阅读说明：本技术 一种通过增材制造生产零件的方法和设备 (Method and apparatus for producing parts by additive manufacturing ) 是由 A·R·阿夫迪夫 I·A·古辛 A·V·德罗博托夫 A·A·什韦茨 于 2020-01-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种增材制造方法和设备。用于实现该方法的设备(1)包括至少一个沿着X轴和/或Y轴移动的打印头(2)、用于材料进料的至少一个电机(3)和用于容纳接收材料的接收表面(10)的单元(9)。所述单元(9)的形式为具有至少第一和第二结构元件(12.11),和用于沿着Z轴移动的转移设备(13),其中至少一个第二结构元件(11)的一侧紧固到移动装置(13),相反的另一侧可移动地连接到至少一个第一结构元件(12),其绕X轴可旋转,接收表面(10)安装在第一结构元件(12)上,即绕z轴可旋转,所述单元(9)包括用于围绕X轴旋转所述第一结构元件(12)的至少一个电机(17)和用于围绕Z轴旋转所述接收圆柱表面(10)的至少一个电机(18)。本发明的技术效果是提高了所生产物品的坚固性。(The present invention relates to an additive manufacturing method and apparatus. The apparatus (1) for carrying out the method comprises at least one print head (2) moving along an X-axis and/or a Y-axis, at least one motor (3) for feeding the material and a unit (9) for receiving a receiving surface (10) for receiving the material. The unit (9) is in the form of a unit having at least a first and a second structural element (12.11), and a transfer device (13) for movement along a Z-axis, wherein one side of at least one second structural element (11) is fastened to the moving device (13) and the opposite side is movably connected to at least one first structural element (12), which is rotatable about the X-axis, and a receiving surface (10) is mounted on the first structural element (12), i.e. rotatable about the Z-axis, the unit (9) comprising at least one motor (17) for rotating the first structural element (12) about the X-axis and at least one motor (18) for rotating the receiving cylindrical surface (10) about the Z-axis. The technical effect of the invention is to improve the robustness of the produced articles.)

1. A method for additive production of a 3D object, characterized in that the production method comprises the following stages:

a) creating a digital 3D model of the specified object, dividing the model into a product core and a product ontology,

dividing them into a planar layer and a curved layer in a layered manner, and preparing construction data;

b) subsequently sending the configuration data to the control unit;

c) adjusting the position of the product relative to the receiving surface (10);

d) the necessary feeds for processing;

e) determining zero coordinates of the position of the print head (2) on the x-axis, of the transfer device (13) on the z-axis and of the second structural unit (12) on the x-axis relative to the unit (9) of the receiving surface (10);

f) placing the receiving surface (10) in a horizontal position,

wherein

g) The envelope side surfaces of the first part (26) of the basic body and the receiving surface (10) are generated on the receiving surface;

h) -changing the receiving surface (10) to a vertical orientation;

i) -producing a second base part (27) on the first base part (26);

j) -creating a core (28) on the second part (27) of the substrate;

k) -changing the receiving surface (10) to a horizontal orientation;

l) producing a product body (30) by applying material to the core (28) in the curved layer.

2. A3D object additive production apparatus (1), characterized in that the production apparatus comprises:

-at least one print head (2) for material feeding, the print head (2) being configured to move along an X-axis and/or along a Y-axis;

-at least one guide rail (6) for moving the print head (2) along the x-axis;

-at least two guides (7,8) for moving the print head (2) along the y-axis, said at least two guides (7,8) being configured to be arranged on opposite sides of the print head (2) across said at least one guide (6) for moving the print head (2) along the x-axis;

