Data transmission method and equipment
阅读说明：本技术 一种数据传输方法及设备 (Data transmission method and equipment ) 是由 孙伟 于 2018-08-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请提供的数据传输方案中,数据节点设备根据当前周期数据的切片尺寸,对数据切片后进行传输。在进行数据传输时,数据节点设备获取当前周期内数据节点设备的活跃连接的数量以及所述活跃连接的数据输出量,根据所述活跃连接的数量和所述活跃连接的数据输出量,获得所述数据节点设备的网络质量参考值,然后通过根据所述网络质量参考值,调整下一周期数据的切片尺寸。因此在网络质量较差时,若减小数据的切片尺寸,使得每个数据片段更小,虽然会增加总体的传输次数,但可以减少每个数据片段的下载时间,降低了播放视频时的后续片段无法及时完成下载的可能性,因此可以减少卡顿、中断等影响用户体验的情况。(In the data transmission scheme provided by the application, the data node equipment transmits the data after slicing according to the slice size of the current period data. When data transmission is carried out, the data node equipment acquires the number of active connections of the data node equipment and the data output quantity of the active connections in the current period, acquires a network quality reference value of the data node equipment according to the number of the active connections and the data output quantity of the active connections, and then adjusts the slice size of data in the next period according to the network quality reference value. Therefore, when the network quality is poor, if the slice size of the data is reduced, each data segment is made smaller, although the total transmission times are increased, the downloading time of each data segment can be reduced, and the possibility that the subsequent segments cannot be downloaded in time when the video is played is reduced, so that the conditions of blocking, interruption and the like which affect the user experience can be reduced.)
1. A data transmission method, wherein the method comprises:
acquiring the number of active connections of data node equipment in a current period and the data output quantity of the active connections, wherein the data node equipment transmits data after slicing according to the slicing size of data in the current period;
obtaining a network quality reference value of the data node equipment according to the number of the active connections and the data output quantity of the active connections;
and adjusting the slice size of the data in the next period according to the network quality reference value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein before obtaining the network quality reference value of the data node device according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections, further comprising:
determining that the number of active connections is greater than or equal to a connection number calculation threshold.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
keeping the slice size of the data of the next period unchanged when the number of the active connections is determined to be less than the connection number calculation threshold.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining a network quality reference value for the data node device based on the number of active connections and the amount of data output for the active connections comprises:
and calculating the standard deviation of the data output quantity according to the number of the active connections and the data output quantity of the active connections, and determining the standard deviation as a network quality reference value of the data node equipment.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the slice size of the next period data according to the network quality reference value comprises:
and when the network quality reference value is smaller than a first threshold value, reducing the slice size of the next period data.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein reducing the slice size of the next cycle data when the network quality reference value is less than a first threshold comprises:
when the network quality reference value is smaller than a first threshold value, judging whether the slice size of the data in the current period reaches a size lower limit value;
if the size does not reach the lower limit value of the size, the slice size of the data in the next period is reduced.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein adjusting the slice size of the next period data according to the network quality reference value comprises:
and when the network quality reference value is larger than a second threshold value, increasing the slice size of the next period data, wherein the second threshold value is larger than the first threshold value.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein increasing the slice size of the next cycle data when the network quality reference value is greater than a second threshold comprises:
when the network quality reference value is larger than a second threshold value, judging whether the slice size of the data in the current period reaches a size upper limit value;
and if the size does not reach the upper limit value of the size, increasing the slice size of the data in the next period.
9. A data node apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises:
the transmission device is used for transmitting the data after slicing according to the slice size of the current period data;
the detection device is used for acquiring the number of active connections of the data node equipment in the current period and the data output quantity of the active connections;
a network state judging device, configured to obtain a network quality reference value of the data node device according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections;
and the slice adjusting device is used for adjusting the slice size of the data in the next period according to the network quality reference value.
10. A data node device comprising a memory for storing computer program instructions and a processor for executing the computer program instructions, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, trigger the device to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of information technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method and device.
