阅读说明：本技术 燃料混合系统和方法 (Fuel mixing system and method ) 是由 J.德尔巴勒埃查瓦里 A.费尔南德斯德加马拉 J.阿尔巴雷斯 E.乌里阿特 于 2017-02-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供了用于将来自第一燃料源的第一燃料与来自第二燃料源的第二燃料混合的系统和方法。所述系统可包括：控制器,与多个传感器中的每个通信性地联接；第一多个阀,包括第一渐进阀；以及第二多个阀,包括第二渐进阀。第一和第二多个阀可被配置为选择性地实现第一和第二燃料源与发电单元之间的流体连通。控制器可被配置为从传感器接收所检测的操作参数,将所检测的操作参数与另一操作参数比较,并且基于所述比较,将指令传递到第一渐进阀和第二渐进阀中的至少一个,以使第一燃料在进入发电单元之前能够与第二燃料混合。(Systems and methods are provided for mixing a first fuel from a first fuel source with a second fuel from a second fuel source. The system may include: a controller communicatively coupled with each of the plurality of sensors; a first plurality of valves including a first progressive valve; and a second plurality of valves including a second progressive valve. The first and second plurality of valves may be configured to selectively enable fluid communication between the first and second fuel sources and the power generation unit. The controller may be configured to receive the detected operating parameter from the sensor, compare the detected operating parameter to another operating parameter, and based on the comparison, communicate a command to at least one of the first progressive valve and the second progressive valve to enable the first fuel to be mixed with the second fuel prior to entering the power generation unit.)

1. A fuel mixing system for a power generation unit fluidly coupled to a first fuel source and a second fuel source, comprising:

a plurality of sensors, each sensor configured to detect at least one operating parameter of the power generation unit;

a first plurality of valves configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the first fuel source and the power generation unit, the first plurality of valves fluidly coupled in series and including a first progressive valve configured to progressively open or close to at least one predetermined set point;

a second plurality of valves configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the second fuel source and the power generation unit, the second plurality of valves including a second progressive valve configured to be progressively opened or closed to at least one predetermined set point; and

a controller communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of sensors, each of the first plurality of valves, and each of the second plurality of valves, the controller configured to receive a detected operating parameter from a sensor of the plurality of sensors, compare the detected operating parameter to another operating parameter, and based on a comparison result, communicate a command to at least one of the first progressive valve and the second progressive valve to enable mixing of a first fuel from the first fuel source with a second fuel from the second fuel source.

2. The fuel mixing system of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of valves further comprises a first shut-off valve configured to selectively enable or prevent fluid communication between the first fuel source and the first progressive valve, the first shut-off valve being closed during operation of the power generation unit using only the second fuel from the second fuel source.

3. The fuel mixing system of claim 2, wherein the second plurality of valves further comprises a second shutoff valve configured to selectively enable or prevent fluid communication between the second fuel source and the second progressive valve, the second shutoff valve being closed during operation of the power generation unit with only the first fuel from the first fuel source.

4. The fuel mixing system of claim 1, wherein:

the first plurality of valves further includes a first control valve configured to control a first amount of fuel mixed with air in the power generation unit, an

The second plurality of valves further includes a second control valve configured to control a second amount of fuel mixed with air in the power generation unit.

5. The fuel mixing system of claim 4, wherein each of the first and second control valves is a smart valve capable of sending information to the controller relating to an operating parameter of the smart valve.

6. A power generation system, comprising:

a system load;

a power generation unit configured to receive a first fuel from a first fuel source, a second fuel from a second fuel source, or a combination thereof, and to generate useful energy therefrom to power the system load; and

a fuel mixing system operatively coupled to at least one of the power generation unit and the system load, the fuel mixing system including

A plurality of sensors, each sensor configured to detect at least one operating parameter of at least one of the power generation unit and the system load;

a first plurality of valves configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the first fuel source and the power generation unit, the first plurality of valves fluidly coupled in series and including a first progressive valve configured to progressively open or close to at least one predetermined set point;

a second plurality of valves configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the second fuel source and the power generation unit, the second plurality of valves including a second progressive valve configured to be progressively opened or closed to at least one predetermined set point; and

a controller communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of sensors, each of the first plurality of valves, and each of the second plurality of valves, the controller configured to receive a detected operating parameter from a sensor of the plurality of sensors, compare the detected operating parameter to another operating parameter, and based on a comparison result, communicate a command to at least one of the first progressive valve and the second progressive valve to enable mixing of a first fuel from the first fuel source with a second fuel from the second fuel source.

