阅读说明：本技术 一种水平预制楼板反向吊装的施工方法 (Construction method for reversely hoisting horizontal prefabricated floor slab ) 是由 宋千军 于 2019-10-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种水平预制楼板反向吊装的施工方法,其步骤如下：1)、地上的墙体施工至屋顶层,在墙体对应每层楼板安装处埋设有连接楼板的水平固定装置；2)、进行楼板预制,预制的所述楼板的外周设置有可与所述水平固定装置连接的连接装置；3)、楼板吊装：将预制楼板通过吊装设备将楼板吊装至屋顶需安装楼板位置处,通过固定连接件将楼板与水平固定装置连接；然后进行灌缝处理；4)、将吊装设备拆卸后再安装到已吊装好的屋顶楼板下方的墙体上,重复步骤3),依次反向向下吊装楼板直至第二层楼板完毕。本发明的施工方法,在施工上施工工序少,工艺简单,可避免使用大型吊装设备,适应于机械化作业的需求。(A construction method for reversely hoisting a horizontal precast floor slab comprises the following steps: 1) constructing the wall body on the ground to a roof layer, and embedding a horizontal fixing device for connecting floor slabs at the installation position of the wall body corresponding to each floor slab; 2) prefabricating a floor slab, wherein a connecting device which can be connected with the horizontal fixing device is arranged on the periphery of the prefabricated floor slab; 3) and hoisting the floor slab: hoisting the prefabricated floor slab to the position of the floor slab to be installed on the roof through hoisting equipment, and connecting the floor slab with a horizontal fixing device through a fixing connecting piece; then performing crack pouring treatment; 4) and detaching the hoisting equipment and then installing the hoisting equipment on a wall body below the hoisted roof floor slab, repeating the step 3), and sequentially and reversely hoisting the floor slab downwards until the second floor slab is finished. The construction method has the advantages of few construction procedures in construction, simple process, avoidance of use of large-scale hoisting equipment and suitability for the requirement of mechanized operation.)

1. A construction method for reversely hoisting a horizontal precast floor slab comprises the following steps: 1) constructing all wall bodies required by the building on the ground to the top layer of the building, and respectively embedding horizontal fixing devices connected with the floor slabs at the positions of the wall bodies corresponding to the floor slabs; 2) in the construction process of the step 1), prefabricating a floor slab, wherein a connecting device which can be connected with the horizontal fixing device is arranged on the periphery of the prefabricated floor slab; 3) and hoisting the floor slab: arranging hoisting equipment at the top end of the wall body of the floor slab to be hoisted, placing the prefabricated floor slab in a space defined by the wall body of the floor slab to be hoisted, hoisting the floor slab to the position of the floor slab to be installed on the roof through the hoisting equipment, and connecting the floor slab with the horizontal fixing device through a fixed connecting piece; then, performing crack pouring treatment on a gap between the wall body and the floor; 4) the hoisting equipment is disassembled and then installed on the wall body below the hoisted roof floor slab, the step 3) is repeated, and the next higher floor slab is hoisted; 5) and repeating the steps 3) and 4), and lifting the next layer of prefabricated floor slab downwards in sequence until the lifting of the second layer of floor slab is finished.

2. The construction method for reverse hoisting of the horizontal precast floor slab according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the wall body is a steel rib-fiber concrete structure wall body; the steel ribs are embedded at the stress concentration part in the fiber concrete poured wall body and the edge of the opening part of the wall body.

3. The construction method for reversely hoisting the horizontal precast floor slab according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1), a heat insulation sandwich module is embedded in the steel rib-fiber concrete wall.

4. The construction method for reversely hoisting the horizontal precast floor slab according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the horizontal fixing device is a counter-pulling anchoring steel rib embedded in the wall body, and two ends of the counter-pulling anchoring steel rib are respectively located at two side wall surfaces of the wall body.

5. The construction method for reverse hoisting of a horizontal precast floor slab according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the fixed connection member is an angle iron.

