Environment-friendly and energy-saving method for treating oily sewage of roll-on-roll-off ship
阅读说明：本技术 一种环保节能的滚装船油污水处理方法 (Environment-friendly and energy-saving method for treating oily sewage of roll-on-roll-off ship ) 是由 薛洲标 何俊 张奇英 卢斌 王刚锋 于 2019-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种环保节能的滚装船油污水处理方法,其特征在于它包括油渣舱、舱底水储存舱、舱底泵、舱底水蒸发柜、加热盘管及管系,舱底水储存舱通过舱底泵连接舱底水蒸发柜的输入端；舱底水蒸发柜内设置加热盘管,舱底水蒸发柜的输出端一方面通过管系伸出烟囱顶部排出水蒸气,另一方面连接油渣舱泄放油渣。本发明可以有效地减少船员清洗油水分离器的工作量,减少船东公司的成本,为船东公司的营运带来便利。(The invention discloses an environment-friendly and energy-saving method for treating oily sewage of a roll-on-roll-off ship, which is characterized by comprising an oil residue cabin, a bilge water storage cabin, a bilge pump, a bilge water evaporation cabinet, a heating coil and a pipe system, wherein the bilge water storage cabin is connected with the input end of the bilge water evaporation cabinet through the bilge pump; a heating coil is arranged in the bilge water evaporation cabinet, and the output end of the bilge water evaporation cabinet extends out of the top of the chimney through the coil to discharge water vapor on one hand and is connected with the oil residue cabin to discharge oil residue on the other hand. The invention can effectively reduce the workload of crew for cleaning the oil-water separator, reduce the cost of shipowner companies and bring convenience to the operation of shipowner companies.)
1. The environment-friendly and energy-saving method for treating the oily water of the roll-on-roll-off ship is characterized by comprising an oil residue cabin (1), a bilge water storage cabin (2), a bilge pump (3), a bilge water evaporation cabinet (4), a heating coil (6) and a pipe system, wherein the bilge water storage cabin (2) is connected with the input end of the bilge water evaporation cabinet (4) through the bilge pump (3); a heating coil (6) is arranged in the bilge water evaporation cabinet (4), the output end of the bilge water evaporation cabinet (4) extends out of the top of a chimney through a pipe system to discharge water vapor on one hand, and is connected with an oil residue cabin (1) to discharge oil residue on the other hand.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bilge water evaporation tank (4) is placed at the top of the bilge water storage tank (2) more than 30m above the bilge water storage tank and as close as possible to the top of the chimney for easy evacuation of the evaporated water vapour.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water vapour discharge pipe is arranged at the top of the bilge water evaporation tank (4) and the sludge discharge opening is arranged at the bottom of the bilge water evaporation tank (4).
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating coil (6) has a length of 20m and a pipe diameter DN 50.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fan (5), the fan (5) being arranged on the pipe system of the bilge water evaporating cabinet (4) extending out of the chimney.
6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the fan (5) is a high temperature resistant part.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the system is designed to meet the following requirements:
the pressure head pressure requirement of the ship bottom pump (3) is as follows: the pressure loss of the height difference between the bilge water evaporation cabinet (4) and the bilge pump (3) and the pressure loss of the pipeline;
the design requirement of the fan (5) is as follows: the high temperature of 100 ℃ is resisted;
the length and the pipe diameter of the heating coil (6) require that:
the pipe diameter of the heating coil (6) is set according to the specific requirement,
the calculation of the length of the heating coil (6) comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the required heat quantity Q:
Q＝Cm△t
in the formula, Q is the heat absorbed by water in the bilge water evaporation cabinet, C is the specific heat capacity of the water, △ t is the heating temperature difference, and m is the mass of the water;
s2, calculating the power P of the heating coil:
P＝Q/t
in the formula, P is the power of the heating coil, and t is the heating time;
s3, calculating the total area F of the outer surface of the heating coil:
F＝CP/eK△t1
in the formula, F is the total area of the outer surface of the heating coil, C is selected according to heat exchange amount and resistance in the coil, and is selected according to experience, e is a scaling influence coefficient, K is a heat transfer coefficient, and △ t1 is the temperature difference before and after steam heat exchange;
s4, calculating the length L of the heating coil as follows:
L＝F/S
in the formula, S is the area of the outer surface of the heating coil with the length of 1m, and can be calculated according to the pipe diameter of the heating coil.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the application field of ship systems, and particularly relates to a bilge water evaporation cabinet system.
Background
The equipment at the ship's machinery generates a certain amount of oily bilge water during the course of the voyage, and the tank capacity of the tank on the ship in which the bilge water is stored is limited, so that crew must clean the bilge water periodically. Conventional bilge water may be treated by either a beam or a shore.