7. The power generation system of claim 6, further comprising an intake manifold fluidly coupling the first and second plurality of valves with the power generation unit, the intake manifold configured to mix the first and second fuels prior to entering the power generation unit.

8. The power generation system of claim 6, wherein the power generation unit comprises:

a mixer configured to mix at least one of the first fuel and the second fuel with air to produce a fuel mixture;

a compressor in fluid communication with the mixer and configured to compress the fuel mixture to form a compressed fuel mixture;

a cooler in fluid communication with the compressor and configured to cool the compressed fuel mixture into a cooled compressed fuel mixture;

an engine comprising an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, and a combustion chamber fluidly coupling the intake manifold and the exhaust manifold, the intake manifold configured to receive the cooled compressed fuel mixture and direct the cooled compressed fuel mixture to the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber configured to combust the cooled compressed fuel mixture to form an exhaust emission; and

a throttle valve in fluid communication with the cooler and the engine and configured to regulate an amount of cooled compressed fuel mixture directed from the cooler to the intake manifold of the engine.

9. The power generation system of claim 8, wherein:

the power generation unit further includes a turbocharger fluidly coupled to the exhaust manifold and configured to receive exhaust emissions generated in the combustion chamber and convert thermal energy of the exhaust emissions into mechanical energy, the turbocharger operatively coupled to the compressor and configured to drive the compressor via the mechanical energy; and

the system load includes a generator configured to supply energy to the power generation system or an electrical grid electrically coupled thereto.

10. The power generation system of claim 8, wherein the throttle valve is communicatively coupled to the controller and configured to adjust the amount of cooled compressed fuel mixture directed to the intake manifold of the engine based on one or more operating parameters detected by one or more of the plurality of sensors.

11. The power generation system of claim 6, wherein:

the first plurality of valves further includes a first shut-off valve configured to selectively enable or prevent fluid communication between the first fuel source and the first progressive valve;

the first shut-off valve is closed during operation of the power generation unit using only the second fuel from the second fuel source.

12. The power generation system of claim 11, wherein:

the second plurality of valves further includes a second shutoff valve configured to selectively enable or prevent fluid communication between the second fuel source and the second progressive valve;

the second shut-off valve is closed during operation of the power generation unit using only the first fuel from the first fuel source.

13. The power generation system of claim 6, wherein:

the first fuel comprises methane; and

the second fuel is natural gas or liquid petroleum.

14. The power generation system of claim 6, wherein:

the first plurality of valves further includes a first control valve configured to control a first amount of fuel mixed with air in the power generation unit, an

The second plurality of valves further includes a second control valve configured to control a second amount of fuel mixed with air in the power generation unit.

15. The power generation system of claim 14, wherein each of the first and second control valves is a smart valve capable of sending information to the controller relating to an operating parameter of the smart valve.

16. A method for mixing a first fuel from a first fuel source with a second fuel from a second fuel source, comprising:

flowing a second fuel from a second fuel source to a power generation unit through a second plurality of valves configured to selectively enable fluid communication of the second fuel source with the power generation unit;

opening a first shut-off valve of a first plurality of valves configured to selectively enable the first fuel source to be in fluid communication with the power generation unit;

opening a first progressive valve of the first plurality of valves to a first set point at a first rate, the first progressive valve configured to open gradually to the first set point at the first rate;

opening a first flow control valve of the first plurality of valves, the first flow control valve configured to adjust a first amount of fuel to be mixed with a second fuel; and