-a unit (9) designed for housing a receiving surface (10) and a receiving surface (10) for receiving material provided from the print head (2); wherein said unit (9) for housing a receiving surface (10) comprises a first structural element (12) equipped with a transfer device (13) movable along a z-axis perpendicular to the X-Y plane; a first structural element (12) configured to rotate about an X-axis and a receiving surface (10) configured to rotate on the first structural element (12) about a Z-axis, while the apparatus (1) additionally comprises at least one motor (3) for material feeding and at least two motors (4, 5) for moving the print head (2), the unit (9) for accommodating the receiving surface (10) further comprises at least a second structural element (11), said second structural element (11) being fixed on one side to the transfer device (13) and being movably connected on the opposite side to the first structural element (12), at least one motor (14) moving along the Z-axis, at least two rails (15,16) moving along the Z-axis, at least one motor (17) rotating said first structural element (12) about the X-axis, at least one motor (18) rotating said receiving surface (10) about the Z-axis, the receiving surface (10) has a cylindrical shape.

3. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said receiving surface (10) is arranged in a detachable fashion.

4. Device (1) according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the receiving surface (10) is arranged in a gripping device (19).

5. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (1) comprises a coil (20) with a consumable material.

6. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus (1) comprises a heating device (21) for heating a working area of the apparatus (1).

7. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said electric motor (17) is arranged on said second structural element (11).

8. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said second structural element (11) comprises a pulley (22) connected to an electric motor (17) by means of an endless belt (23).

9. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said pulley (22) is connected to said first structural element (12).

10. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor (18) is arranged on the first structural element (12).

11. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first structural element (12) comprises a pulley (24) connected to an electric motor (18) by means of an endless belt (25).

12. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one motor (3) is arranged on the print head (2).

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a technique for producing layered objects based on digital models by means of material layering (layerwise) applications, which can be used in particular when producing 3D objects using additive processes.

Background

Fused Deposition Modeling (FFF/FDM) is one of the additive 3D layered printing processes that are currently in widespread use. The FDM process includes the following stages: the 3D digital model is divided into a plurality of thin planar layers and a program is compiled for the production of each such layer, the program comprising linear movement of a plurality of print heads with the feed of material. The sum of the production procedures of each layer is incorporated as a whole into the object production procedure and sent to the additive production system, which creates the object in a hierarchical manner based on the procedure. Each layer is applied to the previous layer until the object is fully built. The secondary material may be used to support overhanging elements of the object.

Systems and methods for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects based on the layered production of objects by extrusion of a fluid (thermoplastic) material onto a planar working surface (substrate) already exist. The material used for modeling was extruded through an extrusion-type nozzle carried by an extrusion head and coated in a sequence of traces in the X-Y plane on a substrate. The extruded modeling material melts and hardens as the temperature drops. The position of the extrusion head relative to the base is then incremented along the z-axis (perpendicular to the X-Y plane) and the process is then repeated, forming a 3D model of similar numerical representation (for example, patent US2013224423, release date 29.08.2013, STRATASYS INC.).

Although the known method for layered production can form a three-dimensional object, there is a limitation in that the product strength in the vertical direction (product strength) is comparable to that in the horizontal direction because interlayer bonding of polymers is not as effective as interlayer bonding.

To address this problem, additive processes have been created that apply material to a cylindrical working (receiving) surface.

Therefore, a 3D printer is known which comprises a receiving cylindrical surface rotating around its own axis and an applicator (applicator) configured to apply material to said surface, wherein the applicator and the receiving cylindrical surface are relatively moved in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation. A controller, which is part of the 3D printer, accepts an object production program, the instructions being represented in the form of a plurality of linear (or angular) movements along each 3D printer axis. During this process, the controller coordinates the rotation of the receiving cylindrical surface, the applicator being offset with respect to the course of material application by the applicator; the print head and the resulting object are moved simultaneously along the element, thereby forming a three-dimensional (curved) layer of material. The successive application of these layers of different shape by means of a 3D printer forms an object (patent US2012165969 a1, publication 28.06.2012, Zydex Pty Ltd.)

According to a known solution, the production method comprises determining an object production program of the device based on the 3D model of the object; the program comprises a plurality of curved layers of material that must be applied sequentially by the apparatus. The program is sent to a printing device to apply material through a planar layer onto a receiving cylindrical surface.

