Multistage flash evaporation technology and device for flash evaporation of flow flash evaporation surface
阅读说明：本技术 流动闪蒸面闪蒸多级闪蒸技术及装置 (Multistage flash evaporation technology and device for flash evaporation of flow flash evaporation surface ) 是由 申杰涛 于 2019-10-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：流动闪蒸面闪蒸多级闪蒸技术及装置属于水处理技求领域,流动闪蒸面闪蒸多级闪蒸技术是一种闪蒸罐在工作中无需抽低压,闪急蒸发在流动的闪蒸面发生的多级闪蒸水净化技术,在流动闪蒸面闪蒸罐组成的蒸馏系统中,原料热水通过闪蒸循环获得蒸馏水,蒸汽液化放出的热能通过冷凝循环而被回收,原料水闪蒸需要的热能主要来源为回收热能,流动闪蒸面闪蒸采用流动闪蒸面闪蒸罐闪蒸,闪蒸产生的水蒸汽能迅速到达冷凝面,传热速度快,传热效率高,闪蒸罐工作中无需外力抽低压,动力消耗低,流动闪蒸面闪蒸多级闪蒸系统造水比大且受蒸馏规模的影响很少,蒸馏系统的蒸馏规模可大可小,适应范围广。(A multi-stage flash technology and a device for flash evaporation of a flow flash surface belong to the technical field of water treatment, the multi-stage flash technology for flash evaporation of the flow flash surface is a multi-stage flash water purification technology that a flash tank does not need to pump low pressure during working and flash evaporation occurs on the flow flash surface, in a distillation system consisting of the flow flash surface flash tank, raw material hot water obtains distilled water through flash evaporation circulation, heat energy released by steam liquefaction is recovered through condensation circulation, the main source of the heat energy required by flash evaporation of the raw material water is recovered heat energy, the flow flash surface flash evaporation adopts the flow flash surface flash tank to flash, water vapor generated by flash evaporation can rapidly reach the condensation surface, the heat transfer speed is high, the heat transfer efficiency is high, no external force is needed to pump low pressure during the working of the flash tank, the power consumption is low, the water making ratio of the flow flash surface flash evaporation multi-stage flash system is large and is rarely influenced by, the application range is wide.)
1. The multistage flash evaporation technology of flash evaporation of a flowing flash evaporation surface is a multistage flash evaporation water purification technology that flash evaporation does not need to pump low pressure during the operation of a flash evaporation tank, flash distillation is carried out on the flowing flash evaporation surface, according to the principle that the saturated vapor pressure of water changes along with the change of water temperature, raw material water after heat treatment is guided into a flow flash evaporation surface flash evaporation tank which is vacuumized in advance, the raw material water is sent to the top of a flash evaporation table arranged in the flash evaporation tank, the raw material water glides downwards from the top of the flash evaporation table along the side surface of the flash evaporation table with the gradient of about 70 degrees, because the internal pressure of the flash evaporation tank is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the introduced raw material water, the raw material water is flash evaporated in the gliding flowing process, the raw material water forms a flowing flash evaporation surface when the side surface of the flash evaporation table slides downwards, the raw material water flash evaporation has the trend of increasing the internal pressure of the flash, the condensation surface is suspended and covered to the flash evaporation surface, the condensation surface is obliquely above the flash evaporation surface, the preferred flash evaporation surface and the condensation surface are arranged to be the same plane or the same curved surface, the flash evaporation surface is parallel or approximately parallel to the condensation surface, the flash evaporation surface is close to the condensation surface, steam generated by flash evaporation can rapidly convect to the condensation surface, the water vapor is condensed on the condensation surface, so that the pressure in the flash evaporation tank has a tendency of reducing, the two trends gradually tend to balance due to continuous generation of flash evaporation and liquefaction, the pressure in the flash evaporation tank reaches the pressure at a balance point, hot raw material water is continuously introduced after reaching the pressure at the balance point, the flash evaporation and liquefaction are continuously carried out, no external pressure pumping is needed, the pressure in the flash evaporation tank is continuously maintained at the pressure at the balance point, after partial flash evaporation of the raw material water, the temperature is reduced, the raw material water with the reduced temperature automatically flows, the distillation process of the previous stage is repeated, the residual raw material water without flash evaporation continuously flows to the next stage, the flash evaporation is continuously carried out until the last stage, all flash evaporation tanks do not need external force to pump low pressure in the working process, each stage of flash evaporation tank distills purified water in the form of distilled water and simultaneously recovers heat energy released by water vapor liquefaction, the heat energy is recycled, the heat energy is recovered by condensed water, in order to ensure that the raw material water automatically flows to the top end of a flash evaporation table of each stage of flash evaporation tank without additional energy consumption, a multi-strand distillation method is adopted in a multi-stage flash evaporation system of the flash evaporation of the flow flash evaporation surface, the multi-stage flash evaporation technology of the flash evaporation surface is characterized in that water vapor generated by flash evaporation easily reaches a condensation surface in a convection manner, the distillation speed is high, the heat transfer efficiency is high, the flash evaporation tanks do not need external force to pump low pressure in the working process except that the flash evaporation, the heat energy recovery rate is high, the heat energy recovered by the system is overlapped step by step, the overlapped and recovered heat energy is directly involved in the next distillation circulation, the reutilization rate of the recovered heat energy is very high, the water making ratio of the common multi-stage flash evaporation sea water desalination is greatly influenced by the scale of desalination, and the water making ratio of the flow flash evaporation surface flash evaporation multi-stage flash evaporation technology is not only large, but also is slightly influenced by the scale of purification.