the first fuel is mixed with the second fuel to form a mixed fuel in an intake manifold before the mixed fuel enters the power generation unit.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

opening a first progressive valve of the first plurality of valves to a second setpoint at a second rate prior to opening the first flow control valve, the first progressive valve configured to open to the second setpoint progressively at the second rate, and the second rate being less than the first rate.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

detecting an operating parameter of the power generation unit via a sensor communicatively coupled to a controller; and

comparing, via the controller, the operating parameter detected by the sensor to another operating parameter; and

transmitting, via the controller, instructions to open at least one of the first shut-off valve, the first progressive valve, and the first flow control valve based on a comparison of the operating parameter detected by the sensor to another operating parameter.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein,

the first stop valve, the first progressive valve, and the first flow control valve are fluidly coupled in series between the first fuel source and the intake manifold; and

the second plurality of valves includes a second stop valve, a second progressive valve, and a second flow control valve fluidly coupled in series between the second fuel source and the intake manifold.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein,

the first flow control valve is a smart valve capable of sending information relating to an operating parameter of the first flow control valve to a controller; and

the first shut-off valve is configured to be in a fully open position or a fully closed position.

Background

During the course of operation of certain processing plants (e.g., landfills and sewage treatment plants), methane-rich waste fuels may be produced. In view of the environmental concerns related to greenhouse gases, and as a cost effective way, some operators of such processing plants have installed power generation equipment that is powered by methane-rich waste fuel and is capable of producing electrical, mechanical and/or thermal energy therefrom. Thus, the generated electrical, mechanical, and/or thermal energy may be used to power components of the process plant. However, because the supply and/or composition of methane-rich waste fuels may not be consistent over time, such power plants may be configured to operate on other fuel supplies (such as pipeline fuel) in order to maintain sufficient electrical, mechanical, and/or thermal energy for the components of the process plant.

Based on the foregoing, control systems utilizing multiple valves have been implemented to regulate the type of fuel supplied to the power plant based at least in part on the operating conditions of the power plant and the supply and/or composition of the methane-rich spent fuel and pipeline fuel. Typically, in the case of the fuel being supplied to the power plant being converted from a methane-rich spent fuel to pipeline fuel or vice versa, the power plant may not be operated at maximum power due to undesirable exhaust emissions and the occurrence of knock or misfires (based on the leakage of the valve or valves used). In turn, the energy output of the power plant is reduced, resulting in less electrical, mechanical, and/or thermal energy being supplied to the components of the process plant.

What is needed, therefore, is a system and method for converting the fuel supplied to a power plant from a methane-rich spent fuel to pipeline fuel or vice versa when the power plant is operated at maximum power, without excessive exhaust emissions and the occurrence of knock or misfires.

