阅读说明：本技术 一种纤维状光热转换材料的制备方法 (Preparation method of fibrous photothermal conversion material ) 是由 杨皓程 李伟华 陈宏磊 林政良 陈晓岚 于 2019-10-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种纤维状光热转换材料的制备方法,是将吸光材料、聚合物和助溶剂混匀,均匀分散在水中得到反应液,然后将反应液经干湿法纺丝,拉伸,卷曲得到初生纤维,再后处理得到纤维状光热转换材料。本发明方法可适用的材料来源广泛,制备得到的纤维状光热材料可以根据不同的需求,进行编制等进一步加工,拓展其应用范围；本发明方法只需在成熟的干湿法纺丝基础上就可完成,无需提供额外的设备,成本投入降低,过程和工艺简单。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a fibrous photothermal conversion material, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing a light absorption material, a polymer and a cosolvent, uniformly dispersing the mixture in water to obtain a reaction solution, then spinning the reaction solution by a dry-wet method, stretching and curling to obtain a nascent fiber, and then carrying out post-treatment to obtain the fibrous photothermal conversion material. The method is applicable to wide material sources, and the prepared fibrous photothermal material can be further processed according to different requirements, such as weaving and the like, so that the application range of the fibrous photothermal material is expanded; the method can be completed only on the basis of mature dry-wet spinning, no additional equipment is needed, the cost investment is reduced, and the process are simple.)

1. A preparation method of a fibrous photothermal conversion material is characterized in that a light absorption material, a polymer and a cosolvent are uniformly mixed and uniformly dispersed in water to obtain a reaction solution; and then spinning, stretching and curling the reaction solution by a dry-wet method to obtain nascent fiber, and then carrying out post-treatment to obtain the fibrous photothermal conversion material.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the light absorbing material and the natural polymer are mixed according to a mass ratio of (0.5-20): (1-10) dissolving in a cosolvent; the light absorption material and the synthetic high polymer are mixed according to the mass ratio (0.5-20): (10-90) dissolving in a cosolvent.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the light absorbing material is one or more of metal nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, organic photothermal materials and semiconductor photothermal nanomaterials.

5. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the metal nanoparticles are gold nanoparticles, palladium nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, or aluminum nanoparticles; the carbon nano material is prepared from ink, carbon black, carbon powder, porous carbon, carbon nano tube, graphene, soot or fullerene; the organic photo-thermal material comprises polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, polydopamine, indocyanine green or Prussian blue; the semiconductor photo-thermal nano material comprises copper sulfide, copper selenide, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, tungsten sulfide, tungsten oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium sesquioxide, iron sulfide or molybdenum sulfide.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the natural polymer is one or more of sodium alginate, chitosan, agar, konjac glucomannan, sodium hyaluronate, cellulose, carrageenan and chitosan; the synthetic high polymer is one or more of melamine, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl alcohol.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the post-treatment is drying.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the drying is natural drying, forced air drying, freeze drying or vacuum drying.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of photothermal conversion materials, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a fibrous photothermal conversion material.

Background

With the social development, population increase, water resource pollution and other problems, available fresh water resources are increasingly in short supply. The water treatment modes such as sewage treatment, recycling, seawater desalination and the like are used for relieving the problem of fresh water shortage. Common methods for sewage treatment include adsorption, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, precipitation, etc.; the technical means for maturing seawater and fresh water include a seawater freezing method, an electrodialysis method, a distillation method, a reverse osmosis method and the like. These methods require specialized equipment and techniques, are expensive, have large areas, and consume large amounts of energy to produce large quantities of carbon-containing compounds such as carbon dioxide. Although fresh water is available, it not only increases the burden of the source, but also brings new environmental problems, and the above technical means is not suitable for remote poor areas. The solar photo-thermal conversion material can absorb sunlight, convert the sunlight into heat energy and accelerate water evaporation, can be used in the fields of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment and the like, is an energy-saving, environment-friendly and sustainable desalinated water production mode, and can realize zero liquid discharge.

At present, light absorption materials such as graphene and graphene oxide are widely used for preparing photo-thermal materials. The method of carbonizing wood and corncob is also used for preparing the photo-thermal material, or the photo-thermal material is prepared by using a method of carrying light absorption materials such as carbon black particles and polypyrrole by using a porous material. Although current methods of preparing photothermal materials have been diversified, some problems still remain. For example: chinese patent CN109206553A discloses a solar photo-thermal conversion material, which is prepared by mixing and dispersing a light absorbing material, a water-soluble monomer, an initiator and a cross-linking agent in water to obtain a reaction solution; or mixing and dispersing the light absorption material, the water-soluble polymer and the cross-linking agent in water to obtain reaction liquid; absorbing the reaction solution by using sponge, gelatinizing to obtain hydrogel, performing repeated circulating freeze thawing, freeze drying, and dissolving in water to saturation swelling to obtain the solar photo-thermal conversion material. Meitao et al (2017) disclose a method for preparing high-efficiency photothermal conversion heating polyester fiber, which adopts melt blending extrusion to uniformly disperse high-efficiency photothermal conversion powder material titanium carbide into polyester, and then blends and melt-spins the prepared composite polyester material and the polyester, namely, the preparation of the high-efficiency photothermal conversion heating polyester fiber (Meitao, Guohao, WuyongZhi, etc. of TiC with different proportions and the preparation and performance research of the high-efficiency photothermal conversion heating polyester fiber [ J ]. ion exchange and adsorption, 2017,33(3):271-279.) the preparation steps of the photothermal fiber disclosed above are complicated, the process of designing and preparing the photo-thermal material relates to environments such as high temperature, strong acid, strong alkali and the like, the raw materials are selected singly, the form of the material is limited to a certain form, such as sponge, foam and the like, and the requirements of environmental protection are not met. And the current preparation method of the photo-thermal material is only suitable for one or more light absorption materials, substrate materials and the like, and cannot be popularized in a large range.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a preparation method of a fibrous photothermal conversion material, and can solve the problems of complicated preparation steps, high energy consumption, method limitation and the like.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a preparation method of a fibrous photothermal conversion material comprises the steps of uniformly mixing a light absorption material, a polymer and a cosolvent, uniformly dispersing in a solvent to obtain a reaction solution, then carrying out dry-wet spinning, stretching and curling on the reaction solution to obtain a nascent fiber, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the fibrous photothermal conversion material.

