Transmitter and receiver and corresponding method
阅读说明：本技术 发送器和接收器以及相应的方法 (Transmitter and receiver and corresponding method ) 是由 格尔德·基利安 约瑟夫·伯恩哈德 沃尔弗拉姆·施特劳斯 雅可比·科内瑟尔 约翰尼·韦切斯勒 于 2018-04-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种发送器(1),发送器(1)以部分报文组的形式发射数据,所述部分报文组包括至少两个部分报文,所述至少两个部分报文一起包括数据并且比包括所述数据的单个报文短。发送器(1)根据跳频模式来发射所述部分报文组,跳频模式涉及发射各个部分报文的时间和/或发送频率。此外,所述发送器(1)发射所述部分报文组若干次,并且至少两次。此外,本发明涉及一种接收器(10)和相应的方法。(The invention relates to a sender (1), the sender (1) transmitting data in the form of a partial message group, the partial message group comprising at least two partial messages, the at least two partial messages together comprising data and being shorter than a single message comprising the data. The transmitter (1) transmits the partial message groups according to a frequency hopping pattern, which relates to the time and/or the transmission frequency at which the individual partial messages are transmitted. Furthermore, the sender (1) transmits the partial message group several times, and at least twice. Furthermore, the invention relates to a receiver (10) and a corresponding method.)
1. A transmitter (1) for transmitting a signal,
wherein the sender (1) transmits data in the form of a partial message group comprising at least two partial messages which together comprise the data and are shorter than a single message comprising the data,
wherein the transmitter (1) transmits the partial message groups according to a frequency hopping pattern which relates to the time and/or the transmission frequency at which the individual partial messages are transmitted, and
wherein the sender (1) transmits the partial message group several times, and at least twice.
2. Transmitter (1) according to claim 1,
wherein the transmitter (1) uses different frequency hopping patterns each for at least two transmissions of the partial message group.
3. Transmitter (1) according to claim 2,
wherein, for selecting a frequency hopping pattern, the transmitter (1) accesses a set of stored reference frequency hopping patterns.
4. Transmitter (1) according to claim 3,
wherein the transmitter (1) randomly selects a frequency hopping pattern from a set of reference frequency hopping patterns for transmitting the partial packet group.
5. Transmitter (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
wherein, for transmitting said partial packet group, said sender (1) generates a frequency hopping pattern by means of a generation scheme, in particular according to randomly selected parameters.
6. Transmitter (1) according to one of the claims 2 to 5,
wherein, for transmitting the partial message group after a previous transmission, the transmitter (1) generates a frequency hopping pattern with an offset, in particular a random and/or preferably a discrete offset, of the time and/or frequency of the frequency hopping pattern used for the previous transmission.
7. Transmitter (1) according to one of the claims 2 to 6,
wherein for transmitting the partial message group the transmitter (1) generates a frequency hopping pattern with an offset, in particular a random and/or preferably a discrete offset, of the time and/or frequency of a frequency hopping pattern randomly selected from the set of reference frequency hopping patterns.
8. Transmitter (1) according to claim 6 or 7,
wherein the transmitter (1) generates the frequency hopping pattern using a discrete offset in time with respect to a time length of a partial message and/or a discrete offset in frequency with respect to a channel bandwidth used for transmission.
9. Transmitter (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 8,
wherein the sender (1) performs at least two transmissions of the partial packet group in an interleaved manner, the at least two transmissions being accomplished by: the sender (1) transmits a partial message of one of the two transmissions during a pause between two partial messages of the other of the two transmissions.
10. Transmitter (1) according to claim 9,
wherein the sender (1) randomly determines in which pause of the one transmission the sender (1) transmits the first partial message of the set of partial messages of the other transmission.
11. Transmitter (1) according to claim 9 or 10,
wherein the transmitter (1) uses the same frequency hopping pattern in at least two interleaved transmissions.
12. Transmitter (1) according to one of the claims 9 to 11,
wherein in one of the at least two interleaved transmissions the transmitter (1) uses the frequency hopping pattern of the other of the at least two interleaved transmissions with an offset in time and/or frequency, in particular a random and/or preferably a discrete offset.
13. Transmitter (1) according to claim 12,
wherein the transmitter (1) generates the frequency hopping pattern using a discrete offset in time with respect to a time length of a partial message and/or a discrete offset in frequency with respect to a channel bandwidth used for transmission.