Background
At present, the M3U8 format is widely used in existing video playing systems for viewing, and data transmission is performed through a distributed network architecture, so as to improve the transmission efficiency of data. The M3U8 file refers to an M3U file in UTF-8 encoding format. The M3U file is a file recorded with index plain text, and when the client opens the M3U file, the client finds the network address of the corresponding audio/video file according to the index of the file to play online. The distributed network architecture is a mesh structure formed by connecting data node devices distributed at different places, and each data node device is connected with other data node devices by at least two links. When any link fails, data can pass through other links, so that when a user needs to access the data of the source station, the network reliability is high, and meanwhile, each data node device and the client are in the same operator network, so that the network transmission efficiency of the client access node is high.
When the client device opens the M3U8 file to play the video, the corresponding data node device is found according to the index, the connection with the data node device is established, and the corresponding video data is downloaded and played in real time. For example, in the distributed network architecture shown in fig. 1, a user in beijing requests video data from a data node device in beijing, so as to obtain a higher transmission speed. When the data node device realizes online playing of the video, the data node device slices the video data and sends the specific data segment to the client device according to the playing requirement, so that the client device can preferentially download the part needing to be played currently and play the part, and the user experience is improved.
When different data node devices play video data in the M3U8 format, the video data are all based on the same index file, and the slice sizes of the video data are completely consistent. In an actual scenario, each data node device is in a different network environment, and may encounter different network pressures. When the network quality is poor, the speed of downloading the data segments from the data node device by the client device is slow, the subsequent segments during video playing may not be downloaded in time, and the problems of user experience influence such as jamming and interruption can easily occur.
Content of application
An object of the present application is to provide a data transmission method and device, so as to solve the problem that user experience is easily affected by blocking, interruption, and the like when network quality is poor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a data transmission method, including:
acquiring the number of active connections of data node equipment in a current period and the data output quantity of the active connections, wherein the data node equipment transmits data after slicing according to the slicing size of data in the current period;
obtaining a network quality reference value of the data node equipment according to the number of the active connections and the data output quantity of the active connections;
and adjusting the slice size of the data in the next period according to the network quality reference value.
Based on another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a data node device, including:
the transmission device is used for transmitting the data after slicing according to the slice size of the current period data;
the detection device is used for acquiring the number of active connections of the data node equipment in the current period and the data output quantity of the active connections;
a network state judging device, configured to obtain a network quality reference value of the data node device according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections;
and the slice adjusting device is used for adjusting the slice size of the data in the next period according to the network quality reference value.
Furthermore, the present application also provides a data node device comprising a memory for storing computer program instructions and a processor for executing the computer program instructions, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, trigger the device to perform the aforementioned data transmission method.
In the data transmission scheme provided by the application, the data node equipment transmits the data after slicing according to the slice size of the current period data. When data transmission is carried out, the data node equipment acquires the number of active connections of the data node equipment and the data output quantity of the active connections in the current period, acquires a network quality reference value of the data node equipment according to the number of the active connections and the data output quantity of the active connections, and then adjusts the slice size of data in the next period according to the network quality reference value. Therefore, when the network quality is poor, if the slice size of the data is reduced, each data segment is made smaller, although the total transmission times are increased, the downloading time of each data segment can be reduced, and the possibility that the subsequent segments cannot be downloaded in time when the video is played is reduced, so that the conditions of blocking, interruption and the like which affect the user experience can be reduced.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a user requesting data in a distributed network architecture;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a process for adjusting slice size in a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an association relationship between a total data output quantity of a data node device and the number of active connections;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another data transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application;
the same or similar reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the attached figures.
In a typical configuration of the present application, the terminal, the devices serving the network each include one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, which include both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement the information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, program means, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.