2. The multistage flash system according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a flash tank apparatus or a synthetic flash tank apparatus, a constant water level distilled water collector apparatus, a settling tube or a settling vessel apparatus, and other known apparatuses, at least one flash tank is provided for each stage of the multistage flash system, one constant water level distilled water collector is provided for each of several stages, the settling tube or settling vessel is mainly provided for purification of solute-rich raw water such as seawater, the settling tube or settling vessel may be provided for each stage or may be provided for each stage at intervals, and the apparatus provided for the multistage flash system with the flow flash surface is characterized by simple apparatus setup, large or small distillation scale, and large flexibility in equipment production scale.
3. The multistage flash system of flash evaporation with a flow flash surface according to claim 1.2 comprises two circulation paths of raw material water flash evaporation circulation and condensed water heat recovery circulation, wherein hot raw material water with set temperature value flows from a first stage flash evaporation tank to a last stage flash evaporation tank for raw material water flash evaporation circulation, each stage has a part of raw material water which is flash evaporated and then liquefied into distilled water to be led out, simultaneously the temperature of the hot raw material water is gradually reduced, when the raw material water reaches the last stage, the residual raw material water without flash evaporation is discharged in the form of cold water with the temperature slightly higher than the temperature of the raw material water to be purified, the discharged cold water is lifted by a water pump to be used as condensed water to participate in the condensation circulation, the part of raw material water reduced due to distillation is supplemented by new raw material water and then participates in the condensation circulation, water vapor generated by the last stage flash evaporation tank needs to be separately refrigerated, the condensation circulation starts from the, condensed water flows from the penultimate stage to the previous stage step by step, when the condensed water flows to the first stage, the heat energy released by liquefaction of water vapor at each stage is recovered, when the condensed water reaches the first stage, the temperature of the condensed water rises to the highest, the condensed water becomes hot raw water with higher temperature, a small amount of heat energy is supplemented, after the temperature reaches a set temperature, the condensed water continues to participate in the next raw water flash cycle, two circulation paths are connected end to form a closed distillation and heat recovery major cycle, the temperature of the raw water in the last stage flash tank of the multi-stage flash system is higher than that of the raw water in the next stage flash tank, the temperature of the condensed water of the last stage refrigeration is higher than that of the condensed water of the next stage refrigeration, therefore, the pressure intensity of the equilibrium point of the last stage flash tank is higher than that of the next stage flash tank, the pressure difference existing in the last stage flash tank is the power for, the raw material water distillation and heat recovery major cycle of the multistage flash evaporation system with the flowing flash evaporation surface can control the distillation purification speed or purification scale in a certain range, and is characterized in that most of heat energy required by the raw material water flash evaporation in the raw material water flash evaporation cycle comes from heat recovery, the heat recovery cycle heat recovery rate is high, the recovered heat energy directly participates in the next recycle, and the recycle rate of the recovered heat energy is high.