One of the drawbacks of the process of Zydex Pty ltd. is that the process involves a high amount of labor and a limited number of possible object shapes, since printing has to be performed on a prefabricated receiving cylinder surface, which becomes part of the object, which receiving cylinder requires further machining or has to be removed by some means. Although the object printed in this way consists of curved layers, it does not gain additional strength since each layer still consists of short lines of material.

A known object producing apparatus comprises a receiving cylindrical surface for receiving material, and a drive for rotating the rod and applying the material to the receiving cylindrical surface to form a print head of an object, wherein the receiving cylindrical surface is mounted on a rotor cartridge closing mechanism. The method of production of the object comprises the application of material to the rod by the print head, the rotation of the rod, the movement of the print head in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rod, and the subsequent removal of the cylindrical working surface after the production of the object (patent US2016096323 a1, publication date: 2016 month 4 and 7 days, taike electronics corporation)

A disadvantage of the known device and the method for producing objects of the taco electronics company is the possibility of not using a printing head for producing the working rod, since only one ready-made rod can be used, which makes it necessary to further process the already obtained product. Although the described production method allows to obtain a strong layer, the product produced requires a mechanical post-processing of the end of the working rod protruding beyond the edge of the product (see fig. 1). This increases the production labor of the object and introduces limitations on its shape.

There is known an object production method comprising controlling a receiving cylinder surface rotation mechanism controller (the same cylinder is fixed within the range of at least two supports), forming a layer by a plurality of ejectors located in any one of at least two print heads having various materials on one rotating receiving cylinder surface; the controller has at least one actuator operably connected to at least two printheads and the curing device, the controller being operative to provide movement of each printhead and curing device independently of each other in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the cylindrical work surface to ensure formation and curing of the layer on the cylindrical work surface (patent application c iii US2018244033a1, release date 30.08.2018, schle corporation)

Disadvantages of the described 3D object production method of the schlerian company include a high production effort and a limited number of shapes of the produced object due to the necessity of performing a printing process on a prefabricated receiving cylindrical surface that is part of the object, which surface needs further machining or is removed by some method. That is, the object produced must be thicker and shorter than the thickness of the cylindrical working surface. Again, this method is only used for producing cylindrical products (rotating bodies), which limits the versatility of producing objects.

A known three-dimensional printer comprises a printing surface which can be rotated about an axis, a print head arranged near the working surface and oriented vertically thereto (the print head is configured to apply material for object production on at least part of the working surface, or on at least part of the heating elements arranged on the working surface), and a base adjacent to the print head and in contact with the printing surface, wherein the base is configured to move forwards, backwards and laterally with respect to the print head (patent US20160318247 a1, release date 2016 year 11/3, watson plastic).

The 3D printer described by the huasha orthopaedic company has the disadvantage of producing a limited variety of object shapes, since the printing process must be carried out on a prepared surface, which must then be removed; in this process, the printed object is likely to be damaged. The Huasha orthopaedic company does not consider the possibility of creating complex-geometry objects.

An additive manufacturing apparatus (a lathe) and a method of forming an object based on cylindrical coordinates (R, Theta, Z) used by the apparatus are known. The known apparatus comprises a semi-finished product (in the form of a rod with a circular cross-section), a printing head, an extrusion head, a motor unit with a stepper motor that controls the rotation of the semi-finished product about the Theta axis, a second stepper motor that controls the movement of the extrusion head about the z axis, a third stepper motor that controls the movement of the extrusion head along the semi-finished product, and along a radial axis as the semi-finished product rotates about the Theta axis, (patent US2018297280a1, publication date 18.10.2018, Elizabeth silverstro).

The known Elizabeth silverstro apparatus employs an additive manufacturing method which includes the arrangement of a semifinished product in the form of a round bar in a motor unit having a stepper motor with a theta axis which controls the rotation of the semifinished product about the theta axis, the extrusion head applying material to the semifinished product under the control of a z-axis stepper motor and at least one radial axis stepper motor (controlling the movement of the extrusion head in the z-axis direction and along the radial axis of the semifinished product as it is rotated by the theta axis rotating stepper apparatus); and controlling operation of the theta axis stepper motor, operation of the z axis stepper motor, and operation of the at least one radial axis stepper motor to cause the extrusion head to apply material to the semi-finished product based on the model of the object represented in cylindrical coordinates.