The embodiment of the application provides a data transmission method, which can set the slice size of data, and transmit the data after slicing according to the slice size of data in the current period during data transmission, and meanwhile, the method can evaluate the current network quality according to the current active connection number of data node equipment and the data volume transmitted by the data node equipment, so as to adjust the slice size of the data during data transmission, and reduce the situations of pause and interruption of client equipment during video data playing. In a practical scenario, the execution subject of the method may be a data node device for data transmission, and specific implementations of the data node device may include, but are not limited to, implementations such as a network host, a single network server, multiple network server sets, or a computer set based on cloud computing. Here, the Cloud is made up of a large number of hosts or web servers based on Cloud Computing (Cloud Computing), which is a type of distributed Computing, one virtual computer consisting of a collection of loosely coupled computers.
In the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application, adjusting the slice size of data by using the processing flow shown in fig. 2 includes the following processing steps:
step S201, acquiring the number of active connections of the data node device in the current period and the data output quantity of the active connections. The period is a sampling period for performing size adjustment, and the length of the period may be adjusted according to the requirement of an actual application scenario, for example, the period Ro may be defined to be 1 minute, 2 minutes, or 3 minutes.
The active connection refers to a connection that has requested data in the current period, and the data output quantity is the data quantity transmitted to the outside through the active connection. When the method is applied to a scene of video data transmission, the client device establishes connection with the corresponding data node device to download the video data to be played. For example, for a data node device a, it may detect how many active connections the data node device a has in the current period (e.g., 0-3 min), and count how much data each active connection has sent in the current period. Table 1 shows the number of active connections of a data node device and the data output quantity of the active connections in consecutive cycles, where the unit of the data output quantity is MB (megabyte).
Period Ro
Connection 1
Connection 2
Connection 3
Connection 4
Connection 5
Connection 6
1
3.6
4.3
1.7
3.8
3.7
4.1
2
3.1
4.0
1.5
3.3
3.4
3
3.3
2.1
4
3.9
1.0
0.8
0.1
5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.3
…
TABLE 1
Step S202, obtaining a network quality reference value of the data node equipment according to the number of the active connections and the data output quantity of the active connections. The network quality of the network where the data node equipment is located in the current period can be reflected through the number of the active connections of the data node equipment in the current period and the data output quantity of the active connections, and in an actual scene, a quantifiable reference value can be calculated according to the network quality to make quantitative evaluation on the network quality.
For example, in some embodiments of the present application, a standard deviation of data output amount of an active connection in each period may be used as a network quality reference value, that is, a standard deviation of data output amount is calculated according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections, and the standard deviation is determined as the network quality reference value of the data node device. The standard deviation formula is:
where N is the number of active connections in a cycle, xiThe data output quantity of the ith active connection in the period is mu, and the average value of the data output quantities of the active connections in the period is mu.
The network quality reference values for a plurality of cycles in table 1 can thus be calculated, as shown in table 2:
period of time
Connection 1
Connection 2
Connection 3
Connection 4
Connection 5
Connection 6
σ
1
3.6
4.3
1.7
3.8
3.7
4.1
0.854
2
3.1
4.0
1.5
3.3
3.4
0.836
3
3.3
2.1
0.600
4
3.9
1.0
0.8
0.1
1.453
5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.102
TABLE 2
And step S203, adjusting the slice size of the data in the next period according to the network quality reference value.
When the network quality reference value indicates that the current network quality is poor, the speed of sending the data segments by the data node device is slow, and the requirements of a receiving party may not be met, for example, in a client device performing video playing, the video data segments needing to be continuously played may not be downloaded in time, and problems of user experience influence such as jamming and interruption may occur easily. Therefore, a first threshold value can be set, where the first threshold value is a lower limit value indicating the quality of the network, and if the reference value of the network quality is smaller than the first threshold value, it indicates that the network quality cannot meet the requirement of the receiving party, at this time, the slice size of the data in the next period can be reduced, so that each data segment sent by the data node device in the next period is smaller, and although the total transmission times will be increased, the downloading time of each data segment can be reduced, and the possibility that the subsequent data segments of the receiving party cannot be downloaded in time is reduced. In the video playing scene, the situations of blocking, interruption and the like of the client equipment can be reduced.
