阅读说明：本技术 义齿 (False tooth ) 是由 M·盖尔 F·弗伦泽尔 T·巴斯克 R·弗莱 于 2019-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种义齿,所述义齿由单件或多件式的义齿坯件制成,所述义齿坯件由肉色材料(14)和牙色材料(12)构成,所述肉色材料和牙色材料特别是分别是基于塑料的。坯件(10)的牙色材料(14)具有大于5cm的直径或宽度,并且特别是具有直径/高度比大于2:1、优选大于3:1的基本上扁平圆柱形的形状。肉色和牙色材料(14,12)通过粘合、通过聚合和/或通过一体制造而相互连接。所述材料之间的界面(16)沿牙弓走势观察以彼此交替的槽部和肋部(22、24)波形地构成,并且在门齿弓的区域中,沿口腔-前庭方向观察,所述界面放射状地构成。在牙色和肉色材料(12,14)之间的所述界面(16)从远中向近中在牙弓的走势上观察以20°或更大的平均斜度朝肉色材料呈波状上倾。所述牙色材料(12)在臼齿区域(30)中具有比在门齿区域(32)中大的沿牙龈-咬合方向的高度。(The invention relates to a dental prosthesis, which is produced from a one-piece or multi-piece dental prosthesis blank, which is composed of a flesh-colored material (14) and a tooth-colored material (12), which are each based, in particular, on plastic. The tooth shade material (14) of the blank (10) has a diameter or width of greater than 5cm and in particular a substantially flat cylindrical shape with a diameter/height ratio of greater than 2:1, preferably greater than 3: 1. The flesh-colored and tooth-colored materials (14, 12) are connected to each other by bonding, by polymerization, and/or by integral manufacture. The interfaces (16) between the materials are formed in a wave-like manner with alternating groove and rib sections (22, 24) as seen in the dental arch trend, and are formed radially as seen in the oral-vestibular direction in the region of the incisor arch. The interface (16) between the tooth-colored and flesh-colored materials (12, 14) slopes up in a wave-like manner toward the flesh-colored material at an average slope of 20 DEG or more as viewed from the distal to the proximal direction over the course of the dental arch. The tooth color material (12) has a greater height in the gingival-occlusal direction in the molar region (30) than in the incisor region (32).)

1. A dental prosthesis made of a one-piece or multi-piece prosthesis blank made of a flesh-coloured material (14) and a tooth-coloured material (12), in particular each based on plastic, the occlusal plane extending on the side of the tooth-coloured material opposite the flesh-coloured material, which materials (12, 14) are connected to each other by adhesion, by polymerization, by injection moulding and/or by integral manufacture, wherein the interfaces (16) between the materials are formed in a wave-like manner with grooves and ribs (22, 24) alternating with each other, which grooves and ribs form valleys and peaks, viewed in the dental arch progression, and which interfaces are formed radially, viewed in the oral-vestibular direction, in the region of the incisor arch, characterized in that the interfaces (16) between the tooth-coloured and flesh-coloured materials (12, 14) are formed at an angle of 15 DEG or more, viewed from the far to the near in the progression of the dental arch, and are formed at an angle of 15 DEG or more, In particular, an average slope of 20 DEG to 25 DEG or more is inclined in a wave-like manner towards the occlusal plane, and the tooth color material (12) has a greater height in the gingival-occlusal direction in the molar region (30) than in the incisor region (32).

2. A dental prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that said peaks (24) form a ridge line (26) on the trend of the dental arch, said ridge line being inclined with respect to the occlusal plane and in particular with respect to the side of the blank (10) adjacent to the teeth.

3. A dental prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ridge of each peak (24), or at least a part of the ridges of the peaks (24), extends in particular in a declining angle, i.e. in the direction of the gingiva, in the direction of the vestibule and in the direction of the mouth, at an angle of between 10 ° and 40 °, preferably between 15 ° and 25 °, said ridge extending straight or curved or according to the Spee curve, all at least in a partial region of the length.

4. The dental prosthesis according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the width of the valleys (22) is adapted to the width of the teeth to be produced in each case, in particular the valley for the first molar tooth has the largest valley width.

5. A denture according to any preceding claim, wherein the peaks (24) and valleys (22) have the same shape or at least remain congruent over a shaped area (40) extending from the buccal cavity to the vestibule.

6. A denture according to any preceding claim, wherein a substantially horseshoe, semi-circular or U-shaped region (40) is provided on the interior of said blank (10), said shaped region having an undulating interface (16) between said tooth and flesh coloured materials.