A disadvantage of the known apparatus and method is that, since only one semi-finished product ready in the form of a rod is used, the same semi-finished product protrudes beyond the edge of the product, requiring further processing of the already manufactured product; furthermore, the rods cannot be produced with a print head. Although the production method described allows to obtain a strong layer, the end of the working rod of the manufactured product protrudes beyond the edge of the product, requiring mechanical post-processing.

As a closest approach to the claimed group of inventions, the apparatus selects an apparatus for 3D object additive printing and an object forming method used by the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a print head for the extrusion of a first material, a container with a liquid or granular second material and mounted with a planar receiving surface, wherein the print head and the planar receiving surface can be fixed on a manipulator for angular rotation along three linear coordinates of movement or about one, two or three axes. A manipulator comprises a planar receiving surface, on which the receiving surface is mounted, one or more expansion joints and a swivel joint (connected to the expansion joint) (international application WO 2016019435a1, published 2016 year 2 month 11 day, LAING O' rourkeaudiolitity LIMITED).

The closest technical solution implements an additive production method that involves the coating of a string of material in the form of a loop rather than a spiral (which are not intertwined). The product is directly raised above the plane receiving surface, so that during printing there is a risk that the product will fall off the receiving surface along the dividing line between the product and the receiving surface.

One of the drawbacks that the closest solutions involve is the less robust product and the auxiliary material (secondary material) environment that the printing phase of the 3d object (including the rotating planar receiving surface of the printed three-dimensional layer) enables, increases the production effort when printing the object and introduces limitations on the volume of the working area.

Therefore, the necessity of improvement in 3D printers and 3D printing methods is widely recognized. The following disadvantages, in particular, must be eliminated: the use of support appendages, the low strength and production accuracy of the product, and the need for post-processing of the printed product, i.e. removal of appendages beyond the boundary of the product outline (see fig. 1), make such items unsuitable for mass production and end use.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem that the invention aims to solve is to create a functional product on a printing device (3D printer) by means of an additive production method, in particular the printing of the product in a curved layer coated on a receiving surface, the curved layer constituting an off-the-shelf rod (cylindrical surface) or off-the-shelf core, being part of the final product or an off-the-shelf self-renewable core being part of the final product, without off-the-shelf product quality deterioration and without additional finishing treatments.

Technical results of the present invention include increased robustness of the resulting products and that these products do not require additional processing.

The invention provides a 3D object additive printing method, which comprises the following steps: a) a digital 3D model of a specified object is created, the model is divided into a product core and a product body, and the product core and the product body are divided into a plane layer and a curved surface layer in a layering manner; preparing construction data at the same time; b) thereafter, the configuration data is sent to the control unit; c) adjusting the position of the product relative to the receiving surface (10); d) providing materials required for the processing; e) determining zero coordinates of the position of the print head (2) along the x-axis, of the transfer device (13) along the z-axis and of the second structural unit (12) along the x-axis with respect to the position of the unit (9) for arranging the receiving surface (10); f) according to the invention, the receiving surface (10) is brought into a horizontal position; g) -producing an envelope side surface of the base first portion (26) and the receiving surface (10) on the receiving surface; h) changing the position of the receiving surface (10) to a vertical position; i) the second base body part (27) is produced on the first base body part (26). (ii) a j) A core (28) is produced on the second part (27) of the base body. (ii) a k) The position of the receiving surface (10) changes to horizontal; l) the product body (30) is produced by applying a material to the core (28) to form a curved layer.

