNSPD researched and developed by adopting a low temperature superconducting material NbN (working temperature >2K) also reaches more than 90%. Besides scientific research institutions, 6 companies mainly engaged in SNSPD related technical products are currently in the world.
With the development of SNSPD technology, people have pursued high efficiency and simultaneously pursued consistent improvement of overall performance such as low time jitter, high counting rate and the like in recent years. On one hand, researchers are constantly searching for devices with excellent overall performance, and on the other hand, the application requirements of devices with high efficiency, low jitter and high count in applications such as laser ranging imaging are more and more urgent. However, the conventional superconducting nanowire single photon detection system has the problem that the system has high efficiency, extremely low time jitter, high counting, practicability and other comprehensive excellent performances at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a gradual change transmission line, which is used to solve the problems of high time jitter, low counting rate, etc. of the superconducting nanowire single photon detection system in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line, comprising:
a superconducting nanowire single photon detector;
one end of the gradient transmission line is connected with the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector;
one end of the high-pass filter is connected with one end of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, which is connected with the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the high-pass filter is grounded;
the three-port device comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the first port of the three-port device is connected with one end, far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter, of the gradient transmission line;
a current source having one end connected to the second port of the three-port device;
the amplifier comprises an input end, an output end and a grounding end; the input end of the amplifier is connected with the third port of the three-port device, and the grounding end of the amplifier is grounded;
the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, the gradient transmission line and the high-pass filter are integrated on the same chip.
Optionally, the equivalent circuit of the superconducting nanowire single photon detector includes:
one end of the equivalent dynamic inductor is connected with the gradual change transmission line;
one end of the equivalent dynamic inductor is connected with one end of the equivalent dynamic inductor, which is far away from the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the equivalent dynamic inductor is grounded;
and one end of the switch is connected with one end of the equivalent dynamic inductor, which is far away from the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the switch is grounded.
Optionally, the high pass filter comprises:
one end of the filter resistor is connected with one end of the gradual change transmission line;
and one end of the filter inductor is connected with one end of the filter resistor, which is far away from the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the filter inductor is grounded.
Optionally, the three-port device comprises:
one end of the port inductor is connected with the current source, and the other end of the port inductor is connected with one end of the gradient transmission line, which is far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter;
and one end of the port capacitor is connected with one end of the gradient transmission line, which is far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter, and the other end of the port capacitor is connected with the input end of the amplifier.
Optionally, the amplifier comprises:
one end of the amplifier capacitor is connected with the third port of the three-port device;
and one end of the amplifier resistor is connected with one end of the amplifier capacitor, which is far away from the three-port device, and the other end of the amplifier resistor is grounded.
Optionally, the superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line further comprises:
one end of the first coaxial cable is connected with one end of the gradient transmission line, which is far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter;
one end of the second coaxial cable is connected with one end of the first coaxial cable, which is far away from the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the second coaxial cable is connected with the first port of the three-port device;
and one end of the third coaxial cable is connected with the third port of the three-port device, and the other end of the third coaxial cable is connected with the input end of the amplifier.
Optionally, the width of the gradual change transmission line gradually increases from the end connected with the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector to the end connected with the first port of the three-port device.
Optionally, the impedance of the tapered transmission line satisfies Klopfenstein profile impedance relationship, so as to realize impedance matching of the superconducting nanowire single photon detector and a peripheral readout circuit at least including the three-port device and the amplifier.
Optionally, the gradual-change transmission line comprises a plurality of sections of gradual-change lines connected in sequence, the width of each section of gradual-change line is determined by the characteristic impedance of each section of gradual-change line, and the characteristic impedance of each section of gradual-change line is determined by the material of the superconducting nanowire in the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector.