14. Transmitter (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 13,
wherein the transmitter (1) inserts into the transmitted partial message and/or into payload data of the partial message and/or into data derivable from the payload data of the partial message (e.g. an error correction value, a CRC or a hash value): data relating to the frequency hopping pattern used, and/or data relating to a change in the frequency hopping pattern used compared to a previous or subsequent frequency hopping pattern, and/or data relating to parameters determining the selection and/or design of the frequency hopping pattern used.
15. Transmitter (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 14,
wherein the transmitters (1) use different transmission frequency bands in each case for the multiple transmissions of the partial message groups.
16. Transmitter (1) according to claim 15,
wherein the transmission frequency bands overlap.
17. A method for transmitting data in a wireless communication system,
wherein the data is transmitted in the form of a partial message group comprising at least two partial messages which together comprise the data and are shorter than the individual messages comprising the data,
wherein the partial message groups are transmitted according to a frequency hopping pattern, which relates to the time and/or the transmission frequency of the transmission of the individual partial messages, and
wherein the partial packet group is transmitted several times.
18. A receiver (10) for receiving a signal,
wherein the receiver (10) receives partial messages from the sender (1), which partial messages together comprise data and are shorter than the individual messages comprising the data, and
wherein the receiver (10) identifies at least one frequency hopping pattern used by the transmitter (1) in transmitting the partial messages, the frequency hopping pattern relating to the time and/or the transmission frequency at which the respective partial message is transmitted.
19. Receiver (10) according to claim 18,
wherein the receiver (10) accesses a set of stored reference frequency hopping patterns in order to identify the frequency hopping pattern.
20. Receiver (10) according to claim 18 or 19,
wherein the receiver (10) identifies the frequency hopping pattern using a previously identified frequency hopping pattern as a starting point.
21. Receiver (10) according to one of the claims 18 to 20,
wherein the receiver (10) determines at least one change of the frequency hopping pattern of a previous transmission of a partial message group starting from a received partial message in the transmission of the partial message group.
22. Receiver (10) according to one of the claims 18 to 21,
wherein the receiver (10) divides the received partial messages and assigns them to different transmissions of the partial message groups.
23. Receiver (10) according to one of the claims 18 to 21,
wherein the receiver (10) combines the received partial messages of different interleaved transmissions belonging to the partial message group.
24. Receiver (10) according to one of the claims 18 to 23,
wherein the receiver (10) combines the received differently transmitted partial messages belonging to the partial message group.
25. Receiver (10) according to one of the claims 18 to 24,
wherein the receiver (10) searches the received partial messages for the occurrence of different transmissions of the group of partial messages by hypothesis testing using the time offset and/or the frequency offset.
26. Receiver (10) according to one of the claims 18 to 25,
wherein the receiver (10) searches for the occurrence of different transmissions of the group of partial messages in the received partial messages by hypothesis testing using the set of reference sequences.
27. Receiver (10) according to one of the claims 18 to 26,
wherein the receiver (10) accesses data in the partial message to identify the frequency hopping pattern and/or the time of initial transmission and/or a reference point for transmitting the partial message.
28. A method for receiving data in a wireless communication system,
wherein partial messages are received, which partial messages together comprise the data and are shorter than the individual messages comprising the data, and
wherein a frequency hopping pattern is identified for use in transmitting the partial messages, the frequency hopping pattern relating to the time and the transmission frequency at which the respective partial message is transmitted.
29. A system (50) for signal transmission,
wherein the system (50) comprises at least one transmitter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and at least one receiver (10) according to any one of claims 18 to 27.
30. A computer program having a program code for performing the method according to any of claims 17 or 28.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a transmitter and a receiver and corresponding methods for transmitting and receiving data.
Background
DE 102011082098 a1 describes a so-called "packet splitting" in which a data packet is divided into several partial packets (so-called packet fragments, or partial packets in the following), each of which only transmits a fragment of the total information to be transmitted and is shorter than the individual packets carrying the total information. Such partial packets or message fragments are referred to as "hops". Several information symbols are communicated in a hop. Hops are sent on one frequency, or distributed over several frequencies (so-called "frequency hopping"). There is a pause between hops where no transmission occurs. In one variation, the partial messages are sent using a frequency hopping pattern. In the following, the term message may be used to generalize all groups of related partial messages.
