阅读说明：本技术 义齿 (False tooth ) 是由 M·盖尔 F·弗伦泽尔 T·巴斯克 R·弗莱 于 2019-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种义齿,所述义齿由单件或多件式的义齿坯件(10)制成,所述义齿坯件由肉色材料(14)和牙色材料(12)构成,这些材料(12、14)通过粘合、通过聚合、通过注塑和/或通过一体制造而相互连接。所述材料之间的界面(16)沿牙弓走势观察以彼此交替的槽部(22)和肋部(24)波形地构成,而在要建立的门齿(33)的区域中,沿口腔-前庭方向观察,所述界面放射状地构成。至少在臼齿(26)的区域中,也沿口腔-前庭方向观察,所述界面(16)具有彼此平行的槽部(22)和肋部(24),所述槽部和肋部构成波形的谷部和峰部,或者所述界面具有这样的槽部(22)和肋部(24),所述槽部和肋部偏离平行最多10°、特别是最多5°地延伸。(The invention relates to a dental prosthesis, which is produced from a one-piece or multi-piece dental prosthesis blank (10) consisting of a flesh-colored material (14) and a tooth-colored material (12), said materials (12, 14) being connected to one another by gluing, by polymerization, by injection molding and/or by integral production. The interfaces (16) between the materials are formed in a wave-like manner, as viewed along the dental arch, with alternating grooves (22) and ribs (24), while in the region of the incisors (33) to be built, as viewed in the oral-vestibular direction, the interfaces are formed radially. At least in the region of the molar teeth (26), also viewed in the oro-vestibular direction, the interface (16) has groove sections (22) and rib sections (24) which are parallel to one another and which form wave-shaped troughs and crests, or the interface has groove sections (22) and rib sections (24) which extend away from being parallel by at most 10 °, in particular by at most 5 °.)

1. A dental prosthesis made of a one-piece or multi-piece prosthesis blank (10) consisting of a flesh-colored material (14) and a tooth-colored material (12), in particular respectively based on plastic, which materials (12, 14) are connected to one another by adhesion, by polymerization, by injection molding and/or by integral production, wherein the interfaces (16) between the materials, viewed along the arch trend, are formed in a wave-like manner with grooves (22) and ribs (24) alternating with one another, and in the region of an incisor (33) to be created, viewed along the oral-vestibular direction, are formed radially, characterized in that the interfaces (16) have grooves (22) and ribs (24) parallel to one another, at least in the region of a molar tooth (26) and, if appropriate, also in the region of an anterior molar tooth (28), also viewed along the oral-vestibular direction, the groove and the rib form wave-shaped troughs and crests, or the interface has groove (22) and rib (24) which run at most 25 °, in particular at most 10 °, particularly preferably 5 ° to 10 °, from the parallelism.

2. A dental prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (22) and the rib (24) are provided parallel to each other in the region of the molar teeth (26) and in the region of the premolar teeth (28).

3. The dental prosthesis according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mutually parallel groove (22) and rib (24) provided in the region of the molars (26) and in the region of the premolars (28) each extend from the oral cavity to the anterior antrum over a length of at least 2 cm.

4. The dental prosthesis according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the width of the valleys (22) is adapted to the width of the teeth to be produced in each case, in particular the valley (22) for the first molar tooth (26) has the largest valley width.

5. A denture according to any preceding claim, wherein the peaks (24) and valleys (22) have the same shape or at least remain congruent over a shaped area (40) extending from the buccal cavity to the vestibule.

6. The dental prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peaks (24) form a ridge line on the trend of the dental arch (11), said ridge line being inclined towards the occlusal plane and in particular towards the side of the blank (10) adjacent to the teeth.

7. A dental prosthesis according to claim 6, characterized in that the ridge line extends straight, curved, S-shaped or according to a Spee curve, viewed in the vestibular direction, such extension being at least partial, but in particular complete.

8. A prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peak (24) extends obliquely downwards, i.e. closely to the occlusal plane (60), as seen in the vestibular direction as well as in the oral direction, in particular at an angle of between 10 ° and 40 °, preferably between 15 ° and 25 °.

9. A denture according to claim 6, wherein the denture blank (10) has an interface (16) which is inclined relative to the occlusal plane and the denture blank has a greater height of material corresponding to the teeth in the distal than in the proximal direction.

10. A prosthesis according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a transition region is provided between the region of the molars (26) and the region of the incisors (33), in which transition region the shape of the peaks (24) and valleys (22) transitions from parallel to radial.