Disclosure of Invention

Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a fuel mixing system for a power generation unit fluidly coupled to a first fuel source and a second fuel source. The fuel mixing system may include a plurality of sensors, a first plurality of valves, a second plurality of valves, and a controller. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors may be configured to detect at least one operating parameter of the power generation unit. The first plurality of valves may be configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the first fuel source and the power generation unit. The first plurality of valves may be fluidly coupled in series and include a first progressive valve configured to be progressively opened or closed to at least one predetermined set point. The second plurality of valves may be configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the second fuel source and the power generation unit. The second plurality of valves may include a second progressive valve configured to be progressively opened or closed to at least one predetermined set point. A controller is communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of sensors, each of the first plurality of valves, and each of the second plurality of valves. The controller may be configured to receive a detected operating parameter from a sensor of the plurality of sensors, compare the detected operating parameter to another operating parameter, and based on the comparison, communicate a command to at least one of the first progressive valve and the second progressive valve to enable mixing of a first fuel from the first fuel source with a second fuel from the second fuel source.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may further provide a power generation system. The power generation system may include a system load, a power generation unit, and a fuel-mixing system. The power generation unit may be configured to receive a first fuel from a first fuel source, a second fuel from a second fuel source, or a combination thereof, and to generate useful energy therefrom to power a system load. The fuel-mixing system may be operatively coupled to at least one of the power generation unit and the system load. The fuel mixing system may include a plurality of sensors, a first plurality of valves, a second plurality of valves, and a controller. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors may be configured to detect at least one operating parameter of at least one of the power generation unit and the system load. The first plurality of valves may be configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the first fuel source and the power generation unit. The first plurality of valves may be fluidly coupled in series and include a first progressive valve configured to be progressively opened or closed to at least one predetermined set point. The second plurality of valves may be configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the second fuel source and the power generation unit. The second plurality of valves may include a second progressive valve configured to be progressively opened or closed to at least one predetermined set point. A controller is communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of sensors, each of the first plurality of valves, and each of the second plurality of valves. The controller may be configured to receive a detected operating parameter from a sensor of the plurality of sensors, compare the detected operating parameter to another operating parameter, and based on the comparison, communicate a command to at least one of the first progressive valve and the second progressive valve to enable mixing of a first fuel from the first fuel source with a second fuel from the second fuel source.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may further provide methods for mixing a first fuel from a first fuel source with a second fuel from a second fuel source. The method may include flowing a second fuel from a second fuel source to the power generation unit through a second plurality of valves. The second plurality of valves may be configured to selectively enable the second fuel source to be in fluid communication with the power generation unit. The method may also include opening a first shut-off valve of the first plurality of valves. The first plurality of valves may be configured to selectively enable the first fuel source to be in fluid communication with the power generation unit. The method may also include opening a first progressive valve of the first plurality of valves to a first setpoint at a first rate. The first progressive valve may be configured to open gradually at a first rate to a first set point. The method may also include opening a first flow control valve of the first plurality of valves. The first flow control valve may be configured to adjust a first amount of fuel to be mixed with a second fuel. The method may further include mixing the first fuel with the second fuel to form a mixed fuel in the intake manifold prior to the mixed fuel entering the power generation unit.

Drawings

The present disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawing figures. It is emphasized that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary power generation unit in accordance with one or more embodiments.

Fig. 2 shows a flow diagram depicting a method for blending a first fuel from a first fuel source with a second fuel from a second fuel source in accordance with one or more embodiments disclosed.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following disclosure describes several exemplary embodiments, which can be used to implement various features, structures, or functions of the present invention. Exemplary embodiments of components, arrangements and configurations are described below to simplify the present disclosure; however, these exemplary embodiments are provided only as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Additionally, in various exemplary embodiments and throughout the figures provided herein, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various exemplary embodiments and/or configurations discussed in the various figures. Moreover, in the description that follows, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed interposing the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. Finally, the exemplary embodiments presented below may be combined in any combination, i.e., any element from one exemplary embodiment may be used in any other exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Additionally, certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular components. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various individuals may refer to the same components by different names, and therefore, the naming convention for the elements described herein is not intended to limit the scope of the invention unless specifically defined herein. Furthermore, the naming convention used herein is not intended to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. Additionally, in the following discussion and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "including, but not limited to. All numerical values in this disclosure may be exact or approximate unless otherwise specifically stated. Accordingly, various embodiments of the disclosure may deviate from the numbers, values, and ranges disclosed herein without departing from the intended scope. Furthermore, as used in the claims or the specification, the term "or" is intended to cover both exclusive and inclusive, i.e., "a or B" is intended to be synonymous with "at least one of a and B," unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary power generation system 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments. The power generation system 100 may include a fuel control system 102 operatively coupled to a power generation unit 104, and may include a system load 106 in some embodiments. The power generation unit 104 may include an engine 108 configured to drive a system load 106. As shown in fig. 1, engine 108 may be an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold 110, an exhaust manifold 112, and a combustion chamber 114 positioned therebetween. The engine 108 may be, for example, a naturally aspirated or turbocharged multi-bank, series, or V-bank engine of any power output. The system load 106 may generally be a generator; however, other loads or machines are contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure, such as, for example, compressors, pumps, or the like.