In order to be able to successfully decode the packet at the receiver side, the frequency hopping pattern used for transmission must be known to the receiver. To ensure this, a frequency hopping pattern is defined for the message splitting network that is known to all participants.
In a radio transmission system, it may be advantageous to transmit the same information or the same data several times. This increases the probability of reception when interference occurs if the system uses uncoordinated transmissions (e.g., ALOHA or slotted ALOHA). This is caused by uncoordinated transmissions because the random time to transmit increases the probability of being able to transmit over the transmission channel without interference. By means of multiple transmission (multiple transfer), a higher reception sensitivity can also be achieved by means of diversity. For example, Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) is one approach. Provided that the receiver knows at least the relative positions of the initial transmission and the repetition before reception so that the receiver can combine the correct symbols accordingly.
If the message is split for transmission, repeated transmission of the respective partial message groups is performed, for example, with a fixed time offset and/or frequency offset between transmissions.
Thus, for example, a first repeat transmission begins 10 seconds after a first transmission of the total message, and a second repeat transmission begins 5 seconds after the first repeat transmission, and so on. The time interval always refers to a predefined reference time (e.g. the start of the first part of the message). This approach allows the receiver to perform classical combining (MRC) also in the message splitting network.
However, there may be cases where: several transmitters transmit their signals simultaneously so that there is overlap at the receiver. The signal overlap also depends on whether the transmitters use the same frequency hopping pattern.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a transmitter and a receiver for data communication using message splitting, in which the negative effects on the signal transmission by an interfering transmitter or by a plurality of interfering transmitters are reduced.
According to the invention, this object is solved by a transmitter.
In this case, the sender transmits the data in the form of a partial message group comprising at least two partial messages which together comprise the data and are shorter than a single message comprising the data. In this case, for example, the data will be transmitted by the transmitter to the receiver and is sensor data. The set of partial packets may also be referred to as packets. The transmitter transmits the set of partial messages according to a frequency hopping pattern, which relates to the time and/or the transmission frequency at which the respective partial message is transmitted. In addition, the transmitter transmits the partial message group a plurality of times, i.e. the partial message group is transmitted at least twice. Thus, these transmissions may also be referred to as initial transmissions and repetitions.
Thus, the sender applies message splitting, where parts of the message are sent according to a frequency hopping pattern. In this case, the frequency hopping pattern relates to the frequency to be used and/or the time interval between partial messages, or to the relative time and absolute time at which partial messages are transmitted. In addition, the sender transmits the partial packet group multiple times, i.e., at least twice.
In one configuration, the transmitter uses different frequency hopping patterns each for at least two transmissions of the partial message group. If the hopping patterns are different, the frequency and/or time location of each partial message will also be different between transmissions. In particular, in a configuration, the frequency hopping pattern of a first transmission is different from subsequent transmissions.
In one configuration, the transmitter accesses a set of stored reference frequency hopping patterns for selection of the frequency hopping pattern. In one configuration, the set of reference frequency hopping patterns is also known specifically to the receiver, such that the receiver uses the appropriate frequency hopping pattern, or at least only tries frequency hopping patterns that appear in the set of reference frequency hopping patterns.
In one configuration, the transmitter randomly selects a frequency hopping pattern from a set of reference frequency hopping patterns for transmitting the partial message group. In this configuration, several different frequency hopping patterns are available to the transmitter, from which the transmitter selects the corresponding frequency hopping pattern. The selection is random such that even in case two transmitters access the same set of reference frequency hopping patterns and may use the same frequency hopping pattern at a time, the probability of two transmitters selecting the same frequency hopping pattern again is low.
In one configuration, the transmitter generates a frequency hopping pattern via a generation scheme in order to transmit the partial packet group. In such a configuration, for example, the transmitter changes the frequency hopping pattern in order to obtain a new frequency hopping pattern therefrom for further transmission. Alternatively, the transmitter generates the frequency hopping pattern based on predetermined parameters and/or variables. In this case, the generation scheme is also preferably known at the receiver side. In one configuration, the generation of the frequency hopping pattern is performed in particular according to randomly selected parameters.