11. A denture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tooth shade material (12) of the denture blank (10) has a diameter or width in the blank state of more than 5cm, and in particular has a flat cylindrical shape with a diameter/height ratio of more than 2:1, preferably more than 3: 1.

12. A dental prosthesis according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional layer is provided between said tooth-coloured and flesh-coloured materials, the material constituting said layer having different refractive properties with respect to the flesh-coloured and tooth-coloured materials (14, 12), in particular due to the different refractive index of such materials.

13. A dental prosthesis according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ribs (24) defining each premolar (28) or at least the second premolar are configured to be sharper than the ribs (24) defining each molar or at least the second molar.

14. System for manufacturing a denture according to one of the preceding claims based on a denture blank, characterized in that the blank manufacturing apparatus of the denture blank sets at least one reference mark, either actually or virtually, on or with reference to the interface, i.e. marks the interface or marks the interface in CAM/CAD data, and a material-removing machining apparatus, in particular a milling machine, detects the reference mark and machines it at least partially on the basis of the reference mark.

15. System for manufacturing a denture according to one of the preceding claims, based on a denture blank, characterized in that a storage device is provided in or accessed by the CAD/CAM device, in which the geometry of the blank, in particular the extension of the interface in space, is stored, i.e. in which a tooth library is stored, and which proposes a proposal for arranging the teeth on a flesh-colored material, i.e. on a subsequent denture base, which proposal can be changed, in particular, by user intervention.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the CAD/CAM device detects changes made by the user and takes the changes into account when making new layout suggestions (deep learning).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a dental prosthesis according to the preamble of claim 1.

Background

Dentures consisting of a plurality of layers, but also teeth, have been known for a long time.

Examples of this are the solutions known from WO 90/13268 a1 and WO 91/07141 a 1.

Based on these rather old solutions, multi-layered plastic elements have recently also been proposed with the aid of CAD/CAM technology, which are applied for the production of teeth and for the production of dentures providing teeth and denture bases to provide finished dentures. This proposal has not been realized, and has not been able to manufacture both teeth and denture bases from PMMA, due to the different requirements for the various materials, that is, the different requirements for the flesh-colored denture base material on the one hand and the tooth-colored dental material on the other, although otherwise already known.

In addition, rapid prototyping has recently been proposed with the objective of providing teeth and denture bases made of plastic materials, or other materials as necessary. However, to date, no substantial progress has been made in this development.

On the other hand, in view of the increasing life span of people and the increasing demand for complete or partial dentures, the term "denture" herein includes both complete dentures and partial dentures for the sake of simplicity. This ever increasing demand is accompanied by a likewise ever increasing cost pressure which is already brought about by the expected significantly increased demand.

It is known from EP 3064170 a1 to shape the interface between the materials into a radially extending wave shape. This waveform may also reflect the catenary of the gingival margin at this time.

The advantage of this form is that the gingival margin is always generated almost automatically, irrespective of the size of the dental arch required, so that possible errors are automatically avoided to a certain extent.

Experiments have shown that, precisely for small dentures manufactured according to this solution, the chewing performance is considered unsatisfactory by the patient.

Patients with a relatively large dental arch may sometimes feel their incisors somewhat misshaped in this solution.

Disclosure of Invention

In contrast, the object of the present invention is to provide a dental prosthesis according to the preamble of claim 1, which improves the known solutions both aesthetically and functionally without the economic disadvantages.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by claim 1. Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a two-color blank is first provided in the denture. The area where the arch is later formed is tooth colored, while the area where the denture base is later formed is flesh colored.

Such shaping may be achieved in any suitable manner, such as by milling or other material removal methods.

There is an interface between the materials, which extends wavelike, viewed on the trend of the arch, i.e. on the area where the arch is later formed.

The waveform is adapted such that it closely resembles the gingival margin. Thus, the waveform has substantially the shape of a catenary.

Reference may be made to EP 3064170 a1 in its entirety. This patent application by the applicant shows the above-mentioned wavy trend between flesh-coloured and tooth-coloured materials.

According to the invention, the undulating troughs and peaks run radially in the region of the incisors, i.e. at the same height from the radial center.

According to the invention, the course of the interface in the region of the front teeth is correspondingly identical to that of the above-mentioned prior application.

In contrast, according to the present invention, at least in the region of the molar teeth, it can also be considered to some extent that the crests and troughs of the rib and trough portions extend parallel to each other.