4. The flash tank according to the two claims 1.2 has a remarkable feature: the flash tank is characterized in that a closed space for flash evaporation is formed by jointly sealing a condensation surface of a condensation device and other auxiliary sealing structures, the condensation surface of the condensation device is used as a sealing wall of the flash tank, in order to facilitate the convection heat conduction of water vapor generated by flash evaporation, the condensation surface always inclines towards the direction of a flash evaporation table, the condensation surface is positioned above the flash evaporation surface, the flash tank has two arrangement forms, one is a condensation cover flash tank, the condensation device is arranged outside the flash evaporation table, the condensation surface surrounds the flash evaporation surface, the area of the condensation surface is larger than that of the flash evaporation surface, the condensation device is a condensation cover, the condensation cover flash tank is additionally provided with a condensation water container, and the condensation cover is soaked in condensed water in the condensation water container; the other is a condenser pipe flash tank, the condenser pipe and an auxiliary sealing structure jointly form a sealing space of the flash tank, in the sealing space, a flash surface is arranged outside, the flash surface surrounds the condensing surface, the condenser pipe is positioned in the center of a surrounding ring, the area of the flash surface is larger than that of the condensing surface, openings at two ends of the condenser pipe are exposed out of the sealing space, the condenser pipe is simultaneously equivalent to a condensate water container, condensate water directly flows in the condenser pipe, two condensing devices are both made of metal materials which are easy to conduct heat and corrosion resistant, other auxiliary sealing structures are adopted, a flash platform is made of plastics which meet the hygienic standards of drinking water, the bottom area of a single two flash tanks, namely the floor area of a single flash tank is small, the floor area of a synthetic flash tank integrated by dozens or dozens of flash tanks cannot be too large, the position relation of small flash tanks in the synthetic flash tank can, also can be pure series connection, when two flash tanks of series connection are adjacent in position, the last level flash tank exhaust raw materials water of series connection need not pass through connecting tube and directly gets into next stage flash tank, the comdenstion water circulation between the synthetic flash tank is connected also simpler, the characterized in that condensing equipment and the comdenstion water contact surface of the flash tank of flow flash surface flash evaporation expose, condensing equipment washs conveniently, raw materials water is handled earlier stage and is required less than ordinary multistage flash evaporation, the synthetic flash tank can be big or small, can also connect in parallel again between synthetic flash tank and the synthetic flash tank, it can not influence the normal work of not closing partly not to close partly when parallel arrangement is inactive, the adjustable elasticity of equipment productivity is big.
5. The flash evaporation table device arranged according to claim 1 and 4 is a device arranged for the purpose that raw material water can form a flowing flash evaporation surface in a flash evaporation tank, raw material water flows to the top end of the flash evaporation table from the top of the flash evaporation table to tightly attach to the side surface of the flash evaporation table and flows down, corresponding intercepting facilities are arranged at the top of the flash evaporation table when the flash evaporation table is arranged, the water flow is uniformly dispersed on the side surface as much as possible, the raw material water slides down on the side surface of the flash evaporation table with the inclination of about 70 degrees while flashing and flowing for flash evaporation, generated water vapor is positioned between the flash evaporation surface and the condensation surface, the distance of water vapor convection is short, the heat transfer is fast, the efficiency is high, only the condensation surface of the condensation device and the inclination of the flash evaporation surface of the flash evaporation table are all set to about 70 degrees, because the more the inclination of the condensation surface is favorable for convection heat transfer, but too much inclination is generated, and distilled, some distilled water can drip back to raw materials water, causes the distilled water extravagant, consequently sets up the gradient of condensation surface to about 70 degrees, and the flash distillation face is parallel with the condensation surface, and the gradient of flash distillation face also is about 70 degrees naturally, and flash distillation platform device's characterized in that raw materials water forms the flash distillation face that flows at flash distillation platform gliding, can improve the distillation rate and the heat recovery speed of system greatly.
6. A corresponding arrangement is made according to the multistrand distillation method of claim 1, which is actually a special connection method between the flash tanks of the flash tank multistage flash system and the flash tanks, as long as the connection meets the specific requirement, all devices of the distillation system do not need to be changed, the pressure in the upper stage flash tank of the multistage flash system is always larger than the pressure in the lower stage flash tank, the potential energy of the raw material water flowing from the upper stage flash tank to the lower stage flash tank is increased, the more flash stages of the whole system, the less the step difference of the pressure in the upper stage and the lower stage, the less the potential energy of the raw material water flowing from the upper stage to the lower stage is increased, the high heat recovery rate is ensured, the flash stage number is required to be set to be enough, and when the number of stages is enough, the potential energy required by the raw material water flowing to the lower stage flash tank is not enough to provide the raw material water to automatically, every stock water is more grades to flowing to lower one-level more, and the comdenstion water is unchangeable to definite first order circulation flow order by definite last one-level, and definite upper and lower flash distillation level order is unchangeable promptly, and every stock water is crossed several grades by one-level, and the raw materials potential energy increment just is enough to be sent raw materials water to the top of flash distillation platform, and share distillation's characterized in that can guarantee that raw materials water energy is self-sufficient, and raw materials water is sent to flash distillation platform top and does not additionally consume the energy.