The invention also provides an apparatus (1) for additive production of a 3D object comprising at least one print head (2) for providing material, the print head being configured to move along an x-axis and/or a y-axis; at least on the guide rail (6) for moving the print head (2) along the x-axis; at least two guides (7,8) for moving the print head (2) along the y-axis, configured to be arranged on opposite sides of the print head (2), across at least one guide (6) for moving the print head (2) along the x-axis; a unit (9) for accommodating a receiving surface (10) and a receiving surface (10) for receiving material supplied from the print head (2); wherein the unit (9) for accommodating the receiving surface (10) comprises a first structural element (12) and has a transfer device (13) moving along a z-axis perpendicular to the X-Y plane; the first structural element (12) being configured to rotate about an x-axis, the receiving surface (10) being mounted on the first structural element (12) and configured to rotate about a z-axis; according to the invention, the device (1) further comprises at least one motor (3) for feeding, at least two motors (4, 5) for moving the print head (2), wherein the unit (9) for accommodating the receiving surface (10) further comprises at least a second structural element (11), the second structural element (11) being fixed on one side to the transfer device (13) and being movably connected on the other side to the first structural element (12); at least one motor (14) effecting movement along the z-axis, at least two guide rails (15,16) effecting movement along the z-axis, at least one motor (17) rotating the first structural element (12) (12) about the x-axis and at least one motor (18) rotating the receiving surface (10) about the z-axis; the receiving surface (10) has a cylindrical shape.

In another particular embodiment, the receiving surface (10) may be arranged to be detachable.

In another particular embodiment, the receiving surface (10) may be arranged in a gripping device (19).

In another particular embodiment, the device (1) may include a coil (20) having a consumable material.

In another particular embodiment, the device (1) may comprise a heating device (21) for heating the working area of the device (1).

In another particular embodiment, the motor (17) may be arranged on the second structural element (11).

In another particular embodiment, the second structural element (11) may comprise a pulley (22) connected to the motor (17) with the aid of the endless belt (23).

In another particular embodiment, a pulley (22) may be connected to the first structural member (12).

In another particular embodiment, the motor (18) may be arranged on the first structural element (12).

In another particular embodiment, the first structural element (12) may comprise a pulley (24) connected to the motor (18) with the aid of an endless belt (25).

At least one motor (3) in another particular embodiment may be arranged on the print head (2).

The group of inventions is illustrated by the figures (fig. 1-12), but the examples of implementation of the additive manufacturing method and the apparatus for implementing the method are not the only possibilities, but clearly demonstrate the possibility of achieving the technical result required. In this case, the proposed examples of implementation of the invention do not limit the possibilities of their implementation, nor are they exhaustive.

Drawings

The following is shown in the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a product produced (printed) a) -according to the claimed invention; b) and c) products obtained using similar technical solutions.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the 3D printer.

Fig. 3 is a front view of a 3D printer without a body wall.

Fig. 4 and 5 show a unit (9) with various receiving surface (10) positions.

Fig. 6-11 illustrate stages of product manufacture of the claimed method on the claimed apparatus.

Fig. 12 shows a block diagram of the claimed method of object production.

Description of reference numerals:

1 the 3D object additive manufacturing apparatus,

2 a print head,

3a motor for feeding the material,

4 a motor for moving the print head (2),

5a motor for moving the print head (2),

6 guide rail for moving the print head (2) along the x-axis

7 guide rail for moving the print head (2) along the y-axis

8 guide rail for moving the print head (2) along the y-axis

9 for receiving a cylindrical receiving surface (10),

10 of the cylindrical receiving surface of the drum,

11 a second structural element of the unit (9),

12 a first structural element of the unit (9),

13 transfer device for moving the unit (9) along the z-axis,

14 z-axis of rotation of the motor of the device (13),

15 a guide rail for moving the transfer device (13),

16 moving the guide rail of the transfer device (13),

17 the motor of the element (12),

18 to receive the motor of the surface (10),

19 the gripping device is arranged to grip the equipment,

20 a coil with a consumable material,

21 heating unit of the working area of the device (1),

22 a pulley of the element (11),

23 a pulley (22) a circular belt,

24 a pulley for the element (12),

25 a belt pulley (24) and a circular belt,

26 a first portion of the base body,

27 the second part of the basic body is,

28 the core of the device is provided with a core,

29 product body.