Power generation system 100 may be in fluid communication with a plurality of fuel sources, including a pipeline fuel source 116 and an optional fuel source 118. In one or more embodiments, pipeline fuel source 116 may be a hydrocarbon well, a hydrocarbon storage tank, or a pipeline carrying hydrocarbons. In one or more embodiments, the optional fuel source 118 may be a landfill, sewage treatment plant, or the like. Thus, the power generation system 100 may be powered by pipeline fuel, alternative fuels, or a combination (e.g., a blend) thereof. In one or more embodiments, the alternative fuel may be methane or a methane-rich fuel, such as, for example, biogas or landfill gas. In another embodiment, the alternative fuel may be syngas. The pipeline fuel may be a fossil fuel, such as liquid oil or natural gas. In cases where the pipeline fuel source 116 may be located outside of the power generation unit 104, the pipeline fuel may typically be supplied from a third party, and thus, it may be desirable to power the power generation unit 104 as much as possible via alternative fuels.

As noted above, the fuel control system 102 may be operatively coupled to the power generation unit 104, and thus, the fuel control system 102 may be configured to regulate the fuel supplied to the engine 108 of the power generation unit 104 from the alternative fuel to a mixture of the alternative fuel and the pipeline fuel and to the pipeline fuel, or vice versa, while operating the engine 108 at maximum power, while maintaining exhaust emissions, and avoiding knock or misfiring of the engine 108. To this end, the fuel control system 102 may include, among other components, a controller 120, a plurality of valves 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, and a plurality of sensors 134 a-i.

Each of the plurality of valves 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 and the plurality of sensors 134a-i may be communicatively coupled with the controller 120 such that information relayed from the plurality of sensors 134a-i to the controller 120 may be utilized to determine instructions sent to one or more of the plurality of valves 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 via the controller 120 to adjust the amount of pipeline fuel and/or alternative fuel received by the power generation unit 104. Further, one or more of the plurality of valves 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 may send information (e.g., valve position) to the controller 120. In one or more embodiments, at least two of the plurality of valves 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 may be in communication with the controller 120 in both directions, thereby enabling information to be sent to the controller 120 and received from the controller 120.

Each of the fuel sources 116, 118 may be selectively fluidly coupled to the power generation unit 104 via the fuel control system 102. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, the pipeline fuel source 116 may be fluidly coupled with the power generation unit 104 via a Y-shaped intake manifold 136 and a series of lines 138a-c, which lines 138a-c are selectively fluidly coupled with one another via valves 122, 124, and 126 of the fuel control system 102. Accordingly, the optional fuel source 118 may be fluidly coupled to the power generation unit 104 via a Y-shaped intake manifold 136 and a series of lines 140a-c, which lines 140a-c are selectively fluidly coupled to one another via valves 128, 130, and 132 of the fuel control system 102.

Valve 122 may be fluidly coupled with a plumbing fuel source 116 via line 138a, and may be operatively coupled to controller 120 via a communication line 142. Although shown in wired communication via communication line 142, it will be understood that in at least one embodiment, valve 122 may be in wireless communication with controller 120. The valve 122 may be referred to as a shut-off valve and may be configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the pipeline fuel source 116 and the power generation unit 104. Similarly, valve 128 may be fluidly coupled with optional fuel source 118 via line 140a, and may be operatively coupled to controller 120 via communication line 144. Although shown in wired communication via communication line 144, it will be understood that in at least one embodiment, valve 128 may be in wireless communication with controller 120. The valve 128 may be referred to as a shut-off valve and may be configured to selectively prevent or enable fluid communication between the optional fuel source 118 and the power generation unit 104. In one or more embodiments, each of the valves 122, 128 may be configured to operate in either a fully open position or a fully closed position via instructions in the form of digital signals sent by the controller 120.