7. The distilled water collecting device according to claim 1.2 is a constant water level distilled water collector device, the pressure in each stage of flash tank of the multi-stage flash system is different, the distilled water generated in each stage of flash tank has different negative pressure values, the constant water level distilled water collector device can lead out the distilled water with different negative pressure values to be collected by the same constant water level distilled water collector without influencing the negative pressure in all the flash tanks connected to the collector, and the constant water level distilled water collector device is characterized by simple structure, one can be controlled by a plurality of devices, and the controller of the system can be simplified and controlled more accurately.
8. The settling tube or the settling vessel according to claim 2 is designed for raw material water containing a large amount of solute, such as seawater, and can settle various salts generated in the distillation process into the settling tube or the settling vessel and can be easily cleaned out, the settling tube or the settling vessel may be provided at each stage or may be provided at intervals of several stages as required, and the settling tube or the settling vessel is characterized by promoting the deposition of the solute and the scale of impurities and having a characteristic of convenient cleaning.
Background
Background art on purified water: water pollution is getting more and more serious due to human activities and higher industrialization degree. Tap water, surface water and even a lot of underground water are difficult to meet the demand of people for high-quality water. People urgently hope to obtain drinking water with better appearance and higher safety and water with high quality. In this context, a water revolution was made.
The development of canned water and the emergence of various water purifiers are products of the time. Although the canned water meets some of the drinking water requirements, its disadvantages are also apparent.
The problem of water consumption is changed to a certain extent in the appearance of water purification equipment, but the water purifier generally adopts a filtering mode, and the filter element and the filter material in the water purifier need to be replaced regularly regardless of which filtering mode is adopted, so that a lot of garbage is generated while the filtering mode is troublesome. Especially in areas lacking fresh water resources, it is more difficult to use clean water which is safe and sufficient.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a method for flash multi-stage flash distillation of a flow flash surface, which comprises the following steps: according to the principle that water has different saturated vapor pressures at different temperatures, raw material water heated to a set temperature value is introduced into a flash tank which is vacuumized in advance and is flashed by a flowing flash surface, the raw material water is sent to the top of a flash platform arranged in the flash tank, the raw material water slides downwards from the top of the flash platform along the side surface of the flash platform with the inclination of about 70 degrees to form the flowing flash surface, as the pressure in the flash tank is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of hot raw material water, part of the raw material water is flash evaporated on the flowing flash surface, the flash evaporation makes the pressure in the flash tank increase, the condensing surface and the flash surface of a condensing device are arranged into the same plane or the same curved surface, the corresponding condensing surface and the flash surface are parallel or approximately parallel, the condensing surface and the condensing surface are close to each other, the condensing surface is reversely inclined and is positioned above the flash surface, a suspended cover faces the flash surface (as shown in, the water vapor generated by flash evaporation of the flash evaporation surface quickly convects to reach the condensation surface, the water vapor is liquefied into distilled water when meeting cold on the condensation surface, the distilled water slides down and gathers along the condensation wall, the distilled water is led out from the distilled water leading-out port, the heat energy released by the liquefaction of the water vapor is recovered by condensed water, the pressure in the flash evaporation tank tends to be reduced when the water vapor is liquefied when meeting cold, when the two trends are in dynamic balance, the pressure in the flash evaporation tank reaches the dynamic balance point pressure, the raw material water is continuously led in, the flash evaporation and the liquefaction continue to occur, the flash evaporation tank does not need external force to pump low pressure, the balance point pressure can be always kept basically unchanged during the work, after the raw material water is partially flashed, the temperature of the residual raw material water without flash evaporation is reduced, the raw material water is discharged from the raw material water discharging port and automatically flows to the flash evaporation table of the next flash evaporation, until the last stage is changed into cold water with the temperature slightly higher than that of the raw material water before heat treatment, the cold water is discharged, the discharged cold water is lifted by a water pump and participates in a condensation cycle, the part of the raw material water which is changed into distilled water and is reduced is supplemented by new raw material water and participates in the condensation cycle, in order to ensure the distillation speed, the condensed water and the steam in the flash tank have certain temperature difference, therefore, the steam of the last stage needs to be refrigerated independently, the condensation cycle starts from the last but second stage, the water level requirement of the condensed water of the stage is the highest, the condensed water flows from the last stage to the previous stage in sequence, when the condensed water flows to the first stage, the heat energy released by liquefaction of all the water steam of the stages except the last stage is recovered, the condensed water is changed into hot raw material