Detailed Description

According to the invention, the apparatus 1(3D printer) is designed for manufacturing 3D products by an additive manufacturing method. In one of the specific embodiments, the 3D printer comprises the following elements arranged within the body (fig. 2): a print head 2 for feeding thermoplastic material, the same print head being configured to move in the X-axis direction and/or in the Y-axis direction (including the possibility of moving in the XY-plane). The apparatus 1 comprises two motors 3 for material feed, the same motors being also mounted on the print head 2. The apparatus also comprises two motors 4 and 5 for moving the print head 2, and one guide 6 for moving the print head 2 along the X-axis, and two guides 7 and 8 for moving the print head 2 along the Y-axis (fig. 2 and 3). The guide rails 7 and 8 are arranged on opposite sides of the print head 2 on the guide rail 6 (fig. 3).

The device 1 comprises a receiving surface 10 for receiving (winding, coating) the material supplied from the print head 2 (fig. 2-11). In an embodiment, the receiving surface 10 is configured as a cylinder. As the receiving surface 10, in an embodiment, the receiving surface is a rod.

The receiving surface is arranged in the unit 9 for accommodating the receiving surface 10 (fig. 2-5). The unit 9 is configured as a first and a second connected structural element 12 and 11, respectively, and is configured with a z-axis translation device 13, the same axis being perpendicular to the X-Y plane. The receiving surface 10 is arranged on the first structural element 12, can be rotated about the z-axis and can be detached, for example, when placed in a gripping device 19, which can be configured as a collet closing mechanism. That is, the component 12 may be configured as a swing, and the transferring device 13 may be configured as a carriage (carriage). The unit 9 comprises a motor 14 and two guide rails 15 and 16 for moving said motor 14 along the Z-axis.

The second structural element 11 is fixed on the transfer device 13 and is movably connected to the first structural element 12 (fig. 4 and 5).

The first structural element 12 is configured to rotate about the x-axis with the aid of a motor 17 provided on the second structural element 11.

The receiving surface 10 is configured to rotate about the z-axis with the aid of a motor 18.

The second structural element 11 comprises a pulley 22 connected to the motor 17 by an endless belt 23. The first structural element 12 comprises a pulley 24 connected to the motor 18 by an endless belt 25 (fig. 4, 5).

The claimed 3D printer includes a coil 20 and a consumable thermoplastic material. That is, the coil 20 with the consumable material may be disposed inside and outside the printer device 1 body (fig. 2).

The 3D printer comprises a heating unit 21 for heating the working area of the device 1 (fig. 3) and a controller 29 for controlling the movement of the print head 2.

The advantage of the increased strength of the product obtained and of the absence of additional processing comes from the device described, the movement of the print head 2 along the x and y axes and of the containing unit 9 of the receiving surface 10 along the z axis, allowing the printed product core to be repeated with the shape of the product outline; the automatic transfer from the product core printing to the product body printing is ensured due to the rotation around the x axis; since the print head 2 is moved along the y-axis, the unit 9 is moved along the z-axis, and the receiving surface 10 is rotated about the z-axis, curved layer printing of the product is ensured, and a robust product can be produced without additional machining.

Advantages of increased strength of the obtained product and no need for additional processing result from the claimed 3D object additive manufacturing method utilizing a multi-stage printing method of a product core, which does not protrude out of the product body and repeats its shape, thus achieving the advantages of strength of the obtained product and no need for additional processing. And the product strength is increased by printing the product body in the bending layer.

The method is implemented in the following manner (block diagram shown in fig. 12).

Before starting printing, a digital 3D model of the printed object is generated on a personal computer by using graphic software (such as Kompas 3D, Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk Fusion 360, SolidWorks, Blender, 3ds Max and Google SketchUp), wherein the size of the 3D model corresponds to the parameters of a printer; the model is divided into components, each component (parts) is divided into a planar layer and a curved layer by layer, and the construction data is prepared.