7. A dental prosthesis according to claim 6, characterized in that said tooth-coloured material (12) extends from said interface (16) according to claim 6 towards the occlusal plane, said flesh-coloured material in particular extending towards the occlusal plane outside said shaped zone (40).

8. A dental prosthesis according to claim 6, characterized in that said tooth colouring material (12) extends from said interface (12) according to claim 6 towards or beyond the occlusal plane and also outside said shaped area (40).

9. A prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ribs (24) formed by the interface (16) and corresponding to the tooth gaps extend parallel to one another, viewed in the oral-vestibular direction, in the molar region (34) and optionally in the anterior molar region.

10. A prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in said front area (32), the ribs (24) formed by said interface (16) corresponding to the tooth space are divergent, viewed from the direction of the mouth and towards the vestibule, in order to create a radial trend.

11. A dental prosthesis according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank (10) is configured disc-shaped and/or has a clamping edge (50) which is inclined with respect to the disc axis, such inclined position increasing the inclination of the interface according to claim 1 and the inclination of the ridge line (26) according to claim 2.

12. A dental prosthesis according to claim 11, characterized in that the inclination angle is 1 ° to 10 °, in particular about 5 °.

13. A prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peak (24) extends obliquely downwards, i.e. closely to the occlusal plane (60), as seen in the direction of the vestibule as well as in the direction of the mouth, in particular at an angle of between 10 ° and 40 °, preferably between 15 ° and 25 °.

14. A dental prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional layer is provided between said tooth-coloured and flesh-coloured materials, the material constituting said layer having different refractive properties with respect to the flesh-coloured and tooth-coloured materials (14, 12), in particular due to the different refractive index of such materials.

15. A denture according to any preceding claim, wherein the blank has a radially outwardly projecting rib (50) centrally disposed with respect to the height of the blank (10).

16. The dental prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a clamping edge (50) with a clamping rib projecting radially outward is formed on the outer circumference of the blank (10), and a first positioning element, in particular a first anti-rotation structure, is formed on one side of the clamping rib, in particular with asymmetrically distributed anti-rotation grooves (52, 54), and a second positioning element, in particular a second anti-rotation structure (58, 60), is formed on the other side of the clamping rib, in particular with asymmetrically distributed anti-rotation surfaces.

17. A denture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tooth shade material (14) of the denture blank (10) has a diameter or width of more than 5cm, and in particular has a flat cylindrical shape with a diameter/height ratio of more than 2:1, preferably more than 3: 1.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a dental prosthesis according to the preamble of claim 1.

Background

It has long been known to manufacture dentures from dental and flesh color materials and mill dentures such that an arch is made from the dental color material and a denture base is made from the flesh color material.

Here, PMMA-based plastics are generally used for both materials. The two materials can be fixed to each other well, for example by adhesion or graft polymerization.

It is also possible to manufacture the tooth shade material in the form of a complete dental arch, i.e. so that the individual teeth are interconnected at least by narrow connecting pieces, whereby the dental arch is integral.

For the attachment of an arch to a denture base, it is known to provide a U-shaped channel into which the arch is cemented.

The channels must be placed at different locations depending on the desired arch size.

In order to be able to achieve an aesthetically pleasing result even with such a channel, the gum line is milled out as a catenary in a flesh-colored material. This is quite complicated because the wires must be matched to the dental arch to be manufactured separately.

Examples of this are the solutions known from WO 90/13268 a1 and WO 91/07141 a 1.

Based on these rather old solutions, multi-layered plastic elements have recently also been proposed with the aid of CAD/CAM technology, which are applied for the production of teeth and for the production of dentures providing teeth and denture bases to provide finished dentures. This proposal has not been realized, and has not been able to manufacture both teeth and denture bases from PMMA, due to the different requirements for the various materials, that is, the different requirements for the flesh-colored denture base material on the one hand and the tooth-colored dental material on the other, although otherwise already known.

In addition, rapid prototyping has recently been proposed with the objective of providing teeth and denture bases made of plastic materials, or other materials as necessary. However, to date, no substantial progress has been made in this development.

On the other hand, in view of the increasing life span of people and the increasing demand for complete or partial dentures, the term "denture" herein includes both complete dentures and partial dentures for the sake of simplicity. This ever increasing demand is accompanied by a likewise ever increasing cost pressure which is already brought about by the expected significantly increased demand.