Valve 124 may be fluidly coupled with valve 122 via line 138b, and may be operatively coupled to controller 120 via communication line 146. Although shown in wired communication via communication line 146, it will be understood that, in at least one embodiment, valve 124 may be in wireless communication with controller 120. Valve 124 may be referred to as a progressive valve and may be configured to selectively progressively enable or prevent fluid communication between the ducted fuel source 116 and the power generation unit 104. Similarly, valve 130 may be fluidly coupled with valve 128 via line 140b, and may be operatively coupled to controller 120 via communication line 148. Although shown in wired communication via communication line 148, it will be understood that in at least one embodiment, the valve 130 may be in wireless communication with the controller 120. The valve 130 may be referred to as a progressive valve and may be configured to selectively progressively enable or prevent fluid communication between the alternative fuel source 118 and the power generation unit 104. In one or more embodiments, each of the valves 124, 130 may be configured to gradually open or close during a transition of the fuel supplied to the power generation unit 104 from the alternative fuel to a mixture of the alternative fuel and the pipeline fuel and to the pipeline fuel (or vice versa). Thus, the valves 124, 130 may be set to open or close at a rate that may vary during the opening or closing of the valves 124, 130. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the valves 124, 130 may be a ball control valve Type 3241 (Globe control valve Type 3241) manufactured by Samson Controls inc.

Valve 126 may be fluidly coupled to valve 124 via line 138c, and may be further fluidly coupled to power generation unit 104 via a Y-shaped intake manifold 136. Valve 126 may be operatively coupled to controller 120 via a communication line 150. Although shown in wired communication via communication line 150, it will be understood that in at least one embodiment, valve 126 may be in wireless communication with controller 120. The valve 126 may be referred to as an air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) flow control valve and may be configured to selectively control the amount of line fuel supplied to the power generation unit 104. Similarly, valve 132 may be fluidly coupled with valve 130 via line 140c, and may be further fluidly coupled with power generation unit 104 via a Y-shaped intake manifold 136. The valve 132 may be operatively coupled to the controller 120 via a communication line 152. While shown in wired communication via communication line 152, it will be understood that in at least one embodiment, valve 132 may be in wireless communication with controller 120. The valve 132 may be referred to as an air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) flow control valve and may be configured to selectively control the amount of the selectable fuel supplied to the power generation unit 104.

In one or more embodiments, each of the valves 126 and 132 may be a smart control valve (e.g., a smart valve) configured to control the flow of the respective fuel into the power generation unit 104. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the valves 126 and 132 may be a Tecjet or Raptor valve (hereinafter, "Tecjet valve") manufactured by Woodward Governor Company of Colinsto, Colorado. In one or more embodiments, the valves 126 and 132 may be different Tecjet valves based on the fuel type. Further, different types of alternative fuels may require different Tecjet valves depending on the type of alternative fuel provided.

A plurality of sensors 134a-i of the fuel control system 102 may be operatively coupled to the controller 120 and may be used to sense or detect various operating parameters of the power generation unit 104 to determine commands sent to the valves 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 to thereby control the flow of the plumbing and/or alternative fuel into the power generation unit 104. In one or more embodiments, one or more of the sensors 134a-i may detect or sense various operating parameters including, but not limited to, intake manifold pressure, intake manifold temperature, exhaust manifold pressure, engine speed, engine temperature, exhaust emissions, engine knock, engine load, engine timing, and engine coolant temperature. Further, one or more of the sensors may detect or sense fuel pressure, temperature, flow rate, and composition of each of the pipeline fuel and the alternative fuel. Further, one or more of the sensors 134a-i may be configured to sense or detect various operating parameters of the system load 106, and in the event the system load 106 is or includes a generator, one or more of the sensors 134a-i may sense or detect voltage, current, resistance, power, and frequency.

As shown in fig. 1, power generation unit 104 may include, in addition to engine 108, a mixer 154, a compressor 156, a turbocharger 158, a throttle 160, and an intercooler 162. The mixer 154 may be fluidly coupled to the Y-shaped intake manifold 136 and may be configured to receive pipeline fuel, alternative fuel, or a mixture thereof. The mixture of duct fuel and optional fuel may be mixed just by contacting each other as the fuel passes through the Y-shaped intake manifold 136 before entering the mixer 154. In other embodiments, the Y-shaped intake manifold 136 may include a venturi (venturi) structure (not shown) to facilitate mixing of the fuel.

