阅读说明：本技术 一种从锌废料中回收制备优质氧化锌的方法 (Method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste ) 是由 丁宝文 于 2019-11-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及新材料加工技术领域,公开了一种从锌废料中回收制备优质氧化锌的方法,通过对锌废料组分以及分离回收原理的研究,不仅从内部因素解决现有回收锌产品品质差,回收率低的问题,通过碱液对锌废料进行溶解,在溶解液中添加磁性吸附材料,最后过滤制备氧化锌,本发明能够显著提高回收氧化锌品质,降低能耗,节约成本,在再生氧化锌生产工艺中,1吨产量的能耗仅为原生锌制备能耗的14-15%,解决现有火法炼锌工艺复杂、能耗高,酸法炼锌中浸出率难以得到提高,大量的锌元素损失在浸取渣中,加重了废渣的处理难度,低产率、低品质的问题,经济效益和社会效益较显著提高。(The invention relates to the technical field of new material processing, and discloses a method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste, by researching the components of the zinc waste and the separation and recovery principle, the problems of poor quality and low recovery rate of the existing recovered zinc product are solved from internal factors, the zinc waste is dissolved by alkali liquor, the invention can obviously improve the quality of the recovered zinc oxide, reduce the energy consumption, save the cost, in the production process of the regenerated zinc oxide, the energy consumption of 1 ton of output is only 14-15% of that of the original zinc preparation, the problems that the existing pyrometallurgical zinc smelting process is complex and high in energy consumption, the leaching rate in acid process zinc smelting is difficult to improve, a large amount of zinc element is lost in leaching slag, the treatment difficulty of waste slag is increased, the yield is low, the quality is low are solved, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are remarkably improved.)

1. A method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) washing, dedusting and drying zinc waste, then crushing, sieving with a 3-5-mesh sieve to obtain zinc waste fine powder, adding the zinc waste fine powder into an EDTA-sodium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc waste fine powder to the mixed aqueous solution is 1:1.6-1.8, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, heating to 60-70 ℃, continuously stirring for 1-2 hours, adding a magnetic adsorption material, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 minutes, standing for 3-5 hours, and filtering;

(2) adding ethanol solution with the volume of 1.4-1.7 times of that of the filtrate, heating and refluxing, heating to 85-95 ℃, continuously stirring for 30-40 minutes, recovering the distillate, cooling the rest materials to 30-32 ℃, adding sodium acetate with the mass fraction accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the zinc waste fine powder and 0.8-0.9% of polyethylene glycol into the materials, quickly stirring for 15-20 minutes, uniformly mixing, transferring to a pressurized reaction kettle, heating to 160-165 ℃, reacting for 10-12 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, centrifugally washing the obtained product for 3-5 times by sequentially using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying in an oven at 70-80 ℃ for 8-10 hours.

2. The method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the magnetic adsorption material in the step (1) comprises the following steps: weighing 8.8-9.0 g of ferric chloride and 4.7-4.9 g of zeolite powder in turn, placing the materials into a beaker, adding 60-70 ml of hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 7.5-8.0 mol/L into the beaker, magnetically stirring the materials for 30-40 minutes at the temperature of 20-24 ℃, adding 1.2-1.4 ml of aqueous hydrogen peroxide and 0.4-0.5 g of potassium permanganate into the beaker, transferring the materials into a water bath, controlling the temperature between 45-55 ℃, stirring the materials for reaction for 35-40 minutes, then adding 40-50 ml of aqueous ammonia, uniformly stirring the materials, standing the materials for 2-3 hours for filtration to obtain a solid product, washing the solid product for 2-3 times by using deionized water, drying the solid product for 4-6 hours in a drying oven at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, then feeding the solid product into a muffle furnace for calcination for 3-4 hours, and the calcination temperature is 580-,600 ℃, cooling to normal temperature.

3. The method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed aqueous solution in the step (1) contains 33-35% by mass of sodium hydroxide and 0.04-0.05% by mass of EDTA.

4. The method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste according to claim 1, wherein the reaction pressure in the pressurized reaction kettle in the step (2) is 1.55 to 1.65 MPa.

5. The method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc scraps as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass concentration of the ammonia water solution is 60-64%.

6. The method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc scrap according to claim 2, wherein the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution has a mass concentration of 28 to 30%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of new material processing, and particularly relates to a method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste.

Background

Zinc is the fourth "common" metal, second only to iron, aluminum, and copper. But not the most abundant elements in the crust (first few names oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium). The appearance of the battery is silvery white, and the battery is in a position of being unmortal (the surface of the battery is a zinc sheet) in the modern industry, and is a metal with great importance. The density of the iron-based composite material is slightly less than that of iron, and the iron-based composite material is in a hexagonal crystal structure. With the widespread use of zinc, the worldwide market-wide consumption of zinc is growing, and the consumption of zinc metal and zinc oxide yields is growing very fast.