water, a small part of heat energy is supplemented, after the temperature reaches a set value, the second distillation, as shown in fig. 1, a circulation path a of distilled water obtained by flash distillation of raw material water, a circulation path B of condensed water heat recovery, after the circulation a reaches the last stage and the raw material water reduced by distillation is supplemented by new raw material water (the process of supplementing raw material water is a process), the circulation B starts after the circulation a ends, when the circulation B reaches the end, namely the condensed water reaches the first stage, the temperature of the condensed water reaches the highest, but has a certain difference from the set temperature value of hot raw material water, after a small amount of heat energy is supplemented (the process of supplementing heat energy is B process), the raw material water enters the circulation a for the second time, the two circulation paths are connected end to form closed distillation, the heat recovery circulation is large, the raw material water flash evaporation and the liquefaction process of water vapor in all stages of flash evaporation tanks are carried out synchronously in work, the raw material flash evaporation and the liquefaction of water vapor are in dynamic balance, the pressure of the dynamic balance point in the flash evaporation tanks, meanwhile, the pressure difference exists in the upper-level flash tank and the lower-level flash tank, and the raw water flows into the lower-level flash tank automatically from the upper-level flash tank.
Another object of the invention is to provide a specific device for water purification by the above method.
1. Setting of flash tank and synthesis flash tank devices:
1-1 the flow flash surface flash tank arranged according to the flow flash surface flash technology has two setting forms: one is a condensation cover flash evaporation tank, the condensation device is arranged outside, the flash evaporation platform is arranged inside, the condensation surface surrounds the flash evaporation surface, the area of the condensation surface is larger than that of the flash evaporation surface, the condensation device is a condensation cover, as shown in figure 2(1), all condensation surfaces (for convenience of distilled water collection, the top surface of the condensation cover is not used as the condensation surface) are inclined towards the flash evaporation platform positioned at the center, the lower part of the condensation cover is large and the upper part of the condensation cover is small, flash distillation is carried out in a closed space covered by the condensation cover, a condensation water container is additionally arranged, and the condensation cover is soaked in the condensation water of the condensation water; the other is a condenser tube flash tank, the condenser tube and the auxiliary sealing structure jointly form a sealed space of the flash tank, flash distillation is carried out in the sealed space, the flash surface is arranged outside, the flash surface surrounds the condensing surface, the condenser tube is positioned in the center of the surrounding ring, the area of the flash surface is larger than that of the condensing surface, as shown in figure 2(2), because the condensing surface needs to incline outwards towards the flash surface, so big-end-up of condenser pipe bore, outside the uncovered exposing of condenser pipe two was to sealed space, the condenser pipe was equivalent to the comdenstion water container simultaneously, the comdenstion water flows in the condenser pipe, the condensing equipment of two kinds of flash tanks all uses easy heat conduction and the metal material that corrosion resistance is strong to make, supplementary seal part, flash platform adopt the plastics preparation that accords with drinking water health standard, use the condensation cover flash tank to describe the setting of flash tank once as an example below, condensation cover flash tank device comprises the triplex: (1) the condensation cover, (2) the condensation cover covers the part, (3) the condensate container, the part that the condensation cover covered is located the condensation cover lower part (including the flash platform), this part is equipped with raw materials water inlet and outlet hole, distilled water delivery hole, and the flash platform has occupied most space that the condensation cover covered, and condensation cover (1) covers part (2) with the condensation cover and has constituted the main part of condensation cover flash tank together. The condensation cover is required to be soaked in condensed water in a condensed water container to normally work, the condensed water container (3) is an auxiliary structure of the condensation cover flash tank, the flash tank body and the condensed water container are reasonably independent from each other, but when a flash system is assembled, a raw water discharge pipe of the condensation cover flash tank body is arranged, a distilled water discharge pipe penetrates through the condensed water container to discharge residual raw water after flash evaporation and obtained distilled water, a raw water inlet pipe of the flash tank of the level also penetrates through the condensed water container to guide the raw water, a large embedding hole is reserved at the bottom of the condensed water container when the condensed water container is manufactured, as shown in a picture 3(3), the bottom of the flash tank body, namely the condensation cover covers part of the condensation cover to be embedded into the embedding hole at the bottom of the condensed water container, screw holes are connected around the embedding hole when the condensed water container is manufactured, connecting screw holes are reserved on the condensation cover covers, and the reserved connecting holes are, when the flash tank is embedded and connected, a screw rod is simultaneously connected with the condensation cover, the condensation cover covering part and the condensed water container, after the flash tank main body and the condensed water container are connected into a whole, the connection of all connecting pipes is very simple, condensed water in the condensed water container needs to circularly flow, and therefore the condensed water container needs to be provided with a water inlet and outlet.