This simple measure, according to the invention, surprisingly enables both an improvement in the function and also an improvement in the aesthetics of the dental prosthesis according to the invention.

The dental prosthesis according to the invention makes it possible to provide a suitable set of teeth for both small and large dental arches. When the arch is large, the arch is milled radially outward, i.e. slightly offset in the anteroposterior direction, whereas when the arch is small, the arch is milled inward, i.e. offset farther towards the mouth.

By paralleling the peaks and valleys used at the interface with the molar region in accordance with the invention, a relatively large chewing surface can be provided in accordance with the invention even when the dental arch is small.

It has been demonstrated that it is the mashing of the cusps of the mouth that is important for the efficiency of chewing, and in particular that the mashing cusps are clearly distinct

The shaping of (a) makes it possible to achieve an interface according to the invention. Each tooth is provided with the same width in the mesial-distal direction on the buccal side as compared to the vestibular side, so that a large bruised cusp can be provided here.

In addition, from an aesthetic point of view, the incisors have a major influence. For narrow faces and narrow mouths, when the dental arch is small, it is also possible according to the invention to easily mill out a dental arch which is offset radially inwards, i.e. towards the mouth, which accordingly results in narrower incisors.

As previously described, however, sufficient chewing function still exists in the molar region.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the parallel arrangement of the groove and rib in the region of the premolars and/or canines transitions radially.

For example, the radial first and second groove portions and the rib portions may have a true radial center. But the third rib no longer passes exactly through the radial center. This associated rib is less radial and more parallel to the adjacent second rib.

This also applies to the fourth rib, whose trend is also closer to parallel.

The latter ribs, i.e. the fifth, sixth and seventh ribs, are perfectly parallel to each other.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that this partially radial, partially parallel course of the troughs and ribs, i.e. valleys and peaks, does not extend from the center of the mouth up to the outer edge of the vestibule, but only in the region of the tooth shaping, which has a mouth-vestibular extension of, for example, 2 cm.

In this region, it is provided that the dental arch is milled.

In this embodiment, it is also sufficient to provide the tooth color material only in the region. At this point, the flesh-colored material is disposed in all of the remaining portions of the blank.

The forming zone is at least substantially U-shaped, i.e. extends with wide sides like a U.

The blank according to the invention may be disc-shaped, for example flat cylindrical with a protruding gripping edge and a diameter between 95 and 100 mm.

But any other shape may be used, for example, the blank may be dental arch or triangular.

The valleys of the interface are preferably adapted to the width of the tooth to be manufactured. In particular, the valleys for the first molar teeth may have the largest valley width.

In the remaining tooth regions as well as in the incisor regions, the respective crests and troughs have congruent shapes within the shaping region.

The peaks and/or valleys can be connected at their tips to a ridge line, which can run straight or curved, for example also S-curved.

According to the invention, it is provided that the appropriate arch size can be determined by scanning the patient's mouth or, if desired, also by producing a model, and on the basis of this the target size of the arch can be determined by determining the shaping line in the shaping region. The shaping line extends closer to the mouth in the case of smaller target sizes and extends closer to the vestibule in the case of larger target sizes.

In this respect, in the system according to the invention, the position at which the dental arch should be milled is selected and determined in two horizontal directions.

In an advantageous embodiment, a system for producing a dental prosthesis on the basis of a dental prosthesis blank is provided. In a device suitable for producing blanks, the blank production is carried out, for example, by injection molding. In this embodiment, the blank has at least one reference mark on the interface or with reference to the interface, real or virtual.

That is, the interface is marked directly or at least in the CAM/CAD data. The milling machine reads the reference mark and obtains the boundary from the reference mark, and the milling of the tooth color and flesh color materials is carried out until the boundary is obtained.

In another advantageous system for producing a dental prosthesis, a storage device is provided. The storage device is provided in or accessed by the CAD/CAM device.

The geometry of each blank, in particular the extension of the interface in space, is stored in the storage means. In addition, a tooth library is also stored in the storage device. A CAD/CAM device or other computer suggests the arrangement of the teeth on the flesh tone material, i.e., on the denture base at a later time.

But the advice may also be changed by user intervention. Here, the CAD/CAM device may also detect changes made by the user and take the changes into account when making new placement suggestions. This is called deep learning.