6. The construction method for horizontally hoisting a precast floor slab reversely according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the prefabricated connecting means of the outer periphery of the floor slab is a steel structural frame integrally connected with the embedded steel bars in the floor slab.

7. The construction method for reversely hoisting the horizontal precast floor slabs according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the floor slabs are precast in the space surrounded by the wall, the precast floor slabs are horizontally stacked in layers, and adjacent floor slabs are isolated by an isolation material.

8. The construction method for reversely hoisting the horizontal precast floor slab according to claim 1, wherein when the floor slab is hoisted in the step 3), a guide device for preventing the floor slab from colliding with the wall body is detachably arranged at intervals around the floor slab.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the horizontal precast floor slab is reversely hoisted, and the four corners of the floor slab are provided with hoisting points, the guide means is provided at the hoisting points on the side close to the wall surface, and the guide means is extended from the peripheral sides of the floor slab.

10. The construction method for reverse hoisting of a horizontal precast floor slab according to claim 9, wherein the guide means is a roller.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a construction method for reversely presetting and assembling a horizontal structure of a building.

Background

The main ground engineering of building construction generally consists of a load-bearing structure and a filling wall body for separation. The method is characterized in that a reinforced concrete cast-in-place mode is adopted in a bearing structure, which is the most important one, and a basic structure system is generally formed by reinforced concrete shear walls, frame columns, frame beams and floor slabs; the infilled wall is generally made of various bricks, blocks or laths and the like, and is built or installed and fixed on a bearing structure to separate the building space to form the use spaces of the buildings.

In the construction, the cast-in-place reinforced concrete building is firstly subjected to main body bearing structure construction, generally according to the floor layering construction of a building structure, pouring from the bottom to the upper layer by layer, configuring templates for each layer according to the section sizes of walls, columns, beams and plates, binding reinforcing steel bars and pouring concrete. And building the filler wall after the construction of the main body structure is finished, and finally performing decoration construction. The prefabricated reinforced concrete prefabricated building is generally characterized by that according to the same cast-in-place concept, the building structure can be divided into prefabricated components and cast-in-place portion according to the requirements, all the components are prefabricated in factory, after the components are transported to site, the components are hoisted and temporarily fixed, then the cast-in-place portion steel bar installation, formwork installation and concrete pouring are implemented, the construction also is the floor layer-by-layer construction for installing building structure, and the construction is completed from bottom to top layer by layer.

At present, large-scale mechanical equipment is needed for vertical material transportation in construction, particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete prefabricated buildings, the tonnage of a prefabricated part is heavy, and the required tower crane tonnage is extremely large and the cost is high. After research, the invention provides a building structure with all cast-in-place vertical walls and prefabricated horizontal structures, the vertical walls are directly used as hoisting supports, and whether the horizontal structures can be installed from the top layer to the bottom layer of the building can be determined, so that the use of large-scale equipment can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened. The invention provides a construction technology for reverse prefabrication and assembly of a horizontal structure, which can solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a construction method for reversely installing a horizontal floor slab, which is installed on a wall body with certain bearing capacity, high strength and simple and convenient construction. The prefabricated floor slabs are sequentially installed from top to bottom, large-scale hoisting equipment is not needed, and the method has the advantages of convenience in construction, few construction procedures and the like.

In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme provided by the invention is a construction method for reversely hoisting a horizontal precast floor slab, which comprises the following steps: 1) constructing all wall bodies required by the building on the ground to the top layer of the building, and respectively embedding horizontal fixing devices connected with the floor slabs at the positions of the wall bodies corresponding to the floor slabs; 2) in the construction process of the step 1), prefabricating a floor slab, wherein a connecting device which can be connected with the horizontal fixing device is arranged on the periphery of the prefabricated floor slab; 3) and hoisting the floor slab: arranging hoisting equipment at the top end of the wall body of the floor slab to be hoisted, placing the prefabricated floor slab in a space defined by the wall body of the floor slab to be hoisted, hoisting the floor slab to the position of the floor slab to be installed on the roof through the hoisting equipment, and connecting the floor slab with the horizontal fixing device through a fixed connecting piece; then, performing crack pouring treatment on a gap between the wall body and the floor; 4) the hoisting equipment is disassembled and then installed on the wall body below the hoisted roof floor slab, the step 3) is repeated, and the next higher floor slab is hoisted; 5) and repeating the steps 3) and 4), and lifting the next layer of prefabricated floor slab downwards in sequence until the lifting of the second layer of floor slab is finished.