No matter be condensation cover flash tank, still condenser pipe flash tank as long as the flash tank that sets up according to the flash surface flash evaporation technique that flows all has a common characteristic: the flash tank closed space for flash evaporation is formed by sealing a condensation surface of a condensation device and other auxiliary sealing structures together, the condensation device is used as a sealing wall, and all condensation surfaces of the arranged condensation device incline to flash evaporation surfaces corresponding to the condensation device.
1-2 arrangement of the synthesis flash tank: the synthesis flash tank comprises a synthesis condensation cover flash tank and a synthesis condensation pipe flash tank.
Setting of a synthetic condensation cover flash tank: manufacturing a super-large condensed water container, dividing the super-large condensed water container into small condensed water containers with moderate sizes, forming a gap for the condensed water to enter and exit between the adjacent upper and lower small condensed water containers, enabling the condensed water to circularly flow through the gap, and reserving a main body embedding hole of a flash tank of a condensation cover at the bottom of each small condensed water container;
setting of a synthetic condenser pipe flash tank: the good synthetic condenser pipe flash tank of preparation is like enlarged honeycomb, comprises a plurality of rows of condenser pipe flash tanks, arranges and arranges between preferably parallelly connected, and this kind of parallelly connected suitably can satisfy the setting requirement of strand distillation, and flash tank is established ties about the same row, and this kind of connection raw materials water is advanced the drainage and is set up better, and last flash tank exhaust raw materials water directly gets into next flash tank, does not need the pipe connection in the middle of, and the condensate water circulation of synthetic condenser pipe flash tank advances the drainage setting and is similar with synthetic condensation cover flash tank water inlet and drainage setting.
The upper and lower flash tanks of the synthetic condensation cover flash tank are also arranged to be directly drained and drained, but the direct drainage and drainage structure is a bit more complicated than that of the synthetic condensation pipe flash tank due to the fact that a condensation water container is required to be arranged in the condensation cover flash tank. Because the floor area of a single flash tank is small, the floor area of a synthetic flash tank synthesized by dozens or dozens of single flash tanks is not too large, and the synthetic flash tanks are connected into a flash system, so that the connection is simpler, the labor consumption is less, the cost is lower, and the preferred multistage flash system with the flow flash surface flash adopts the synthetic flash tanks to flash.
2. The arrangement of the flash evaporation table and the condensation surface and the mutual position relation of the flash evaporation table and the condensation surface are as follows: the heights of the condensation surface and the flash evaporation platform are set by taking the height which can be reached by raw material water self-flow calculated according to the total number of stages of a flash evaporation system, the number of strands of fractional distillation and other related data as reference, a water-gas separation net is also set between the condensation surface and the flash evaporation surface if necessary, the flash evaporation platform is arranged in the space part covered by the condensation cover of the flash evaporation tank of the condensation cover, the condensation cover inclines towards the flash evaporation platform, the flash evaporation surface is parallel or approximately parallel to the corresponding condensation surface, the condensation surface is positioned above the flash evaporation surface in an inclined way, the position relation of the two surfaces is shown in figure 2(1), the distance between the flash evaporation surface and the condensation surface is very close, the more the inclined condensation surface is, the more the heat conduction by convection is facilitated, but the more the inclined the distilled water is inclined, the distilled water can not slide down along the condensation surface completely, the part of the distilled water can fall back into the raw material water, the distilled water is, in order to facilitate the collection of distilled water, the top of the condensation cover is not used as a condensation surface, heat insulation treatment is required or other heat insulation materials are directly used, a flash evaporation table of the condensation pipe flash evaporation tank is positioned around the condensation pipe, the condensation pipe is set into a round pipe with stronger bearing capacity, the upper caliber of the condensation pipe is larger than the lower caliber, the condensation surface is reversely inclined towards the periphery due to the upper caliber and the lower caliber of the condensation pipe, the reverse inclination angle is set to be about 70 degrees (for the same reason), the flash evaporation surface of the flash evaporation table is also set into a curved surface parallel to the pipe surface of the condensation pipe, the position relation between the condensation surface and the flash evaporation surface of the condensation pipe flash evaporation tank is shown in figure 2(2), the tops of the flash evaporation tables of the two flash evaporation tanks enable raw material water to dispersedly flow more uniformly on the flash evaporation surface of the flash evaporation table in a certain interception mode, in order to enable the raw material water to, if a larger flow is desired, multiple synthesis flash tanks may be used in parallel in one stage.