In the mixer 154, the fuel received therein may be mixed with air provided from an air source 164 and supplied to the mixer 154 via a line 166. The fuel and air may be mixed together in the mixer 154 to form a fuel mixture. In at least one embodiment, the mixer 154 may include a nozzle (not shown) and may be positioned upstream of the engine 108. After mixing, the fuel mixture may flow into a compressor 156, which compressor 156 may be fluidly connected to mixer 154 and disposed downstream of mixer 154. The compressor 156 may be configured to compress the fuel mixture to a pressure suitable for combustion of the fuel mixture. The compressed fuel mixture may be supplied to an intercooler 162, which intercooler 162 may be positioned downstream of, and fluidly coupled to, compressor 156. The intercooler 162 may be configured to further cool the compressed fuel mixture prior to combustion. The cooled compressed fuel mixture may be supplied to a throttle 160, which throttle 160 may be positioned downstream of an intercooler 162 and compressor 156, and upstream of the intake manifold 110 of the engine 108.

Throttle valve 160 may be configured to control the rate of fuel mixture entering intake manifold 110. As shown in fig. 1, controller 120 may be operatively coupled to throttle valve 160 via communication line 168. Although shown in wired communication via communication line 168, it will be understood that in at least one embodiment, throttle valve 160 may be in wireless communication with controller 120. In one or more embodiments, bypass line 170 may extend from a first point 172 downstream of mixer 154 to a second point 174 downstream of intercooler 162 and upstream of throttle valve 160. A bypass valve 176 may be fluidly connected to the bypass line 170 and configured to selectively direct the fuel mixture away from the compressor 156 and the intercooler 162. As shown in fig. 1, the controller 120 may be operatively coupled to the bypass valve 176 via a communication line 178. Although shown in wired communication via communication line 178, it will be understood that in at least one embodiment, bypass valve 176 may be in wireless communication with controller 120.

Intake manifold 110 of engine 108 may receive a fuel mixture provided thereto via throttle 160. The fuel mixture may be injected into a combustion chamber 114 of the engine 108, where the fuel mixture may combust to generate useful mechanical energy, such as shaft rotation. The shaft rotation may drive the system load 106. In one or more embodiments, the shaft rotation may drive a generator, whereby the generator may generate electrical energy to power the components of the power generation system 100. In one or more embodiments, the generator may be coupled to an electrical grid and may supply electrical energy thereto. Exhaust products from combustion within the combustion chamber 114 of the engine 108 may exit from the exhaust manifold 112 and enter the turbocharger 158. Turbocharger 158 may convert a pressure drop in the exhaust products flowing therethrough into mechanical energy that may be used to drive compressor 156 via a rotating shaft 180 that couples turbocharger 158 and compressor 156.

Based on the foregoing disclosure, exemplary operation of the power generation system 100 during a transition of fuel supplied to the engine 108 of the power generation unit 104 from alternative fuel to a mixture of alternative fuel and pipeline fuel and to pipeline fuel (or vice versa) will be disclosed. As will be apparent from the following, the transition from the first fuel source to the mixing of the first fuel source and the second fuel source and to the second fuel source may occur without reducing the power output of the engine 108 and without excessive exhaust emissions, engine knock, or misfiring of the engine 108. In such a transition, the engine 108 may initially operate with alternative fuel supplied via the alternative fuel source 118. Accordingly, each of valves 128, 132, and 134 may be opened such that engine 108 is operating at maximum power output, and each of valves 122, 124, and 126 may be closed, thereby preventing conduit fuel from conduit fuel source 116 from entering engine 108.