Under the condition that the environmental protection requirement is more and more strict, the bilge water containing oil content in a machinery place is not allowed to be directly discharged to a board, the oil content is enabled to be lower than 15ppm (some countries require lower than 5ppm) through treatment equipment, and the bilge water treatment equipment matched with most ships at present is an oil-water separator. Although oil and water can be separated to oil water separator, if often use oil water separator, the crewman will regularly wash inside or change parts such as filter element of oil water separator, and the effect of oil water separator separation can be more and more poor after equipment is ageing moreover, the operation cost in this increase shipdong later stage that can be great. Meanwhile, the oil-water separator is a necessary inspection item for PSC (port country monitoring) inspection, and a lot of examples of vessels being detained due to the fact that crews do not frequently clean the inside of the oil-water separator, equipment aging and the like cause huge loss to shipowners.
After the bilge water discharging shore treatment ship is in shore, bilge water is discharged to the shore through the shore connection and transported to a special treatment water plant for treatment, and shipowner companies need to pay related labor cost and treatment cost, which is also not beneficial to the operation of the ship. Therefore, a novel bilge water treatment mode is necessary to replace the oil-water separator and the bank discharging treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem to be solved by the invention is to reduce the use of an oil-water separator, avoid the use of bilge water treated by bank discharge, reduce the operating cost of shipowner companies and the risk of ship detention, and simultaneously meet the environment-friendly requirements of MARPOL (international prevention of ship pollution convention) and various classification societies.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for treating bilge water by using excess steam quantity of an exhaust gas boiler, which is characterized by comprising an oil residue cabin, a bilge water storage cabin, a bilge pump, a bilge water evaporation cabinet, a heating coil and a pipe system, wherein the bilge water storage cabin is connected with the input end of the bilge water evaporation cabinet through the bilge pump; a heating coil is arranged in the bilge water evaporation cabinet, and the output end of the bilge water evaporation cabinet extends out of the top of the chimney through the coil to discharge water vapor on one hand and is connected with the oil residue cabin to discharge oil residue on the other hand.
Preferably, the bilge water evaporation cabinet is arranged at the top of the bilge water storage cabin and is higher than the bilge water storage cabin by more than 30 m.
Preferably, the steam discharge pipe is arranged at the top of the bilge water evaporation cabinet, and the oil residue discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the bilge water evaporation cabinet.
Preferably, the heating coil has a length of 20m and a diameter DN 50.
Preferably, the system also comprises a fan, and the fan is arranged above the bilge water evaporation cabinet.
Preferably, the fan is made of high-temperature resistant components such as a shell, a shaft seal and the like, and the fan is used for quickly discharging water vapor generated by the bilge water evaporation cabinet into the atmosphere.
Preferably, the design of the system needs to meet the following requirements:
the pressure requirement of the pressure head of the ship bottom pump is as follows: the pressure loss of the height difference between the bilge water evaporation cabinet and the ship bottom pump plus the pressure loss of the pipeline;
the design requirement of the fan is as follows: the high temperature of 100 ℃ is resisted;
the length and the pipe diameter of the heating coil require that:
the pipe diameter of the heating coil is set according to specific requirements, such as the ship owner requirement;
the length calculation of the heating coil comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the required heat quantity Q:
Q＝Cm△t
in the formula, Q is the heat absorbed by water in the bilge water evaporation cabinet, C is the specific heat capacity of the water, △ t is the heating temperature difference, and m is the mass of the water;
s2, calculating the power P of the heating coil:
P＝Q/t
in the formula, P is the power of the heating coil, and t is the heating time;
s3, calculating the total area F of the outer surface of the heating coil:
F＝CP/eK△t1
in the formula, F is the total area of the outer surface of the heating coil, C is selected according to heat exchange amount and resistance in the coil, and is selected according to experience, e is a scaling influence coefficient, K is a heat transfer coefficient, and △ t1 is the temperature difference before and after steam heat exchange;
s4, calculating the length L of the heating coil as follows:
L＝F/S
in the formula, S is the area of the outer surface of the heating coil with the length of 1m, and can be calculated according to the pipe diameter of the heating coil.
The invention has the advantages of
The invention can effectively reduce the workload of crew for cleaning the oil-water separator, reduce the cost of shipowner companies and bring convenience to the operation of shipowner companies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the bilge water evaporation tank system
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, without limiting the scope of the invention:
referring to fig. 1, the ro-ro ship bilge water evaporation tank system comprises an oil residue tank 1, a bilge water storage tank 2, a
The basic principle of the system is that bilge water in a bilge water storage tank 2 is added into a bilge water evaporation cabinet 4 by a
At present, the roll-on-roll-off ship is basically provided with double engines and exhaust gas boilers are arranged on exhaust pipes of each engine, the evaporation capacity of the two exhaust gas boilers is higher than the steam capacity required by a user, the steam used by the bilge water evaporation cabinet is redundant steam of other users on the ship, and under normal conditions, the oil-fired boilers cannot work when the evaporation cabinet is used, and the fuel on the ship cannot be consumed. Therefore, the bilge water evaporation cabinet can also achieve the effect of energy conservation.