On the premise that the total amount of data is not changed, reducing the slice size of each data segment increases the total transmission times, increases the dependence of the receiving device on the network, requires the receiving device to be always on-line, and also increases the burden of both the receiving and the transmitting. Therefore, a second threshold value, which is an upper limit value indicating the quality of the network, may be set, which is larger than the aforementioned first threshold value. If the network quality reference value is greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the network quality is better than the requirement for being able to normally transmit the data segment, and at this time, the slice size of the data in the next period may be increased to reduce the total transmission times.
If the network quality reference value is between the first threshold and the second threshold, it indicates that the current network quality is suitable for the current transmission, and therefore, no adjustment is required.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first threshold and the second threshold may be defined according to empirical values in an actual scenario, and are set to be P + and P-, P + is 1.0, and P-is 0.2, respectively. For example, for video data, the size may be divided according to the video length, the initial slice size may be set to be 30 seconds, and the slice size change value during adjustment is 10 seconds, so that for data of several periods in the foregoing embodiment, the slice size of period 1 is the initial slice size of 30 seconds; according to the data of the periods 1-3, the slice size of the respective next period (namely, the periods 2-4) can be determined to be unchanged; from the cycle 4 data, it can be determined that the slice size of the next cycle 5 is increased by 10s, adjusted from 30s to 40 s; from the cycle 5 data, it can be determined that the slice size of the next cycle 6 is reduced by 10s, adjusted from 40s to 30 s. The change in slice size is shown in table 3 below:
period of time
Connection 1
Connection 2
Connection 3
Connection 4
Connection 5
Connection 6
σ
Size of slice
1
3.6
4.3
1.7
3.8
3.7
4.1
0.854
30s
2
3.1
4.0
1.5
3.3
3.4
0.836
30s
3
3.3
2.1
0.600
30s
4
3.9
1.0
0.8
0.1
1.453
30s
5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.102
40s
6
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
30s
TABLE 3
Meanwhile, the size of the data segment may not be infinite or infinite, so that an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the size may be set when adjusting the slice size of the data of the next cycle. When the network quality reference value is smaller than a first threshold value, judging whether the slice size of the data in the current period reaches a size lower limit value or not, and if the slice size of the data in the next period does not reach the size lower limit value, reducing the slice size of the data in the next period; or when the network quality reference value is larger than a second threshold value, judging whether the slice size of the data in the current period reaches the size upper limit value, and if the slice size of the data in the next period does not reach the size upper limit value, increasing the slice size of the data in the next period.
In an actual scenario, the total output quantity of data of the data node device is positively correlated with the number of active connections, and fig. 3 shows a correlation between the total output quantity of data of the data node device and the number of active connections. When the number of active connections is small, the detected data output quantity of each active connection has a certain degree of distortion, and when the number of active connections is large, the detected data output quantity of the active connections is closer to the real situation. Therefore, in order to ensure processing accuracy and avoid an excessive error caused by data distortion, in the method provided in some embodiments of the present application, a connection number calculation threshold may be defined, and before obtaining the network quality reference value of the data node device according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections, the number of active connections is compared with the connection number calculation threshold, and it is determined that the number of active connections is greater than or equal to the connection number calculation threshold.
For example, in this embodiment, the connection number calculation threshold C is set to be 3, and if the current period is period 1, period 2, period 4, or period 5, and since the number of active connections is respectively 6, period 5, period 4, or period 5, all of the active connections exceed the connection number calculation threshold, the subsequent processing may be continued, and the network quality reference value of the data node device is obtained according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections. If the current cycle is cycle 3, since the number of active connections is only 2, which is smaller than the connection number calculation threshold, the subsequent processing is not performed. Therefore, for the data in the foregoing embodiment, the corresponding network quality reference value is calculated from the data of calculation cycle 3.
In the solution of the embodiment of the present application, if it is determined that the number of active connections is smaller than the connection number calculation threshold, the slice size of the data in the next period is kept unchanged. For example, if the slice size of cycle 3 is 20s and only two active connections are detected in this cycle, the slice size of the data of cycle 4 may be maintained at 20s without adjusting the slice size of the data of the next cycle.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a data node device, and the data transmission method corresponding to the data node device is the method in the foregoing embodiment, and the principle of solving the problem is similar to that of the method.