It is known from EP 3064170 a1 to shape the interface between the materials into a radially extending wave shape. This waveform may also reflect the catenary of the gingival margin at this time.

The advantage of this form is that the gingival margin is always generated almost automatically, irrespective of the size of the dental arch required, so that possible errors are automatically avoided to a certain extent.

Due to cost pressures, it is often desirable to manufacture dentures using economically affordable milling machines. Even if the promotional repeat accuracy is 0.1mm, even 0.05mm, the repeat accuracy of such a milling machine is, for example, 0.5 mm. Furthermore, such milling machines are usually only four-axis machines, so that the production of undercuts in particular is problematic.

On the other hand, in the front region without teeth, i.e., in the incisor region, a deeper undercut is required due to tooth loss.

Furthermore, in the known solution a rather long milling cutter has to be used. For longer milling cutters, a lower accuracy is inevitably produced, on the one hand due to the flexibility of the thin and slim milling tool, in particular at different advancing speeds, and on the other hand possibly due to vibrations generated during the milling process.

Disclosure of Invention

In contrast, the object of the invention is to provide a dental prosthesis according to the preamble of claim 1, which enables a dental prosthesis which is precisely manufactured and is aesthetically advantageous to be realized even when using a less expensive milling machine.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by claim 1. Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the blank is formed from a flesh-colored material and a tooth-colored material, which have an interface arranged in a wavy line. The wavy line may constitute the gingival margin like a catenary and be realized over the entire dental arch.

At least in the region of the incisors, the wavy lines are radial, i.e. form, starting from the radial center, troughs and crests, i.e. grooves and ribs, respectively, extending in the radial direction.

According to the invention, the interface is formed in a special manner. The interface slopes at an average slope of 15 ° or more in a wave corresponding to the wave line, and is such that the tooth color material is present at a greater height in the distal than in the proximal.

That is, the interface slopes in a wave-like manner and also slopes relative to the subsequent bite plane. Furthermore, the rear part is provided with a greater height than the front part. This is reflected in the corresponding height of the tooth shade material.

Thus, the tooth shade material is present at a greater height in the distal middle than in the proximal middle.

The height here refers to the height present in the blank. The blank may be a flat disc having a substantially circular cross-section. The outer surface, i.e. the circumferential surface of the blank, may differ significantly from the cylindrical shape, as will be explained in more detail below.

According to the invention, the front portion is configured with its interface closer to the adjacent upper side of the blank. This allows a shorter milling cutter to be used in the region of the front teeth. This makes it possible to achieve precision manufacturing with low vibration and regardless of the propulsion speed.

Furthermore, due to the proximity of the upper side of the blank, undercuts and undercuts can also be milled out, as is often required when the patient is edentulous, i.e. when producing a complete denture.

According to the invention, it is advantageous, inter alia, to produce relatively flat dentures with a correspondingly low material consumption. The dentures achievable with the solution of the invention typically have a greater tooth height in the molar region than is conventional. This is mechanically advantageous on the one hand, since large chewing forces can be better distributed into the denture by means of larger and powerful molar teeth. On the other hand, even with open mouth, the height of the molar teeth is usually not very noticeable or only slightly so that this is not aesthetically critical, particularly in the upper jaw, although the human dental arch usually does not have such a shaping.

According to the invention, the tooth color material is greater in the molar region in the gingival-occlusal direction than in the incisor region. More precisely, the incisor height is selected to be marginless, but still selected such that even the largest incisor required fits exactly into the tooth shade material.

The height of the dental material becomes greater toward and across the canine teeth. This also allows for skillful consideration of the fact that human canine teeth usually have the greatest exposed length; according to the invention, the region of the canine teeth is already higher than the region of the incisors due to the upwardly inclined ridge line.

According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the inclination of the interface is large, so that a significantly higher proportion of patients can be used. At a pitch of 20% to 25%, the (applicable) proportion is at least 80%, and no longer 60% as is usual before.

Another advantage is that the blank has a smaller height than heretofore. The height may be, for example, between 34mm and 40 mm.

Dental quality PMMA material is rather expensive, and according to the present invention the amount of PMMA material required can be significantly reduced, and due to the lower disc height, the milling time until the finished denture is made is also reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the implementation of complete dentures. Rather, partial dentures are also encompassed by the term "denture" and partial dental arches are also encompassed by the term "dental arch".

As long as the dental arch is referred to as U-shaped, the expression correspondingly also encompasses partial U-shapes.