With the increase of market demand, zinc resources are increasingly in short supply, the recycling of secondary resources becomes the central importance of the current development, and the research of recycling treatment process components of the secondary resources is hot. The zinc oxide is recovered and prepared from the zinc-containing waste material, so that the utilization rate of the primary resource is greatly improved, the existing zinc ore resource can be utilized for a longer time, and the sustainable development of the resource is realized. The prior pyrometallurgical technology has complex process, large energy consumption, high cost and no direct proportion to the recovery rate, the leaching rate in acid zinc smelting is difficult to improve, a large amount of zinc element is lost in leaching slag, and the treatment difficulty of waste slag is increased. And the quality of the recovered zinc product is poor, and the sale grade is reduced. Therefore, the method for recycling and preparing the zinc oxide by seeking an economic means with high efficiency and low pollution has important significance for the research and development of a regenerative zinc process and environmental protection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the existing problems and provides a method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste, which can obviously improve the quality of recovered zinc oxide, reduce energy consumption and save cost.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste materials preferably comprises the following steps of firstly, preparing a magnetic adsorption material: weighing 8.8-9.0 g of ferric chloride and 4.7-4.9 g of zeolite powder in turn, placing the materials into a beaker, adding 60-70 ml of hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 7.5-8.0 mol/L into the beaker, magnetically stirring the materials for 30-40 minutes at the temperature of 20-24 ℃, adding 1.2-1.4 ml of aqueous hydrogen peroxide and 0.4-0.5 g of potassium permanganate into the beaker, transferring the materials into a water bath, controlling the temperature between 45-55 ℃, stirring the materials for reaction for 35-40 minutes, then adding 40-50 ml of aqueous ammonia, uniformly stirring the materials, standing the materials for 2-3 hours for filtration to obtain a solid product, washing the solid product for 2-3 times by using deionized water, drying the solid product for 4-6 hours in a drying oven at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, then feeding the solid product into a muffle furnace for calcination for 3-4 hours, and the calcination temperature is 580-,600 ℃, cooling to normal temperature; wherein the mass concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 28-30%, and the mass concentration of the aqueous ammonia solution is 60-64%. The magnetic adsorption material prepared by the invention has a porous adsorption structure, the particle size is 70-80 nanometers, the surface area is large and reaches 314-320 square meters per gram, the magnetic adsorption material not only can adsorb magnetic metal in a zinc-containing solution, but also can play a role in coprecipitation, and elements with activity lower than that of zinc are coprecipitated, so that the magnetic adsorption material has a very good purification effect.

The process for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste comprises the following steps:

and (3) treating and dissolving zinc waste: washing, dedusting and drying zinc waste, then crushing, sieving with a 3-5-mesh sieve to obtain zinc waste fine powder, adding the zinc waste fine powder into an EDTA-sodium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of sodium hydroxide in the mixed aqueous solution is 33-35%, the mass concentration of EDTA is 0.04-0.05%, the mass ratio of the zinc waste fine powder to the mixed aqueous solution is 1:1.6-1.8, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, heating to 60-70 ℃, continuously stirring for 1-2 hours, adding a magnetic adsorption material, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 minutes, standing for 3-5 hours, and filtering;

further removing impurities and preparing zinc oxide: adding 1.4-1.7 times volume of ethanol solution into the filtrate, heating and refluxing, heating to 85-95 deg.C, stirring for 30-40 min, recovering distillate, cooling the rest materials to 30-32 deg.C, adding sodium acetate 0.2-0.3 wt% of zinc waste fine powder and 0.8-0.9 wt% of polyethylene glycol into the materials, stirring rapidly for 15-20 min, mixing, transferring to a pressure reactor, the reaction pressure is 1.55-1.65MPa, the temperature is raised to 160-165 ℃, the reaction time is 10-12 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, centrifugally washing the obtained product for 3-5 times by sequentially using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the zinc oxide in an oven at 70-80 ℃ for 8-10 hours, wherein the purity of the prepared zinc oxide is over 96 percent, and the particle size is 1-50 microns.

In the invention, the zinc waste can be zinc ash, zinc dust, zinc-containing waste residue and the like.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: in order to solve the problems in the zinc waste recovery process, the invention provides a method for recovering and preparing high-quality zinc oxide from zinc waste, by researching the components of the zinc waste and the separation and recovery principle, the problems of poor quality and low recovery rate of the existing recovered zinc product are solved from internal factors, the zinc waste is dissolved by alkali liquor, adding a magnetic adsorption material into the dissolved solution, and finally filtering to prepare zinc oxide, wherein the prepared magnetic adsorption material has a porous adsorption structure, the particle size is 70-80 nanometers, the surface area is large and reaches 320 square meters per gram, the magnetic adsorption material not only can adsorb magnetic metal in a zinc-containing solution, but also can play a role in coprecipitation, and elements with activity lower than that of zinc are coprecipitated, so that the excellent purification effect is achieved, the recovery rate is improved by 20-25%, and the purity reaches the first-level standard; the invention can obviously improve the quality of the recovered zinc oxide, reduce energy consumption and save cost, in the production process of the regenerated zinc oxide, the energy consumption of 1 ton of output is only 14-15% of that of the original zinc preparation, solves the problems of complex process, high energy consumption, low yield and low quality of the existing pyrometallurgical zinc smelting process, and obviously improves economic benefit and social benefit. The invention effectively solves the problem that zinc waste is difficult to effectively recycle, has the characteristics of low cost, low energy consumption and high performance, greatly reduces the consumption of wet leaching corrosive liquid and the consumption of process water, basically has no waste gas and waste water in the production process, has stable process, high recovery rate and high product purity, is beneficial to the balanced improvement of the performance of each aspect of the recycled zinc oxide product, can realize the practical significance of improving the recycling efficiency of zinc resources and market competitiveness, has higher value for waste metal recycling research, obviously promotes the rapid development and the sustainable development of resources in the field of modernized recycled zinc recycling, and is a technical scheme which is extremely worthy of popularization and use.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used for limiting the technical solutions provided by the present invention.