The embodiment of the application provides data transmission equipment, the equipment can set the slice size of data, the data can be transmitted after being sliced according to the slice size of data in the current period during data transmission, and meanwhile, the data node equipment can evaluate the current network quality according to the current active connection number and the transmitted data amount, so that the slice size of the data during data transmission is adjusted, and the situations of pause and interruption of the client equipment during video data playing are reduced. In a practical scenario, the specific implementation of the data transmission device may include, but is not limited to, implementations such as a network host, a single network server, multiple network server sets, or a cloud computing-based computer collection. Here, the Cloud is made up of a large number of hosts or web servers based on Cloud Computing (Cloud Computing), which is a type of distributed Computing, one virtual computer consisting of a collection of loosely coupled computers.
Fig. 4 shows a structure of a data transmission apparatus provided in some embodiments of the present application, where the apparatus includes a
The detecting means 420 is configured to obtain the number of active connections of the data node device in the current period and the data output quantity of the active connections. The period is a sampling period for performing size adjustment, and the length of the period may be adjusted according to the requirement of an actual application scenario, for example, the period Ro may be defined to be 1 minute, 2 minutes, or 3 minutes.
The active connection refers to a connection that has requested data in the current period, and the data output quantity is the data quantity transmitted to the outside through the active connection. When the method is applied to a scene of video data transmission, the client device establishes connection with the corresponding data node device to download the video data to be played. For example, for a data node device a, it may detect how many active connections the data node device a has in the current period (e.g., 0-3 min), and count how much data each active connection has sent in the current period. Table 1 shows the number of active connections of a data node device and the data output quantity of the active connections in consecutive cycles, where the unit of the data output quantity is MB (megabyte).
The network
For example, in some embodiments of the present application, a standard deviation of data output amount of an active connection in each period may be used as a network quality reference value, that is, a standard deviation of data output amount is calculated according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections, and the standard deviation is determined as the network quality reference value of the data node device. The standard deviation formula is:
where N is the number of active connections in a cycle, xiThe data output quantity of the ith active connection in the period is mu, and the average value of the data output quantities of the active connections in the period is mu.
From this, the network quality reference values for a plurality of cycles in table 1 can be calculated, as shown in table 2.
The slice adjusting means 440 is configured to adjust the slice size of the next period data according to the network quality reference value.
When the network quality reference value indicates that the current network quality is poor, the speed of sending the data segments by the data node device is slow, and the requirements of a receiving party may not be met, for example, in a client device performing video playing, the video data segments needing to be continuously played may not be downloaded in time, and problems of user experience influence such as jamming and interruption may occur easily. Therefore, a first threshold value can be set, where the first threshold value is a lower limit value indicating the quality of the network, and if the reference value of the network quality is smaller than the first threshold value, it indicates that the network quality cannot meet the requirement of the receiving party, at this time, the slice size of the data in the next period can be reduced, so that each data segment sent by the data node device in the next period is smaller, and although the total transmission times will be increased, the downloading time of each data segment can be reduced, and the possibility that the subsequent data segments of the receiving party cannot be downloaded in time is reduced. In the video playing scene, the situations of blocking, interruption and the like of the client equipment can be reduced.
On the premise that the total amount of data is not changed, reducing the slice size of each data segment increases the total transmission times, increases the dependence of the receiving device on the network, requires the receiving device to be always on-line, and also increases the burden of both the receiving and the transmitting. Therefore, a second threshold value, which is an upper limit value indicating the quality of the network, may be set, which is larger than the aforementioned first threshold value. If the network quality reference value is greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the network quality is better than the requirement for being able to normally transmit the data segment, and at this time, the slice size of the data in the next period may be increased to reduce the total transmission times.