3. The setting of the multi-strand distillation method and the distillation system of the multi-strand distillation method, wherein the pressure intensity in the upper stage flash tank of the multi-stage flash (the equilibrium point pressure intensity automatically maintained by the flash tank in the work) is always larger than the pressure intensity in the lower stage flash tank, the potential energy of the raw material water flowing from the upper stage flash tank to the lower stage flash tank is increased when the raw material water flows from the upper stage flash tank to the lower stage flash tank, the pressure intensity step difference of the upper and lower stage flash tanks is reduced, the potential energy increase of the raw material water flowing from the upper stage flash tank to the lower stage flash tank is reduced, the advantages of the multi-stage flash system of the flowing flash surface flash tank are fully exerted, the flash stage number is enough, and when the stage number is enough, the potential energy increased by the raw material water flowing to the lower stage flash tank is not enough to provide enough mechanical energy for the raw material water to reach the, the connection between the flash tank and the flash tank, and between the flash tank and other devices must meet the following requirements: raw material water is divided into a plurality of strands, each strand of raw material water flows to the next stage in a cross-level mode, the condensate water is unchanged from the determined last stage to the determined first stage circulating flow sequence, namely the determined serial numbers of the flash evaporation stages of the upper stage and the lower stage are unchanged, and after each strand of raw material water crosses several stages from one stage, the potential energy increment of the raw material water is enough to meet the mechanical energy required to be consumed by sending the raw material water to the top end of the flash evaporation table.
The distillation process of the multistage flash system of the flow flash surface flash tank is as follows: the hot raw material water with a set temperature value is divided into a plurality of strands and is respectively introduced into a first stage, a second stage and a third stage, wherein the plurality of strands of raw material water can be consistent in temperature and can be slightly different in temperature, and the different temperatures require that the temperature of the raw material water of the first stage cannot be lower than that of the second stage, and the temperature of the raw material water of the second stage cannot be lower than that of the third stage, taking three strands of raw material water as an example: the first strand of raw water is sent to the first stage, the residual raw water after the first stage flash evaporation passes through the second stage and the third stage and is sent to the fourth stage, the residual raw water passes through the third stage and the fourth stage from the second stage and is sent to the fifth stage, the third strand of raw water passes through the third stage and the fourth stage and is sent to the seventh stage from the sixth stage to the sixth stage, and so on, the hot raw water enters from the raw water inlet, the residual raw water which is not evaporated automatically flows to the next stage after the partial flash distillation, the next stage of the first strand of raw water is the fourth stage, the next stage is the seventh stage, the last stage of the first strand of raw water is the N stage, the last stage of the second strand of raw water is the N +1 stage, the last stage of the third strand of raw water is the N +2 stage, wherein the N +2 stage is also the last stage of the whole system, and the temperature of tail water discharged from the N +2 stage is slightly higher than the temperature of the raw water to be purified, the residual raw material water discharged from the N level, the N +1 level and the N +2 level is mixed and lifted by a water pump and then is sent into an N +1 level condensed water container (a condensed water container of a condensed pipe flash tank is just a condensed pipe) to be used as condensed water to participate in condensation circulation, the part of raw material water reduced due to distillation is supplemented by new raw material water and then is also sent into the N +1 level to participate in condensation circulation, the level of the condensed water of the level is required to be the highest level, the condensed water flows from the condensed water container of the level to a first level condensed water container in sequence without jumping the level, and finally reaches the first level condensed water container, the raw material cold water flows from the N +1 level to the first level, the heat energy discharged by the liquefaction of water vapor in the flash tank from the (N +1 level) to the first level is superposed and recovered step by step, but is slightly lower than the set temperature value, the residual raw material water discharged from the last level (the N +2 level) of the flash system, the last stage of water vapor needs to be refrigerated independently.