Preferably, a bilge water evaporation tank 4 is provided at the top of the bilge water storage tank 2. The water vapor generated in the bilge water evaporation tank 4 is discharged to the atmosphere, and the discharge pipe of the bilge water evaporation tank is as short as possible.
The vapor discharge pipe is arranged at the top of the bilge water evaporation cabinet 4, and the oil residue discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the bilge water evaporation cabinet 4.
As a general design, the bilge water evaporation tank 4 has a design volume of about 2.5m3The
As a better design structure, the design of the system needs to meet the following requirements:
head pressure requirement of the bilge pump 3: the pressure loss of the height difference between the bilge water evaporation cabinet 4 and the
design requirements of the fan 5: the high temperature of 100 ℃ is resisted; the displacement of the fan is determined according to the volume and time of the bilge water evaporated by the crew each day.
The length and the pipe diameter of the
the pipe diameter of the
the calculation of the length of the
s1, calculating the required heat quantity Q:
Q＝Cm△t
in the formula, Q is the heat absorbed by water in the bilge water evaporation cabinet, C is the specific heat capacity of the water, △ t is the heating temperature difference, and m is the mass of the water;
s2, calculating the power P of the heating coil:
P＝Q/t
in the formula, P is the power of the heating coil, and t is the heating time;
s3, calculating the total area F of the outer surface of the heating coil:
F＝CP/eK△t1
in the formula, F is the total area of the outer surface of the heating coil, C is selected according to heat exchange amount and resistance in the coil, and is selected according to experience, e is a scaling influence coefficient, K is a heat transfer coefficient, and △ t1 is the temperature difference before and after steam heat exchange;
s4, calculating the length L of the heating coil as follows:
L＝F/S
in the formula, S is the area of the outer surface of the heating coil with the length of 1m, and can be calculated according to the pipe diameter of the heating coil.
The blower 5 is made of high temperature resistant parts, such as a shell, a shaft seal and the like. When the bilge water evaporation cabinet 4 evaporates bilge water, the fan 5 is started. The fan 5 has two functions: firstly, increase the flow of air in bilge water evaporation cabinet 4, the flow of air is also one of the methods that influence evaporation efficiency, and the more the air flows, the better evaporation efficiency. And secondly, the evaporated water vapor is quickly discharged to the atmosphere, so that the phenomenon that the water vapor is changed into condensed water to flow back due to low discharge speed is avoided. In order to keep the temperature of the water vapor in the exhaust pipe of the bilge water evaporation cabinet 4, a steam tracing pipe can be added on the inner surface and the outer surface of the exhaust pipe. Because medium temperature that circulates in fan 5 can be than higher, consequently each part of fan 5 will be high temperature resistant part, otherwise fan 5's part can often damage, can not reach energy-conserving effect.
Tests prove that the invention can evaporate bilge water generated under normal conditions at a machine, the oil-water separator basically does not need to operate automatically when the ship sails normally, but the oil-water separator needs to be repaired and maintained regularly according to the requirements of manufacturers, otherwise, equipment is damaged because of unscheduled maintenance and is unreliated.
The invention utilizes the evaporation capacity of the rich boiler to carry out planned heating on the bilge water, promotes the rapid evaporation of the water in the bilge water, effectively reduces the total amount of oily water in the oily water tank, and reduces the use and maintenance of an oil-water separator. The system has the following outstanding advantages:
environmental protection and energy saving
1. After the bilge water evaporation cabinet system is used, the running time of the oil-water separator can be effectively reduced, and water in the oily sewage on the ship is discharged into the atmosphere in a steam mode, so that the bilge water evaporation cabinet system is better for the environment.
2. The steam used by the bilge water evaporation cabinet is the steam of an onboard exhaust gas boiler when the ship normally sails, so that the onboard exhaust heat energy is fully utilized, the treatment efficiency of the oily water is improved, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
3. The bilge water evaporation cabinet can averagely reduce the service time of the oil-water separator and save the electric energy consumption of the ship.
Further reduction of equipment maintenance and operating costs
The filter type oil-water separator is frequently used, a filter element inside the filter type oil-water separator needs to be frequently cleaned, and otherwise, the separation effect of the oil-water separator is increasingly poor. The time for cleaning the filter element each time is 8 hours/2 people, and the cost for replacing the filter element is about 15000 yuan/year due to the frequent use of the filter element which needs to be replaced. After the bilge water evaporation cabinet is used, the use times of the oil-water separator can be greatly reduced, the cost of replacing the filter and the labor cost of cleaning the filter by crew can be greatly reduced, and therefore the operating cost of shipdong companies is reduced.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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