If the network quality reference value is between the first threshold and the second threshold, it indicates that the current network quality is suitable for the current transmission, and therefore, no adjustment is required.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first threshold and the second threshold may be defined according to empirical values in an actual scenario, and are set to be P + and P-, P + is 1.0, and P-is 0.2, respectively. For example, for video data, the size may be divided according to the video length, the initial slice size may be set to be 30 seconds, and the slice size change value during adjustment is 10 seconds, so that for data of several periods in the foregoing embodiment, the slice size of period 1 is the initial slice size of 30 seconds; according to the data of the periods 1-3, the slice size of the respective next period (namely, the periods 2-4) can be determined to be unchanged; from the cycle 4 data, it can be determined that the slice size of the next cycle 5 is increased by 10s, adjusted from 30s to 40 s; from the cycle 5 data, it can be determined that the slice size of the next cycle 6 is reduced by 10s, adjusted from 40s to 30 s. The change in slice size is shown in table 3.
Meanwhile, the size of the data segment may not be infinite or infinite, so that an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the size may be set when adjusting the slice size of the data of the next cycle. When the network quality reference value is smaller than a first threshold value, judging whether the slice size of the data in the current period reaches a size lower limit value or not, and if the slice size of the data in the next period does not reach the size lower limit value, reducing the slice size of the data in the next period; or when the network quality reference value is larger than a second threshold value, judging whether the slice size of the data in the current period reaches the size upper limit value, and if the slice size of the data in the next period does not reach the size upper limit value, increasing the slice size of the data in the next period.
In an actual scenario, the total output quantity of data of the data node device is positively correlated with the number of active connections, and fig. 3 shows a correlation between the total output quantity of data of the data node device and the number of active connections. When the number of active connections is small, the detected data output quantity of each active connection has a certain degree of distortion, and when the number of active connections is large, the detected data output quantity of the active connections is closer to the real situation. Therefore, in order to ensure the processing accuracy and avoid an excessive error caused by data distortion, in the scheme provided in some embodiments of the present application, a connection number calculation threshold may be defined, and before obtaining the network quality reference value of the data node device according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections, the
For example, in this embodiment, the connection number calculation threshold C is set to be 3, and if the current period is period 1, period 2, period 4, or period 5, and since the number of active connections is respectively 6, period 5, period 4, or period 5, all of the active connections exceed the connection number calculation threshold, the subsequent processing may be continued, and the network quality reference value of the data node device is obtained according to the number of active connections and the data output amount of the active connections. If the current cycle is cycle 3, since the number of active connections is only 2, which is smaller than the connection number calculation threshold, the subsequent processing is not performed. Therefore, for the data in the foregoing embodiment, the corresponding network quality reference value is calculated from the data of calculation cycle 3.
In the solution of the embodiment of the present application, if it is determined that the number of active connections is smaller than the connection number calculation threshold, the
In addition, some of the present application may be implemented as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which when executed by a computer, may invoke or provide methods and/or techniques in accordance with the present application through the operation of the computer. Program instructions which invoke the methods of the present application may be stored on a fixed or removable recording medium and/or transmitted via a data stream on a broadcast or other signal-bearing medium and/or stored within a working memory of a computer device operating in accordance with the program instructions. Some embodiments according to the present application include an apparatus as shown in fig. 5, which includes one or more memories 510 storing computer-readable instructions and a processor 520 for executing the computer-readable instructions, wherein when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the apparatus is caused to perform the method and/or the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present application.
Furthermore, some embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, the computer readable instructions being executable by a processor to implement the methods and/or aspects of the foregoing embodiments of the present application.
It should be noted that the present application may be implemented in software and/or a combination of software and hardware, for example, implemented using Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), general purpose computers or any other similar hardware devices. In some embodiments, the software programs of the present application may be executed by a processor to implement the above steps or functions. Likewise, the software programs (including associated data structures) of the present application may be stored in a computer readable recording medium, such as RAM memory, magnetic or optical drive or diskette and the like. Additionally, some of the steps or functions of the present application may be implemented in hardware, for example, as circuitry that cooperates with the processor to perform various steps or functions.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned. Furthermore, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. A plurality of units or means recited in the apparatus claims may also be implemented by one unit or means in software or hardware. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote names, but not any particular order.
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