The invention is also not limited to the upper or lower jaw, rather, the idea according to the invention can be implemented both in a maxilla denture and in a mandible denture.

The tooth color material can be embodied in the blank in the form of a tooth arch, in the form of a wide-sided U, or in the form of a disk. In the first case, the width of the U-shape covers the area where the teeth can be manufactured according to the desired arch size, this area being referred to herein as the shaped area.

The flesh-colored material extends to the underside of the blank so that the disc shape of the blank is filled.

The disc shape of the blank may also be realized as inclined. In this case, the milled blank can be produced more flat, and by means of this inclined position the height of the tooth color material in the region of the molar teeth can be further reduced.

In this embodiment, the clamping edge of the blank extends obliquely with respect to the upper side and the lower side of the blank. The slope of the interface, as set according to the invention, is in this case based on the plane defined by the clamping edge grip.

In this embodiment, the inclination of the upper and lower sides of the blank relative to the clamping edge is always smaller than the inclination of the interface relative to the clamping edge. This inclination (upper and lower) may be, for example, 8 ° or 10 °.

In this embodiment, the accessibility of the undercuts and undercuts (Unterschnitt) is further improved, so that it can be used for up to 90% of patients.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the anti-rotation structure is implemented both above and below the clamping edge.

In particular, it is provided that a classical rotation prevention structure with asymmetrically distributed groove sections is realized on one side of the blank, for example on the white side or the upper side, and that a rotation prevention structure with asymmetrically distributed flattened sections is realized on the opposite side, i.e. below the clamping edge, for further workpiece receptacles of the new milling machine.

In an advantageous embodiment, an additional layer is provided between the tooth-colored and flesh-colored material, the material forming the layer having different refractive properties in relation to the flesh-colored and tooth-colored material, in particular due to the different refractive index of this material.

This is facilitated by the inclusion of organic and/or inorganic components that cause a change in the transparency or opacity of the layer. The components are preferably free-radically polymerizable, in particular thermally or photoinduceable, and are thermoplastically processed together with the materials and introduced between these materials.

An opaque layer, in particular an opaque layer made of an organic opaque substance, preferably a light-cured opaque substance, is thereby formed at the interface between the materials. This layer prevents the flesh color of the base material from appearing in the lighter tooth material, thereby mimicking a natural look and feel. The potential for gingival margin graying is avoided and the shade of the gingival or tooth color material is not adversely affected.

Drawings

Further advantages, details and features are given in the following description of embodiments of the invention with the aid of the drawings.

Wherein:

fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a blank for a dental prosthesis according to the invention;

fig. 2 shows a corresponding sectional view of a further embodiment;

fig. 3 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a blank for producing a dental prosthesis according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a denture blank according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a denture blank according to the present invention; and is

Fig. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a denture blank according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

A blank 10 is shown that is comprised of a dental material 12 and a flesh material 14. The blank is intended for use in the manufacture of a mandibular denture.

The blank 10 is substantially disc-shaped. The interface 16 between the tooth color material 12 and the flesh color material 14 can be seen in fig. 1. The blank has a specially shaped recess 18 in the flesh material 14. The material 12 extends from the upper side 20 of the blank 10 into the recess 18.

The dental material 14 of the blank 10 has a diameter or width greater than 5cm and, in particular, has a substantially flat cylindrical shape with a diameter/height ratio greater than 2:1, preferably greater than 3: 1.

The flesh and tooth coloring materials 14 and 12 are attached to each other, such as by bonding, by polymerization, and/or by integral manufacture.

The recess has a substantially U-shaped form with rather wide sides, i.e. has the shape of a dental arch. The interface 16 is here constructed in a special way. The interface has a wave form over the course of the U-shape and is a wave form corresponding to the gingival margin, i.e. substantially corresponding to the catenary.

The waveform has alternately valleys 22 and peaks 24. The valleys are also troughs and the crests are also ribs.

The tips of the peaks 24 and the downwardly directed tips of the valleys 22 each form a ridge line, the lower ridge line 26 being visible in fig. 2.

The ridge extends ascendingly from the distal media 30 to the proximal media 32. That is, the interface 16 is oblique in the blank 10 and generally higher in the front, i.e., in the region of the front, than in the rear.

This refers to the average trend of the interface 16, which is wavy in nature as described.

Here, the inclination angle or slope of the interface 16 is 16 ° on average.

In the region of the front or anterior incisors, the peaks and valleys 24 and 22 are radial when viewed from the mouth toward the atrium. The peaks and troughs extend radially outward from the radial center 36.