If the raw material water is seawater, because the distillation is carried out continuously, the concentration of the brine can rise continuously, when the saturation solubility is exceeded, salt precipitates out, the precipitated salt is deposited at the bottom of the flash tank, and the distillation is not influenced by the salt, but the salt can be cleaned out almost without possibility, the design is changed, a deposition pipe or a deposition container is arranged below the flash tank, salt and other salt can be deposited in the deposition pipe, the cleaning is much easier, and the deposition pipe or the deposition container convenient to clean can be arranged simply.
The working principle of the distilled water collection and the constant water level distilled water collector is as follows: the pressure in each stage of flash tank in the multi-stage flash system of the flow flash surface flash tank is different, the derivation of the distilled water is somewhat complicated, and in addition, the derivation of the distilled water cannot influence the stability of the pressure of the equilibrium point in each flash tank, so that the constant water level distilled water collector shown in figure 4 well solves the two problems. Connecting distilled water outlet pipes to the inlet pipes of the constant water level distilled water collector in sequence, connecting the adjacent flash tanks to the adjacent inlet pipes, taking the collector in fig. 4 as an example, taking 5 pipes as reference pressure pipes, dividing the 5 pipes into two parts by taking the overflow port of 6 pipes as a boundary, taking the upper part as a steam pipe, taking the lower part as a mixed distilled water pipe, discharging vacuum in advance by irrigation before the 5 pipes work, and vacuumizing or discharging vacuum together with the connected flash tanks by other inlet pipes, wherein during work, the mixed distilled water at the lower part of the 5 pipes generates saturated steam to fill the upper parts of the 5 pipes, so that the upper parts of the 5 pipes have a reference pressure, the water level height of the 5 pipes is h0, when the pressure in the flash tank connected with one of the inlet pipes is lower than the reference pressure, the water level of the pipe rises h0 relatively, the pressure in the flash tank + the water pressure h is the reference pressure, and when the pressure in the flash tank connected with, the water level of the leading-in pipe is decreased h 'relative to h0, the pressure in the flash tank-the water pressure h' is the reference pressure, the flow direction of the distilled water in the constant water level distilled water collector is from the bottom of the 1 pipe to the bottom of the 2 pipes, then the distilled water sequentially flows through the bottoms of the 3 pipes and the 4 pipes to reach the 5 pipes, and finally the distilled water is led out from the 6 pipes through the overflow port, the distilled water must flow out from the low temperature to the high temperature, otherwise, convection is generated, if the distilled water flows from the high temperature to the low temperature, for example, the water temperature of the 1 pipe is high, the water temperature of the 2 pipes is low, when the water of the 1 pipe flows to the bottom of the 2 pipes, because the water temperature of the 2 pipes is low, the water with high water temperature and the water with low water temperature of the 2 pipes with low water generate convection, the water temperature of the 2 pipes with high water temperature rises, the reverse flash, the second stage is controlled by the third stage, the water level of the constant water level distilled water collector is determined by the height of an overflow port of the
Heat preservation of a flash evaporation system: in order to prevent heat dissipation, all devices which may dissipate heat, including the connecting pipes, are insulated.
In order to further improve the heat energy reutilization rate, the heat energy in the distilled water also needs to be recycled.
Exhaust of the flash system: because the flash tank, distilled water collector all need evacuation in advance or pour water and discharge vacuum, consequently when setting up the flash tank and setting up the distilled water collector, all will set up the exhaust hole on the device, flow flash surface flash tank generally need not take out low pressure in the work, but because there are various gases of trace in the raw materials aquatic, along with the continuous going on of flash distillation, the gas still needs evacuation once more or pour water and discharge vacuum after accumulating to a certain extent, and the exhaust hole position of setting will satisfy and can all exhaust the gas in the device after filling water with corresponding device.
Industrial applicability and best mode: the water purification device of the invention is not only suitable for large-scale, factory seawater desalination and polluted water purification, but also suitable for individual household domestic water and drinking water purification, therefore: 1. the production and popularization of the flow flash evaporation surface flash evaporation multistage flash evaporation technology and the popularization of the flow flash evaporation surface flash evaporation device have wide forward range; 2. the technology of the invention is utilized to carry out large-scale seawater desalination, and a large-scale seawater desalination plant is built, so that not only fresh water but also byproducts can be obtained; 3. building a canned purified water plant; 4. the method is applied to other equipment which must use high-quality fresh water or distilled water, such as ships, warships and other industrial machinery equipment and the medical field.