In one configuration, to transmit the partial message group after a previous transmission, the transmitter generates a frequency hopping pattern using an offset in time and/or frequency of the frequency hopping pattern used for the previous transmission. In this configuration, the change of the existing hopping pattern includes at least changing the transmission time and/or the transmission frequency, e.g., for transmitting the respective partial message. Thus, in the repetition, at least one partial message is sent differently in frequency and/or time than in the previous transmission. In one configuration, all partial messages are sent at different frequencies or with variations with respect to time. In an alternative configuration, the change of the frequency hopping pattern is performed only in discrete steps, which relate to the size of the frequency hopping pattern. Thus, for example, if a partial message includes a certain transmission duration, a time offset is performed in a dimension relative to the transmission duration. Alternatively or additionally, for example, if the partial message includes a certain bandwidth, frequency shifting is performed in a dimension relative to the bandwidth.
In one configuration, the aforementioned shifting is performed randomly.
In one configuration, to transmit the partial packet group, the transmitter generates the frequency hopping pattern with an offset in time and/or frequency, in particular a random and/or preferably discrete offset, of a frequency hopping pattern randomly selected from the set of reference frequency hopping patterns. In this configuration, the frequency hopping pattern is randomly selected and then changed with respect to time or frequency.
In one configuration, the transmitter generates the hopping pattern using a discrete offset in time relative to a length of time of the partial message and/or a discrete offset in frequency relative to a channel bandwidth used for transmission. In this case, the current hopping pattern or randomly selected hopping pattern is preferably randomly offset.
In one configuration, the transmitter performs at least two transmissions of the partial group of packets in an interleaved manner, the at least two transmissions being accomplished by: the sender transmits the partial message transmitted by the other of the two transmissions during a pause between the two partial messages transmitted by one of the two transmissions. In this configuration, the transmissions are not separated from one another, but rather the transmissions are pushed partially into one another, so that at least one partial message of one transmission (second transmission) is present in a pause between two partial messages of the other transmission (first transmission).
In this case, this configuration is in addition to or instead of using different hopping patterns in different transmissions.
In one configuration, the sender randomly determines in which pause of the one transmission the sender transmits the first partial message of the set of partial messages of the other transmission. In this configuration, the transmitter determines the time offset between the two transmissions. In this case, the transmitter determines which pause between two previously transmitted partial messages it inserts into the first partial message of the subsequent transmission. In this case, the choice of the pause also depends on the hopping pattern used, since overlapping of the interleaved transmissions with itself is to be avoided.
In one configuration, the transmitter uses the same frequency hopping pattern in at least two interlaced transmissions.
In an alternative configuration, in one of the at least two interleaved transmissions, the transmitter uses a frequency hopping pattern of the other of the at least two interleaved transmissions, wherein the transmitter provides a (in particular random and/or preferably discrete) offset in time and/or frequency for the frequency hopping pattern.
In one configuration, the transmitter generates the hopping pattern using a discrete offset in time relative to a length of time of the partial message and/or a discrete offset in frequency relative to a channel bandwidth used for transmission.
In one configuration, the transmitter inserts into the transmitted partial message and/or the payload data of the partial message and/or into data derivable from the payload data of the partial message (e.g. error correction value, CRC or hash value): data relating to the frequency hopping pattern used, and/or data relating to a change in the frequency hopping pattern used compared to a previous or subsequent frequency hopping pattern, and/or data relating to parameters determining the selection and/or design of the frequency hopping pattern used. Thus, at least one partial message carries data or information about the used frequency hopping pattern. For example, the parameter is a random number, and the transmitter selects or changes the frequency hopping pattern according to the random number. In an alternative configuration, the parameter is implicitly present in the transmitted data, and therefore does not have to be introduced additionally. For example, a portion of the user data or a CRC or hash value is used to derive the frequency hopping pattern, since these values vary from message to message and are therefore also different random values in different transmissions. For example, the error correction value is a random parameter by which the transmitter generates and/or selects the current frequency hopping pattern.
In an additional or alternative configuration to one of the above configurations, the transmitter uses different transmission frequency bands in each of the plurality of (i.e., at least two) transmissions of the partial packet group. In this case, the multiple transmissions may be in different or the same frequency hopping pattern. In one configuration, at least two transmissions are pushed or interleaved with each other. In one configuration, the transmission bands at least partially overlap. In an alternative configuration, the transmission bands do not overlap.
The invention also solves the object by a method for transmitting data.