In an advantageous embodiment, an additional layer is provided between the tooth-colored and flesh-colored material, the material forming the layer having different refractive properties in relation to the flesh-colored and tooth-colored material, in particular due to the different refractive index of this material.

This is facilitated by the inclusion of organic and/or inorganic components that cause a change in the transparency or opacity of the layer. The components are preferably free-radically polymerizable, in particular thermally or photoinduceable, and are thermoplastically processed together with the materials and introduced between these materials.

An opaque layer, in particular an opaque layer made of an organic opaque substance, preferably a light-cured opaque substance, is thereby formed at the interface between the materials. This prevents the flesh color of the base material from appearing in the lighter tooth material, thereby mimicking a natural look and feel. The potential for gingival margin graying is avoided and the shade of the gingival or tooth color material is not adversely affected.

Drawings

Further advantages, details and features are given in the following description of embodiments of the invention with the aid of the drawings.

Wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a bottom view of a dental arch to be made in a tray of blanks according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a top view of the dental arch according to FIG. 1, further showing a denture blank;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a denture blank according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a denture blank according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a denture blank according to the present invention; and

fig. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a denture blank according to the invention.

Detailed Description

The blank 10 shown in fig. 1 is configured to be substantially disc-shaped. The upper area in fig. 1 is intended for realizing an arch 11, and the underside of the arch is visible in fig. 1. The basal surfaces 13 of the individual teeth of the arch 11 can be seen.

The blank 10 consists of a disc of dental material and a disc of flesh-coloured material which are attached to each other by gluing or in any suitable manner. In this regard, the arrangement of these materials can be better seen in FIG. 3.

An interface 16 with a wavy trend extends between these materials. The trend mimics the human gingival margin.

Thus, as schematically shown in fig. 1, the valleys 22 and peaks 24 alternate with each other.

The valleys 22 corresponding to the troughs are determined to receive teeth, while the peaks 24 corresponding to the ribs later form tooth spaces.

The interface 16 extends in a wave-like manner over the course of the dental arch 11. The interface has a particular tendency to look in the oro-vestibular direction.

In the region of the incisors 33, the trend is radial from the radial center 36.

In contrast, the wave crests and wave troughs are nonradiative in the remaining regions, viewed in the oro-vestibular direction. In the case of molars 26, the peaks 24 and valleys 22 of teeth adjacent to each other extend parallel to each other. However, the groove 22 and the rib 24 can also extend at most 10 °, in particular at most 5 °, from parallel.

This also applies to the peaks and valleys of the premolars 28.

The ribs 29 in the tooth spaces between the canine teeth 31 and the first premolar teeth 28 are parallel to the next rib in the distal direction. However, the rib almost passes through the radiation center 36 on its extension line. The valleys 22 that receive the canine teeth 31 expand radially outward, as do the valleys of the incisors 33.

Defining in the oro-vestibular direction the area in which the dental arch 11 can be built. This region is referred to as the forming region 40.

An outwardly projecting gripping edge 50 is formed on the outer periphery of the blank 10. The clamping edge serves for receiving a disk-shaped blank into a workpiece receiver of a dental milling machine in a manner known per se.

Thus, the tray formed from blank 10 is substantially right circular. But the disc has slots 52 and 54 in a plane below the clamping edge 50. The groove portions 52 and 54 are not diametrically opposed to each other, thereby ensuring that torsion prevention is achieved.

The blank tray according to fig. 1 can be seen in a top view of the dental arch 11 from fig. 2. Like reference numerals also refer to like parts in the other figures.

The teeth 26, 28 and 31 are seen together with the occlusal surface 41 and it can be seen that even with the arch 11 kept small, i.e. offset towards the mouth, considerable space is provided for the mashing cusp 43 of the first molar 26, for example.

Above the clamping edge 50, i.e. on the tooth side of the dental prosthesis, another anti-twist structure than that shown in fig. 1 can be seen. It has flattened portions 58 and 60 which are asymmetrically distributed like the groove portions 52 and 54.

In fig. 3, a blank 10 is shown, which consists of a dental material 12 and a flesh material 14. This blank is intended for use in the manufacture of a mandibular denture.

The blank 10 is substantially disc-shaped. The interface 16 between the tooth color material 12 and the flesh color material 14 can be seen in fig. 3. The blank has a specially shaped recess 18 in the flesh material 14. The material 12 extends from the upper side 20 of the blank 10 into the recess 18.