Thereafter, the formed model is loaded into print preparation software which provides the component parts (product core and product body) with the model segmentation, separates these parts into planar and curved layers in a layered manner, forms one layer separately (in this process, as a result of the surface (e.g., cylindrical surface) intersecting the product model), with each subsequent layer being different from the previous layer in thickness (for a rotating surface, this is the distance between the line of movement and the axis of rotation, for a transition surface, this is an offset along the construction vector)), and for preparing and generating construction data (motion sequence code), which is then sent to the control unit. Further, the position of the product relative to the printer receiving surface 10 is adjusted to select the type of intersecting surface. The intersecting surface may be any moving surface (regular, irregular, rotating, circular, spiral, etc.), after which the conventional print settings are configured in the program: the print head 2 movement speed, the workpiece cooling temperature (by controlling the operating mode of the product cooling fan), the consumable material characteristics, etc., for each material, the corresponding heater temperature selected for melting the plastic in the print head 2, and the chamber heating temperature for printing the product.

In addition, the necessary parameters and conditions for printing the product parts (product core 28 and product body 30) and the auxiliary structures (first part of base 26, second part of base 27 and supporting accessories) are also defined in the program.

The dimensions of the product core 28 (depending on the cross-section chosen), the planar print layer thickness, the continuous shell thickness, the density of the internal filler of the core filled with material (from 0 (for the production of hollow products) to 100%) and the filling pattern parameters will all be determined. The software defines the shape of the core 28 as the result of the intersection of the product "and the selected cross-sectional surface". That is, if the selected cross-sectional surface is a surface of revolution (e.g., a cylinder), the lateral surface of the core 28 corresponds to the selected cross-sectional surface and the specified core dimension (distance from the axis of rotation to the line of travel). The lower base of the core 28 corresponds to the lower product surface defined by the side surfaces of the core 28 and the upper base of the core 28 corresponds to the upper product surface defined by the side surfaces of the core 28.

For the product body 30, the curved print layer thickness, the continuous shell thickness, the internal filler density filled by the material (from 0 (hollow product production) to 100%), the filling pattern parameters and the necessity of supporting the accessory configuration are specified.

The fill pattern parameters are adjusted for the first and second portions 26 and 27 of the substrate. The software automatically generates the dimensions of the first and second portions 26, 27 of the substrate based on the dimensions of the core 28. The first part of the substrate 26 is designed to hold the product on the receiving surface 10. The second portion 27 of the base is designed to be the initial build plane of the product core 28.

For the support attachment, density and fill template parameters are specified. The mating accessories can be constructed of the same material as the product using the same printhead nozzles. The support attachment may be constructed with the second nozzle from another material. In this process, the software (when generating the support accessory) can automatically generate a clearance (clearance) with respect to the printed product to ensure that it is easily removed from the finished surface.

In addition, the software prepares the configuration data, such as g-code, in a computer command language. For each planar and curved layer, the software would first determine the profile and then fill the layer according to the percentage value and fill pattern selected by the user. Traversing (transpose) the whole model, and then establishing a support structure; the configuration data is then exported into a prepared file.

After the configuration data is ready, a connection is established with the printer. The operability of all printer mechanical units is checked, as well as the availability of installed consumable materials. The prepared task is then loaded through a network interface or using a portable storage device.

After all preparation is complete, the printing process can be initiated (FIG. 6). The controller controls the movement of the print head 2 and the operation of the unit 9, the z-axis translation device 13 by signals sent to the motors 3, 4, 5, 14, 17 and 18. After the printing process is initiated, the printer controller heats the print head 2 nozzles and the working chamber to a specified temperature level and supplies the material, then searches for and determines the zero coordinates of the x-axis and y-axis positions of the print head 2 and the zero coordinates of the first structural unit 12, the z-axis translation device 13 for its movement in the x-axis, and then properly initiates the product printing process on the receiving surface 10.