In this case, the method comprises at least the following steps:
transmitting data in a partial message group, the partial message group comprising at least two partial messages, the at least two partial messages together comprising the data and being shorter than an individual message comprising the data. In this case, the partial message groups are transmitted according to a frequency hopping pattern, which relates to the time and/or the transmission frequency at which the individual partial messages are transmitted. In this case, the partial message group is transmitted a plurality of times, i.e. at least twice.
The above-described configuration of the transmitter can be realized by correspondingly configured steps of the method, so that a repeated discussion is omitted here.
Furthermore, the invention solves the object by a receiver.
The receiver receives partial messages from the sender, the partial messages together comprising data and being shorter than the individual messages comprising the data. Furthermore, the receiver uses at least one frequency hopping pattern by the transmitter in the transmission of the partial messages, the frequency hopping pattern relating to the time and/or the transmission frequency at which the respective partial message is transmitted.
In one configuration, to identify a frequency hopping pattern, the receiver accesses a set of stored reference frequency hopping patterns. Thus, the receiver tries the reference hopping pattern one by one until the correct hopping pattern is found.
In one configuration, the receiver identifies the (and thus current) frequency hopping pattern using a previously identified frequency hopping pattern as a starting point. The receiver therefore performs an extrapolation to infer the currently transmitted frequency hopping pattern from the identified frequency hopping patterns.
In one configuration, starting with a received partial message in a transmission of a partial message group, the receiver determines at least one change in a frequency hopping pattern of a previous transmission of the partial message group. Thus, by evaluation of the partial message, the receiver determines a change in the frequency offset and/or time offset of the frequency hopping pattern used for transmission compared to the previously used frequency hopping pattern.
In one configuration, the receiver divides the received partial messages and assigns them to different transmissions of the partial message groups. Thus, for example, if the sender generates a transmission such that a subsequently transmitted partial message is inserted between previously transmitted partial messages, the receiver classifies the partial messages as separate transmissions, in particular, does not process the partial messages all together. In other words: the transmitter interleaves at least two transmissions in the partial message group. The receiver receives the partial message and allocates the partial message to the respective transmission, so that the receiver, for example, distinguishes whether the partial message belongs to the first transmission or is a repetition.
In one configuration, the receiver combines received partial messages from different interleaved transmissions belonging to a group of partial messages. The receiver thus combines the partial messages belonging to the first transmission (the so-called initial transmission) and the second transmission (i.e. the first repetition), for example. This is performed, for example, by MRC (maximum ratio combining).
In one configuration, the receiver combines received differently transmitted partial messages belonging to a group of partial messages. This involves, for example, transmissions in which the hopping patterns are shifted relative to each other or differ from each other.
In one arrangement, the receiver searches for the occurrence of different transmissions of the set of partial messages in the received partial message by hypothesis testing using the time offset and/or the frequency offset. Thus, for example, the receiver searches for a first transmission followed by a second transmission. To this end, it uses different values for the time offset and/or the frequency offset and checks which offset fits into the received partial message. Alternatively or additionally, a search is performed among the available reference sequences until the correct reference sequence is found.
In an additional or alternative configuration, the receiver searches for the occurrence of different transmissions of the set of partial messages in the received partial message by hypothesis testing using a set of reference sequences. For example, the set of reference sequences is stored in a data memory of the receiver.
In one configuration, the receiver accesses data in the partial message for identifying a frequency hopping pattern, and/or a time of initial transmission, and/or a reference point for transmitting the partial message. In one arrangement, the data is generated from payload data transmitted by the respective partial message. Thus, depending on the configuration, the currently used frequency hopping pattern or the first transmission (i.e., initial transmission) or reference point or repetition of the transmission of the partial message set is identified.
The invention also solves the object by means of a method for receiving data.
In this case, the method comprises at least the following steps:
partial messages are received, which together constitute data and are shorter than the individual messages comprising said data. Furthermore, a frequency hopping pattern is identified which is used when transmitting the partial messages, the frequency hopping pattern relating to the time and the transmission frequency at which the respective partial message is transmitted.
In one configuration, the partial messages belong to a partial message group. In this case, in one configuration, the partial packet group is received several times (i.e., at least twice).
The above configuration of the receiver may be achieved by the steps of the corresponding configuration of the method, so that a repeated discussion is omitted here.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for signal transmission comprising at least one transmitter according to one of the above-mentioned configurations and at least one receiver according to one of the above-mentioned configurations.
Finally, the invention relates to a computer program having a program code for performing the above-mentioned method according to any of the configurations.