The dental material 14 of the blank 10 has a diameter or width greater than 5cm and, in particular, has a substantially flat cylindrical shape with a diameter/height ratio greater than 2:1, preferably greater than 3: 1.

The flesh and tooth coloring materials 14 and 12 are attached to each other, such as by bonding, by polymerization, and/or by integral manufacture.

The recess has a substantially U-shaped form with rather wide sides, i.e. has the shape of a dental arch. The interface 16 is here constructed in a special way. The interface has a wave form over the course of the U-shape and is a wave form corresponding to the gingival margin, i.e. substantially corresponding to the catenary.

The waveform has alternately valleys 22 and peaks 24. The valleys are also troughs and the crests are also ribs.

The peaks of the peaks 24 and the downwardly directed peaks of the valleys 22 each form a ridge line.

The ridge extends ascendingly from the distal media 30 to the proximal media 32. That is, the interface 16 is oblique in the blank 10 and generally higher in the front, i.e., in the region of the front, than in the rear.

This refers to the average trend of the interface 16, which is wavy in nature as described.

Here, the inclination angle or slope of the interface 16 is 16 ° on average.

In the region of the front or anterior incisors, the peaks and valleys 24 and 22 are radial when viewed from the mouth toward the atrium. The peaks and troughs extend radially outward from the radial center 36.

In contrast, the peaks and troughs extend parallel to one another in the region of the molars and premolars. The width of the sides of the U-shape and thus the width of the recess 18 is significantly greater than the width required for shaping of the tooth. The blank 10 is intended to enable both larger and smaller dental arches by milling the teeth radially inward, radially intermediate, or radially outward about the center 36.

In this regard, the entire width of the U-shape is used as a forming area 40 for forming.

As can be seen from fig. 3, the recess 18 is significantly deeper in the distal region 30 than in the mesial region 32. Thus, the height of the tooth shade material 12 is significantly greater in the distal middle than in the proximal middle. By this measure, the front tooth region 32 is approached to the upper side 20 of the blank 10, and the desired side recess can be milled quickly and accurately here with a short milling cutter.

As can also be seen in fig. 3, the blank 10 has a circumferential gripping edge 50. The clamping edge 50 has a shape conventional for dental disc-shaped blanks, and the disc-shaped blank 10 has a diameter of between 95 and 100 mm.

The tooth shade material 12 extends retractably over the gripping edge 50. Here, groove sections 52 and 54 are provided, which are arranged asymmetrically to one another, that is to say not diametrically opposite one another, and serve as anti-rotation structures.

Flattened portions 58 and 60 are additionally formed on the underside 56 of the blank 10. These flattened portions are arranged in the region of the material 14 and are likewise asymmetrical to one another. The flat-off portion serves to achieve clamping in a rotationally fixed manner in the novel milling machine in an alternative manner.

Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the blank 10. In the blank, only the tooth shade material 12 is shown, with the remainder extended and configured, for example, in the manner of FIG. 3.

The occlusion plane 60 extends on the side shown below in fig. 3. Accordingly, in fig. 4, a tooth 41 is drawn into the material 12 such that its occlusal side faces the occlusal plane 60.

In contrast to the embodiment according to fig. 1 to 3, in fig. 4 the peak, i.e. the rib 24, is inclined in the vestibulo-oral direction, whereas, for example according to fig. 3, the peak extends flat, i.e. parallel to the occlusal plane.

The rib 24 is closer to the occlusal surface on the buccal side than on the vestibular side.

The angle between the bite plane 60 and the rib 24 can be adapted to the requirements in a wide range. For example, the angle may be 10 ° to about 20 °, but may be outside of this range.

The angle may also be different for each tooth or along the tooth gap.

The peaks 24 correspond to the teeth spaces, while the valleys 22 correspond to the teeth.

The slope shown in fig. 4 relates not only to the peaks 24 but also to the valleys 22.

It has been found that with such an arrangement of the inclination position, particularly when the difference between the dental arches is large, a better fitting adjustment can be achieved.

An exemplary angle of inclination of the peaks 24 can be seen in fig. 5 for the lower jaw and fig. 6 for the upper jaw. The angles of inclination given here are relative to the normal of the blank configured as a disc.

Relative to the occlusion plane 60, the angle is between 10 ° and 19 ° for the lower jaw according to fig. 5 and between 15 ° and 23 ° for the upper jaw.

It will be appreciated that the angle and the ridge line trend can be adapted to a wide range of requirements, as viewed on the dental arch.