In contrast, the peaks and troughs extend parallel to one another in the region of the molars and premolars. The width of the sides of the U-shape and thus the width of the recess 18 is significantly greater than the width required for the formation of the tooth. The blank 10 is intended to enable both larger and smaller dental arches by milling the teeth radially inward, radially intermediate, or radially outward about the center 36.

In this regard, reference is made to the above-mentioned european patent application in its entirety.

In this regard, the entire width of the U-shape is used as a forming area 40 for forming.

As can be seen from fig. 1, the recess 18 is significantly deeper in the distal region 30 than in the mesial region 32. Thus, the height of the tooth shade material 12 is significantly greater in the distal middle than in the proximal middle. By this measure, the front tooth region 32 is approached to the upper side 20 of the blank 10, and the desired side recess can be milled quickly and accurately here with a short milling cutter.

As can also be seen in fig. 1, the blank 10 has a circumferential gripping edge 50. The clamping edge 50 has a shape conventional for dental disc-shaped blanks, and the disc-shaped blank 10 has a diameter of between 95 and 100 mm.

The tooth shade material 12 extends retractably over the gripping edge 50. Here, groove sections 52 and 54 are provided, which are arranged asymmetrically to one another, that is to say not diametrically opposite one another, and serve as anti-rotation structures.

Flattened portions 58 and 60 are additionally formed on the underside 56 of the blank 10. These flattened portions are arranged in the region of the material 14 and are likewise asymmetrical to one another. The flat-off portion serves to achieve clamping in a rotationally fixed manner in the novel milling machine in an alternative manner.

According to fig. 2, the interface 16 extends obliquely upward from the distal center 30 to the proximal center 32 and, in this embodiment, at an angle of 22 °.

The plane of occlusion is provided slightly below the upper side 20, for example 1mm below it.

Here, i.e. according to fig. 2, the interface 16 extends straight or with a constant slope. Alternatively, the interface may have a curved or, for example, S-shaped profile.

In the embodiment according to fig. 2 and 3, only the region of the recess 18, i.e. the molding region 40, is filled with white material, i.e. the tooth color material 12. The remainder of the blank 10 is composed of flesh-colored material 14.

Here, the interface 16 and the ridgeline 26 extend at an angle of 15 ° relative to the plane defined by the clamping edge 50.

Thus, the portion of the blank occupied by the materials 12 and 14 to be milled away is significantly less. This is indicated by triangles 72 and 74. The blank disk 10 can be designed to be flatter, i.e., to be of smaller height, than in the embodiment according to fig. 2.

Here, the blank 10 may also be configured to be disc-shaped. The blank has a disc axis 70 and a clamping edge 50 that is inclined relative to the disc axis 70, in which case this inclined position increases the inclination of the interface 16 and the inclination of the ridge line 26.

Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the blank 10. In the blank, only the tooth shade material 12 is shown, with the remainder extended and configured, for example, in the manner of FIG. 3.

The occlusion plane 60 extends on the side shown below in fig. 3. Accordingly, in fig. 4, a tooth 41 is drawn into the material 12 such that its occlusal side faces the occlusal plane 60.

In contrast to the embodiment according to fig. 1 to 3, in fig. 4 the peak, i.e. the rib 24, is inclined in the vestibulo-oral direction, whereas, for example according to fig. 3, the peak extends flat, i.e. parallel to the occlusal plane.

The rib 24 is closer to the occlusal surface on the buccal side than on the vestibular side.

The angle between the bite plane 60 and the rib 24 can be adapted to the requirements in a wide range. For example, the angle may be 10 ° to about 20 °, but may be outside of this range.

The angle may also be different for each tooth or tooth space.

The peaks 24 correspond to the teeth spaces, while the valleys 22 correspond to the teeth.

The slope shown in fig. 4 relates not only to the peaks 24 but also to the valleys 22.

It has been found that with such an arrangement of the inclination position, particularly when the difference between the dental arches is large, a better fitting adjustment can be achieved.

An exemplary angle of inclination of the peaks 24 can be seen in fig. 5 for the lower jaw and fig. 6 for the upper jaw. The angles of inclination given here are relative to the normal of the blank configured as a disc.

Relative to the occlusion plane 60, the angle is between 10 ° and 19 ° for the lower jaw according to fig. 5 and between 15 ° and 23 ° for the upper jaw.

It will be appreciated that the angle and the ridge line trend can be adapted to a wide range of requirements, as viewed on the dental arch.