Drawings
In particular, there are many possibilities to configure and further develop the transmitter, the receiver, the system and the corresponding method. For this purpose, reference is made, on the one hand, to the patent claims and, on the other hand, to the following description of the arrangement in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a sender's repeated transmission of a portion of a message,
figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a system for data transmission,
figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the repeated transmission of partial messages by two transmitters having the same frequency hopping pattern,
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the repeated transmission of partial messages by two transmitters, wherein one transmitter switches the frequency hopping pattern for repetition,
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the repeated transmission of partial messages by two transmitters, wherein one transmitter changes the frequency hopping pattern for repetition, an
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of dual transmission of a partial message group, where the transmissions are interleaved.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 illustrates a partial message sent by a transmitter with a frequency hopping pattern, which includes (for example, in this context) five partial messages. Part of the packet is denoted by a. The x-axis is shown as time and the y-axis is shown as frequency.
Here, group a is repeated twice, wherein only the first partial message of the second repetition is depicted. A first multiplex WA1 of group a is represented and a second multiplex WA2 is represented. Thus, there are three emissions for group a. The time interval of the transmission is denoted TW, the duration TW1 of the first transmission and the duration TW2 of the second transmission being identical here due to the respectively identical hopping pattern.
Thus, fig. 1 shows a case where only one transmitter transmits a signal.
Fig. 2 shows a
Fig. 3 shows what happens if both
In fig. 3, the partial message groups transmitted by the two
Thus, one of the
Thus, the
The corresponding generation rule, or in this case the set of reference hopping patterns, is known to the
Fig. 4 shows the case in which the two partial message groups a and B are each transmitted in the same frequency hopping pattern in a first transmission, whereas the frequency hopping pattern used in the first repetition of group B (the first repetition is denoted here by WB1 and is therefore the second transmission of group B) is different from the first transmission.
It can be seen that there is no more overlap of partial messages in each first repetition.
Due to the random selection of the frequency hopping pattern, a repetition of one transmitter will correspond with only a low probability to the frequency hopping pattern that the other transmitter has selected for transmitting the repetition. The probability that two transmitters reuse the same hopping pattern decreases with the likelihood of selection of the hopping pattern or the number of possibilities of change. For example, a set with more hopping patterns reduces the probability of overlapping of repetitions.
Thus, a message that cannot be decoded without repetition (as a term for a partial group of messages) due to overlap with another transmission having the same frequency hopping pattern can also be received by repetition.
Fig. 5 shows that the frequency hopping pattern of the first transmission is changed in the first repetition. Here, in the second transmission of group B, referred to as the first repeat WB1, the position with respect to frequency (FWB1) and with respect to time (TWB1) is changed such that the hopping patterns of the respective first repeats (WA1 and WB1) are shifted with respect to each other and do not overlap any more. Thus, no other hopping pattern is used, but the hopping pattern used for the previous transmission is offset in time and/or frequency in a preferably random manner in order to reduce the probability of collisions.
The random offsets are ideally chosen such that discrete steps are created for the time offset and/or frequency offset, which when chosen differently, enable reception of the same frequency hopping pattern with different offsets. Thus, for example, the frequency offset is performed in the step of sub-transmitting the channel, or the time offset is performed in a part of the transmission duration.
Fig. 6 shows a configuration in which two transmissions of a partial packet group (a and WA1) are interleaved. This means that a partial message transmitted at one time is sent out in a pause between partial messages transmitted at another time.
If the repetition (i.e. starting from the second transmission) is sent after the original message or after the first transmission, it is advantageous if, in the case of variable message lengths, the distance of repetition is chosen such that the maximum possible length of the original message (i.e. of the group of partial messages to be sent) is between the transmission of the first partial message (i.e. the first transmission) and the first repeated first partial message (i.e. the second transmission) of the original message. If this cannot be guaranteed, the transmission of the message may overlap with its own repetition.
On the other hand, a too long transmission duration is disadvantageous for the receiver, since the time of a partial message in a repetition no longer corresponds exactly to the expected time due to quartz tolerances. Therefore, MRC can only be performed if the time error and the frequency error caused by the quartz can be determined accurately with sufficient accuracy in the first transmission and in the subsequent transmissions. Typically, this may not be done due to noise and interference.
Advantageously, the overall transmission duration and hence latency is reduced. Due to the initial transmission and the repeated interleaved transmission, the repeated received data can be combined with the initial transmission without separate synchronization in time and frequency.