The present invention fixes a light absorbing material on a polymeric substrate by physical or chemical means. The light absorbing material is uniformly dispersed in the solution of the polymer by selecting an appropriate co-solvent before the polymer is uncured. And then, a dry-wet spinning method is adopted, the mixed solution flows out from an injection device, the mixed solution is solidified by a solidification liquid, after the polymer is solidified, the light absorption material is bound in the polymer, so that the light absorption material is stably combined with the polymer, and then, the light absorption material is stretched and curled to obtain nascent fiber, and the fibrous photothermal conversion material is obtained after a post-treatment process. The method has the advantages of wide material selection, wide technical application range, and capability of selecting light absorption materials, polymers and the like. Dry-wet spinning is a well-established process in the art by extruding the spinning solution from a spinneret through a gas (typically air) layer (air gap) and then into a coagulation bath for solidification.

Preferably, the polymer is a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer.

Preferably, the light absorption material and the natural high polymer are mixed according to the mass ratio (0.5-20): (1-10) dissolving in a cosolvent; the light absorption material and the synthetic high polymer are mixed according to the mass ratio (0.5-20): (10-90) dissolving in a corresponding cosolvent.

Preferably, the light absorbing material is one or more of metal nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, organic photothermal materials and semiconductor photothermal nanomaterials.

Preferably, the metal nanoparticles are gold nanoparticles, palladium nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles or aluminum nanoparticles, the carbon nanoparticles are ink, carbon black, carbon powder, porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, soot or fullerene, the organic photothermal material includes polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, polydopamine, indocyanine green or prussian blue, and the semiconductor photothermal nanoparticles include copper sulfide, copper selenide, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, tungsten sulfide, tungsten oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium sesquioxide, iron sulfide or molybdenum sulfide.

The high polymer is suitable for dry-wet spinning. Preferably, the natural polymer is one or more of sodium alginate, chitosan, agar, konjac glucomannan, sodium hyaluronate, cellulose, carrageenan and chitosan; the synthetic high polymer is one or more of melamine, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl alcohol.

The cosolvent of the invention is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of the light absorption material in the solvent; the natural/synthetic high polymer is dissolved or dispersed in the solvent; the cosolvent is selected according to the selected photo-thermal material, the type of natural/synthetic high polymer and the type of solvent; such as water, acetic acid, and the like.

The type of the solidification liquid is specifically selected according to the type of the natural/synthetic high polymer, for example, the natural high polymer is sodium alginate, and the solidification liquid can be calcium chloride solution; the natural polymer is chitosan, and the coagulation solution can be selected from sodium hydroxide/ethanol/sodium sulfate/water; the synthesized high polymer is polyacrylonitrile, and the coagulating bath may be sodium thiocyanate water solution. The synthetic high polymer is melamine, and hot air, sulfuric acid/sodium sulfate aqueous solution and the like can be selected as the coagulating bath.

Preferably, the post-treatment is drying.

Preferably, the drying is natural drying, forced air drying, freeze drying or vacuum drying.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a preparation method of a fibrous photothermal conversion material, the method is applicable to wide material sources, the prepared fibrous photothermal material can be further processed according to different requirements, such as weaving and the like, and the application range of the fibrous photothermal material is expanded; the method can be completed only on the basis of mature dry-wet spinning, no additional equipment is needed, the cost investment is reduced, and the process are simple. Meanwhile, the fibrous photothermal conversion material prepared by the invention has excellent photothermal performance, and the absorption degree of the material to sunlight can reach about 97%. The equilibrium temperature of 65 ℃ can be reached by irradiation for 5 minutes at a solar intensity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the production of a fibrous photothermal conversion material of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a fibrous photothermal conversion material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a fibrous photothermal conversion material prepared in example 1 of the present invention; the left image is the surface of the fiber photothermal conversion material (magnification 20), and the right image is the cross section of the fiber photothermal conversion material (magnification 50).

Fig. 4 shows the absorption spectrum of the solar light by the fiber photothermal material of example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is an infrared photograph of the fibrous photothermal conversion material prepared in example 1 of the present invention irradiated under one solar radiation intensity.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the production of the fibrous photothermal conversion material of the present invention, and the present invention will be described below in terms of several embodiments.