In the step 1), the wall body is a steel rib-fiber concrete structure wall body; the steel ribs are embedded at the stress concentration part in the fiber concrete poured wall body and the edge of the opening part of the wall body.

In the step 1), a heat-insulating sandwich module is embedded in the steel rib-fiber concrete wall.

In the step 1), the horizontal fixing device is a counter-pulling anchoring steel rib embedded in the wall body, and two ends of the counter-pulling anchoring steel rib are respectively located on wall surfaces on two sides of the wall body.

In the step 3), the fixed connecting piece is an angle steel.

In the step 2), the prefabricated connecting device at the periphery of the floor slab is a steel structure frame which is connected with the embedded steel bars in the floor slab into a whole.

In the step 2), the floor slabs are prefabricated in the space defined by the wall, the prefabricated floor slabs are horizontally stacked in layers, and adjacent floor slabs are isolated by isolating materials.

When the floor slab in the step 3) is hoisted, guiding devices for preventing the floor slab from colliding with the wall body are detachably arranged at the periphery of the floor slab at intervals.

The four corners of the floor are provided with hanging points, the guide device is arranged on the hanging points close to one side of the wall surface, and the guide device extends out of the surrounding side sides of the floor.

The guiding device is a roller.

The reverse hoisting method of the prefabricated floor slab can directly utilize the vertical wall body as a hoisting support, and the horizontal structure is installed from the top layer to the bottom layer of the building, so that the use of large-scale equipment can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a sectional structure inside the wall body.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hoisting section of a horizontal prefabricated floor slab on a roof.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hoisting section of a horizontal precast floor slab of the next floor of the roof.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a plane for hoisting a flat prefabricated floor slab.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a horizontal precast floor slab reverse hoisting section.

Fig. 7, schematic view of a horizontal precast floor slab hoisting guide device.

Fig. 8 shows the connection between the horizontal precast floor slab and the vertical wall.

Detailed Description

In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, the present disclosure will now be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

first, the wall of the present invention will be described by taking a steel-reinforced concrete structural wall developed by itself as an example. In the wall body 1, a reinforced steel rib 2 is vertically arranged at the stress concentration part in the wall body 1, and the upper end and the lower end of the steel rib in the wall bodies between adjacent layers are respectively fixed together through welding connection. The steel ribs are usually selected from I-shaped steel, channel steel and the like as reinforced steel ribs, so that the wall body is reinforced in strength and bearing. The width of the steel ribs is smaller than the thickness of the wall body. On the wall body, openings 3 such as door openings, window openings, reserved holes and the like are opened according to the building function requirements. The edge of the opening is provided with a steel rib to enhance the strength of the weak part of the edge of the opening. And a sandwich module 4 is also embedded in the wall body. The sandwich modules can be arranged from the bottom of each layer of wall to the top of the wall according to the building requirements. The sandwich module is generally made of heat insulation materials, and the sandwich module with the heat insulation function is embedded in the wall body, so that the effect of adjusting the rigidity of the wall body can be achieved, the self weight of the wall body is reduced, and the heat insulation effect of the wall body is improved. The wall 1 is formed by pouring fiber concrete on the periphery of the steel ribs and the sandwich module. The fiber is metal fiber, chemical fiber, etc. The tensile strength, bending resistance, impact strength, elongation and toughness of the wall body are improved by adding the fibers into the concrete for pouring the wall body. The main body of the wall body achieves the same effect as the gravity required to be born by the traditional bearing wall through the concrete pouring, the fiber adding and the steel rib embedding. By embedding the sandwich module, the self weight of the wall body can be reduced, and the heat insulation effect of the wall body is improved.