As mentioned above, the superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with the gradual change transmission line has the following beneficial effects: according to the superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system with the gradient transmission line, the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the gradient transmission line are integrated on the same chip, so that impedance matching between the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and a peripheral reading circuit can be realized, high-frequency signals can be amplified, and time jitter is greatly reduced; by integrating the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter on the same chip, low-frequency signals can be shaped and removed, so that the counting rate is improved, and the overall performance of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector is greatly improved.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows a circuit diagram of a superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line provided by the invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
10 superconducting nanowire single photon detector
11 gradual change transmission line
12 high-pass filter
13 three-port device
14 current source
15 amplifier
16 chips
17 first coaxial cable
18 second coaxial cable
19 third coaxial cable
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only schematic and illustrate the basic idea of the present invention, and although the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line. The superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with the gradient transmission line comprises: a superconducting nanowire single photon detector 10; one end of the gradient transmission line 11 is connected with the superconducting nanowire single photon detector 10; one end of the high-pass filter 12 is connected with one end of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector 10, which is connected with the gradient transmission line 11, and the other end of the high-pass filter 12 is grounded; a three-port device 13, where the three-port device 13 includes a first port, a second port, and a third port, and the first port of the three-port device 13 is connected to one end of the gradient transmission line 11, which is far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector 10 and the high-pass filter 12; a current source 14, wherein one end of the current source 14 is connected with the second port of the three-port device 13; the amplifier 15, the said amplifier 15 includes input end, carry-out terminal and earthing terminal; the input end of the amplifier 15 is connected to the third port of the three-port device 14, and the ground end of the amplifier 15 is grounded; the superconducting nanowire single photon detector 10, the gradient transmission line 11 and the high-pass filter 12 are integrated on the same chip 16. According to the superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system with the gradient transmission line, the superconducting nanowire single-
The superconducting nanowire
As an example, the equivalent circuit of the superconducting nanowire
As an example, the
As an example, the three-
As an example, the first port of the three-
As an example, the
As an example, the superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line may further include: one end of the first coaxial cable 17 is connected with one end of the gradient transmission line 11, which is far away from the superconducting nanowire single-
Specifically, since the
It should be noted that, when the superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line includes the first coaxial cable 17, the second
As an example, the width of the gradual change transmission line 11 gradually increases from the end connected with the superconducting nanowire
As an example, the tapered transmission line 11 may include a plurality of sections of tapered lines connected in sequence.
Specifically, since the superconducting nanowire is high-impedance and the peripheral readout circuit is 50-ohm impedance matching, the purpose of the gradual change transmission line 11 is to gradually change the high impedance of the superconducting nanowire from one to 50-ohm impedance, so as to realize the impedance matching between the superconducting nanowire single-
More specifically, the impedance of the tapered transmission line 11 satisfies a Klopfenstein profile impedance relationship, so as to implement impedance matching between the superconducting nanowire single-
It should be noted that the Klopfenstein profile gradient characteristic impedance relationship is to obtain the characteristic impedance corresponding to each section of the gradient line based on the initial characteristic impedance of the gradient transmission line 11 (i.e. the characteristic impedance of the end of the gradient transmission line 11 connected with the superconducting nanowire single photon detector 10) and the final characteristic impedance of the gradient transmission line 11 (i.e. the characteristic impedance of the end of the gradient transmission line 11 connected with the first coaxial cable 17).
As an example, the width of each section of the gradient line is determined by the characteristic impedance of each section of the gradient line, and the characteristic impedance of each section of the gradient line is determined by parameters such as the material of the superconducting nanowire in the superconducting nanowire single photon detector; specifically, the gradual change transmission line 11 is introduced through Sonnet software (different superconducting nanowires have different parameters such as square inductance), the width of the gradual change line is changed to obtain corresponding characteristic impedance under different widths, and a function of characteristic impedance changing along with the width of the gradual change line is obtained through fitting; and inputting the characteristic impedance into the function, and solving to obtain the width of the corresponding gradient of each section of characteristic impedance.
In summary, the present invention provides a superconducting nanowire single photon detection system with a graded transmission line, comprising: a superconducting nanowire single photon detector; one end of the gradient transmission line is connected with the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector; one end of the high-pass filter is connected with one end of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, which is connected with the gradual change transmission line, and the other end of the high-pass filter is grounded; the three-port device comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the first port of the three-port device is connected with one end, far away from the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter, of the gradient transmission line; a current source having one end connected to the second port of the three-port device; the amplifier comprises an input end, an output end and a grounding end; the input end of the amplifier is connected with the third port of the three-port device, and the grounding end of the amplifier is grounded; the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, the gradient transmission line and the high-pass filter are integrated on the same chip. According to the superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system with the gradient transmission line, the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the gradient transmission line are integrated on the same chip, so that impedance matching between the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and a peripheral reading circuit can be realized, high-frequency signals can be amplified, and time jitter is greatly reduced; by integrating the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and the high-pass filter on the same chip, low-frequency signals can be shaped and removed, so that the counting rate is improved, and the overall performance of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector is greatly improved.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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