In one configuration, the time between transmission of the partial messages is specified. The time offset between the partial messages transmitted in each case is equal to the fixed
Alternatively or additionally, a shift with respect to frequency occurs.
In this case, the interleaved transmission may also be combined with other previous configurations.
In this case, it is to be noted that the pauses of the frequency hopping patterns are tuned to each other such that the frequency hopping patterns do not push into each other during the entire duration of the transmission. This means that the cumulative sum of the pause durations of the interleaved hopping patterns does not exceed a threshold, since the transmission of partial messages may collide.
For example, when operating a synchronous network, a participant desires to respond to his/her message after transmission of his/her message itself in an explicitly specified time slot and an explicitly specified frequency. In this case, the exact time and the exact frequency of the first transmission of the partial message group must be known, if it is to be used as a reference time.
In one configuration, a random parameter is explicitly transmitted in the partial message, from which a deviation of the frequency hopping pattern from a previous or, for example, the frequency hopping pattern is derived. In an alternative configuration, this is done through data derived from the message (e.g., CRC, hash, part of the message, part of the payload data).
In one configuration, the time of transmission of the original message is determined by calculation via the received repetition and random parameters. This is particularly advantageous in the case where the initial transmission cannot be decoded due to interference.
Alternatively or additionally, the transmission (or here specifically repetition) is performed in a different frequency band. Therefore, several frequency resources are used and frequency diversity is employed. In addition, the frequency band of the initial transmission (i.e., the first transmission) is carefully processed.
Thus, the receiver has a larger bandwidth than in other configurations.
Even though some aspects have been described in the context of a device, it should be understood that: the described aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a structural component of an apparatus is also understood as a corresponding method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described or depicted as method steps within the context of method steps also represent a description of the corresponding blocks or details or features of the corresponding apparatus. Some or all of the method steps may be performed using hardware devices, such as microprocessors, programmable computers, or electronic circuits. In some embodiments, some or several of the most important method steps may be performed by such a device.
Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in hardware or software, depending on the particular implementation requirements. Implementation may be performed using a digital storage medium (e.g. a floppy disk, a DVD, a blu-ray disk, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or a flash memory, a hard disk drive or another magnetic or optical memory) having electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate or are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system such that the respective method is performed. Accordingly, the digital storage medium may be computer-readable.
Some embodiments according to the invention thus comprise a data carrier comprising electrically readable control signals capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system to perform any of the methods described herein.
In general, embodiments of the invention can be implemented as a computer program product having a program code for performing any of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
The program code may also be stored, for example, on a machine-readable carrier.
Other embodiments include a computer program stored on a machine-readable carrier for performing any of the methods described herein. In other words, an embodiment of the inventive method is therefore a computer program having a program code for performing any of the methods described herein, when the computer program runs on a computer.
Another embodiment of the inventive method is thus a data carrier (or digital storage medium or computer readable medium) having recorded thereon a computer program for performing any of the methods described herein. The data carrier, the digital storage medium or the recorded medium is typically tangible or non-volatile.
Another embodiment of the inventive method is thus a data stream or a signal sequence representing a computer program for performing any of the methods described herein. The data stream or signal sequence may be configured to be transmitted, for example, via a data communication link (e.g., via the internet).
Another embodiment includes a processing unit, such as a computer or programmable logic device, configured or adapted to perform any of the methods described herein.
Another embodiment comprises a computer having installed thereon a computer program for performing any of the methods described herein.
Another embodiment according to the present invention comprises a device or system configured for transmitting a computer program for performing at least one of the methods described herein to a receiver. The transmission may be, for example, electronic or optical. The receiver may be, for example, a computer, a mobile device, a memory device, or the like. The device or system may comprise, for example, a file server for transmitting the computer program to the receiver.
In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field programmable gate array FPGA) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform any of the methods described herein. In general, in some embodiments, the method is performed by any hardware device. The hardware device may be any general purpose hardware, such as a Computer Processor (CPU), or may be method specific hardware, such as an ASIC or microprocessor in the form of an ARM architecture.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It is to be understood that other persons skilled in the art will recognize modifications and variations to the arrangements and details described herein. It is therefore intended that the invention be limited only by the scope of the appended claims and not by the specific details set forth herein by way of the description and discussion of the embodiments.
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