A horizontal fixing device is embedded in the wall body at the position where each floor needs to be installed, so that the floor can be connected with the horizontal fixing device when being installed, and the floor is fixed. In this embodiment, the horizontal fixing device is a counter-pulling anchoring steel rib 5, which is similar to an i-steel in structure, or is formed by welding steel plates at both ends of a steel bar. The opposite-pull anchoring steel rib 5 horizontally penetrates through the wall body, two ends of the opposite-pull anchoring steel rib are of flat plate structures, and two ends of the opposite-pull anchoring steel rib are respectively close to wall surfaces on two sides of the wall body. The opposite-pulling anchoring steel ribs for mounting and fixing each floor are horizontally arranged in the wall at intervals. The fixed connecting pieces 6 are arranged at two ends of the opposite-pull anchoring steel rib and are horizontally and fixedly connected with the opposite-pull anchoring steel rib in a welding or bolt fixing mode. In this embodiment, the fixed connecting member is an angle steel with an L-shaped structure. One end of the angle steel is fixedly connected to the floor slab, and the other end of the angle steel is connected to the opposite-pulling anchoring steel rib, so that the floor slab is fixed to the wall body.

And (3) prefabricating the floor slab 7, wherein steel frame structures are arranged at two ends of the floor slab in the length direction, the steel frame structures are fixedly connected with binding steel bars in the floor slab, and then the floor slab is prefabricated through concrete pouring. The structure of the prefabricated floor slab is different from that of the traditional prefabricated floor slab in that a steel frame structure is added on the periphery of the floor slab. After the prefabricated floor slab is hoisted in place, one end of the fixing connecting piece can be connected with the steel frame structure of the floor slab in a welding or bolt fixing mode, and the other end of the fixing connecting piece is connected with the opposite-pulling anchoring steel ribs of the wall body in a welding mode, so that the floor slab is hoisted and fixed.

The concrete construction steps of horizontal precast floor slab reverse hoisting are as follows:

and (3) construction of all walls of the overground part of building: the construction of the building is that firstly, a reinforced concrete foundation is constructed according to the traditional requirements, and then the construction of the main structure on the ground is carried out after the foundation is completed. The construction of the overground main body building comprises the construction of a wall body. The construction of vertical wall body, wall body 1 are under construction according to the high layering of floor, and during the construction of each layer of wall body, the hoist and mount of wall body strenghthened type reinforcing bar 2 is carried out earlier to fix the reinforcing bar on the traditional reinforced concrete basis that is located its bottom. Then, the processing and fixing of the hole 3 templates such as doors and windows are carried out, and the sandwich module 4 is embedded. The opposite-pull anchoring steel ribs 5 are horizontally arranged on the wall body, and the positions of the opposite-pull anchoring steel ribs embedded in the wall body are consistent with the positions of the installation floor slabs. The steel ribs 2 are generally arranged at stress concentration positions of the wall, and the number of the steel ribs is calculated and designed according to the stress. And the weak part at the edge of the opening is also provided with a steel rib for supporting, so that the overall strength of the wall body is improved. Sandwich module 4 adopts thermal-insulated insulation material to make into modular structure, can bury underground in the wall body as required, and in order to keep effectually thermal-insulated, sandwich module can set up to the wall body top from the wall body bottom, plays thermal-insulated insulation material to the wall body is whole. The opposite-pulling anchoring steel ribs 5 penetrate through the thickness of the wall body and are horizontally embedded in the wall body. The steel bar can be of an I-shaped steel structure or a horizontally embedded steel bar, and two vertically arranged flat steel plates are welded at two ends of the steel bar. The flat-plate-shaped surface of the I-shaped steel or the flat-plate-shaped steel plate structure is positioned on two wall surfaces of the wall body. After all the parts embedded in the cavity are embedded and fixed, the side die of the wall body is finally installed, and when the side die is installed, the opposite-pulling anchoring steel ribs and the side die are reversely fixed from the outside of the template by bolts. And after the pre-embedding and template engineering construction is finished, pouring fiber concrete, wherein fibers in the fiber concrete are in fibrous structures such as metal fibers and plant fibers, and the strength of the wall body is improved by adding the fibers into the concrete. And (3) after the poured fiber concrete is cured to meet the form removal requirement, firstly removing the reverse fixing bolt, and then sequentially removing the wall side die and the door and window opening template to complete the whole building. After the wall construction is finished, the flat steel plate of the opposite-pulling anchoring steel rib is positioned on the wall surface and can be welded and fixed with an external connecting piece. And (5) continuing to construct the wall body of the next floor section according to the sequence, and finally finishing the top reaching of the whole wall body.