Using the unit 9, the receiving cylindrical surface 10 is placed in a horizontal position (the cylindrical surface axis is in a plane parallel to the X-Y plane) -fig. 6. A z-axis translation device 13 raises the unit 9 to a distance equal to the layer thickness between the surface 10 and the nozzles of the print head 2. The controller initiates a production program module for the first base portion 26. A first portion of the base body 26 and an envelope side surface (envelope lateral surface) of the receiving surface (10) are produced on the receiving cylindrical surface 10. The base of the first portion 26 of the base body may project beyond the boundary of the receiving surface 10 and be located at the butt end of the latter (fig. 7).

The controller then starts the position change program module of the receiving surface 10 and sends a signal to the z-axis translation device 13 forcing it (z-axis translation device 13) to descend in order to avoid collision with the print head 2 and a signal to the unit 9 forcing it to change the position of the surface 10 to a vertical position (the axis of the lever lies in a plane parallel to the XZ plane) -fig. 8. Subsequently, a production program module for producing a second part 27 of the substrate on the first part 26 of the substrate (based on the first part of the substrate 26) is started.

The controller then prints a planar layer of the product core 28 on the surface of the second portion 27 of the substrate (fig. 9). The position conversion program module is then activated again and the unit 9 positions the receiving surface 10 horizontally (the axis of the rod is positioned in a plane parallel to the X-Y plane). The z-axis translation device 13 is raised together with the unit 9 by a distance equal to the layer thickness between the surface of the core 28 and the nozzles of the print head 2.

The controller initiates the supporting accessory production program module (if required by the particular product) and then initiates the product body 30 production program module (fig. 10, 11). The product body 30 is manufactured by applying material to the core 28 in a curved layer.

Both the product body 30 and the support accessory are produced in layers in curved layers to increase the strength (twist) of the produced product. The next layer is applied one by one to the previous one until the product construction process is complete.

A layer may have one or more portions. Each section includes one or more contours, inserts (insets), skins (skins), and fill areas.

A layer portion is a separate area within the layer where no other portion is touched.

The outline is the unprintable intersection of the model and the intersection surface.

The insert constitutes a printable contour wall of the product shape.

The skin is a printable surface filled with 100% to form the shape of the product.

The filled area is a printable surface, having a specified degree of filling, forming the internal structure of the product.

The number of walls may be set in the print preparation program; a value of 0 (no wall present) or more may be specified. For the fill function, parameters such as fill density, fill angle, fill pattern and fill overlap (degree of intersection (degree) of the beginning and end of the fill line with the inner contour insert) may be set.

The fill density may be specified in the print preparation program; values from 0 (no packing present) up to 100% (solid packing) can be specified. That is, the fill density depends on the number of fill lines coated inside the profile.

The fill angle determines the angle between the fill line and the coordinate axis of the layer surface coordinate frame. For the fill angle, values of 0 to 90 degrees may be specified. That is, the filling angle value may vary from layer to layer, alternating the set filling angle value with the value corresponding to the turn (turn) at a specified angle (equal to 90 degrees by default) to form a mesh structure. By default, the accepted fill angle value is equal to 45 degrees.

The method takes into account curved and planar fill patterns for producing various product parts and auxiliary structures. The curved fill pattern is used to produce the first portion of the base 26, the support structure, and the product body 30.

The method uses three variations of the curved fill pattern. The feature of "winding" (spooling) filling is that a single filling line constitutes all the filling and that the material feed is continuous. The "winding" type filling adopts a spiral filling curve. These methods are used to fill the layer formed by the rotating surface. This variant relates to lines running along the surface, typically used to fill the layer along any surface.

The curved fill pattern sets the appearance of a fill line. By default, the fill line constitutes a line on the surface of the curved layer, from the lower product surface to the upper product surface. The shape of the lines depends on the fill pattern and may be curved, meandering, or any other.

A planar fill pattern is used for the second portion 27 of the production substrate and the product core 28. The planar fill pattern used is the same as that used during conventional 3D printing known in the art.