In the process of wall construction, the floor slab 7 is prefabricated in the space which is surrounded by the wall and needs to be hoisted. Carry out the ligature of reinforcing bar in the floor, then the periphery cladding of floor has the steel frame structure, and the steel frame structure has certain bearing capacity, for make its better combine with the floor, the reinforcing bar accessible welding of steel frame structure and floor ligature is connected fixedly. And then prefabricating according to the traditional floor prefabricating process. The floor slab may be provided with holes according to design requirements. The prefabricated floor slab has steel frame structures at two ends and combined closely with the concrete structure of the floor slab to form one integral structure. After the first floor slab on the ground is prefabricated, an isolation material is paved on the upper surface of the floor slab, then a second floor slab is prefabricated, and the like, the floor slabs required from the second floor slab to the top surface of the building are completely prefabricated, and the prefabricated floor slabs of all layers are vertically stacked to wait for hoisting. Only one prefabricated floor slab is required to be prefabricated on each layer of each space, the size of each prefabricated floor slab is slightly smaller than the horizontal plane area of the space where the prefabricated floor slab is located, the requirement of smooth hoisting can be met, and the prefabricated floor slab cannot be blocked by a wall body.

After the wall body is constructed to the roof and all construction is finished, the hoisting equipment 8 is arranged at the top end of the wall body, and the hoisting equipment can be a winch or other small-sized convenient hoisting equipment. The four corners of the upper surface of the prefabricated floor slab are fixed with lifting points 9 through bolts, the lifting points are of angle steel structures, the side surfaces of the lifting points are provided with idler wheels 91, the idler wheels are located between the lifting points and the wall surface, and the idler wheels can guarantee the smooth rising of the floor slab in the hoisting process. The steel wire rope of the hoisting equipment is fixed on a hoisting point of the floor slab, then the floor slab is hoisted to the installation position of the floor slab by electrically winding the steel wire rope, and then the floor slab and the counter-pull anchoring steel ribs of the wall body are connected together on the floor slab by using the fixed connecting piece 6 to fix the floor slab. The fixed connecting piece is of an L-shaped angle steel structure, one end of the fixed connecting piece is fixedly connected with the floor slab steel framework in a bolt or welding mode, and the other end of the fixed connecting piece is fixed on the opposite-pulling anchoring steel rib of the wall body in a welding mode. After the hoisting and fixing are carried out, the traditional crack pouring treatment is carried out on the hoisted floor layer, and the crack pouring treatment material is a structural cementing material. And after the roof is hoisted, the hoisting equipment is disassembled, then the hoisting equipment is installed on the wall body below the floor slab of the roof, the hoisting step of the prefabricated floor slab of the roof is repeated, and the next higher prefabricated floor slab is hoisted. And sequentially installing the method from top to bottom to hoist the floor slab until the floor slab is hoisted to the second floor. After each floor is hoisted, when the next floor needs to be hoisted, the floor hoisted on the upper floor is reinforced, and the floor and the counter-pull anchoring steel ribs of the wall are connected together below the floor through the fixed connecting pieces 6 to fix the floor. The upper surface and the lower surface of the floor slab are fixedly connected with the wall body, so that the prefabricated floor slab is firmer and is fixedly combined with the wall body.

The building formed by the wall body and the floor slab can be used as a bearing wall and a partition wall because the wall body has bearing capacity. In the building, horizontal structural members are prefabricated floor slabs.