The transition may be initiated by one or more of the sensors 138a-i providing information indicative of one or more operating parameters of the engine 108 and/or the system load 106 to the controller 120. The operating parameter may be any operating parameter that may be detected by one or more of the sensors 138 a-i. For example, the operating parameter may be fuel pressure. The controller 120 may receive information indicative of one or more operating parameters and may process the information in one or more processors (one shown as 182) included therein. The processor(s) 182 may be programmed to compare the received information to desired engine operating parameters, which may be manually or automatically stored in a database (not shown) accessible by the processor 182, or may be calculated by the processor 182 as programmed. For example, the received information may be a fuel pressure of the alternative fuel, which may be determined by the processor(s) 182 to be less than a desired fuel pressure for operation of the engine 108 at maximum power with the alternative fuel. In such examples, the controller 120 may then determine from the comparison that an amount of duct fuel should be added to maintain operation of the engine 108 at maximum power.

In the event that a comparison of the received information with the desired operating parameter(s) of the engine 108 is determined by the controller 120 to ensure that the fuel supplied to the engine 108 of the power generation unit 104 is transitioned from alternative fuel to pipeline fuel, the controller 120 may send corresponding instructions to the valves 122, 124, and 126. For example, the controller 120 may send a command to the valve 122 to open. Since the valve 122 may be referred to as a shut-off valve, the open command causes the valve 122 to be fully open. The controller 120 may also send instructions to the valve 124 to begin opening at a first or initial rate. Since valve 124 may be referred to as a progressive valve, valve 124 may begin to open to an initial set point at an initial rate. The controller 120 may also send instructions to the valve 126 to open to provide pipeline fuel to the mixer 152 at a desired rate to provide a fuel mixture having a desired air-to-fuel ratio. Since the valve 126 may be an AFR valve, a command to open the valve 126 may cause the valve 126 to be configured to provide fuel to the mixer 154 at a desired rate.

Before opening the valve 126, the controller 120 may send another instruction to the valve 124 to change the opening rate of the valve 124 to a second rate, which may be slower than the initial opening rate of the valve 124. Accordingly, the first set point may be changed to the second set point. By slowing opening valve 124 before opening valve 126, any leakage of duct fuel flowing through valve 126 may be reduced, thereby slowing the introduction of gas into engine 108, and maintaining exhaust emissions at a predetermined level, thereby avoiding a sharp increase in exhaust emissions. The valve 124 may continue to open until a fully open position is reached. After opening valves 124 and 126, controller 120 may send additional commands to valve 126 to increase the AFR to reach the final desired rate of pipeline fuel provided to engine 108, such that engine 108 may be able to operate only on pipeline fuel.

Accordingly, the controller 120 may send corresponding commands to the valves 128, 130, and 132. The controller 120 may send a command to the valve 130 to begin closing at an initial rate. The controller 120 can send another instruction to the valve 130 to begin closing at a second rate at a specified time interval. The second rate may be faster than the initial shutdown rate. By closing the valve 130 at a slower initial rate, large jumps in air pressure can be avoided, resulting in the avoidance of misfires. Controller 120 may send additional instructions to valves 128 and 132 to close, thereby closing each of valves 128, 130, and 132 and preventing the flow of alternative fuel to engine 108. Thus, the engine 108 may operate on pipeline fuel only, and the transition may occur without reducing the power output of the engine 108 during the transition, and without excessive exhaust emissions, misfiring of the engine, or engine knock. For the sake of brevity, the transition of fuel supplied to the engine 108 from pipeline fuel to alternative fuel will not be discussed in detail; however, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that its operation will be similar to that disclosed above.

Turning now to fig. 2 with continued reference to fig. 1, fig. 2 shows a flow diagram depicting a method 200 for blending a first fuel from a first fuel source with a second fuel from a second fuel source, in accordance with one or more embodiments disclosed. The method 200 may include: flowing a second fuel from a second fuel source to the power generation unit through a second plurality of valves configured to selectively enable the second fuel source to be in fluid communication with the power generation unit, as at 202. The method 200 may also include opening a first shut-off valve of a first plurality of valves configured to selectively enable the first fuel source to be in fluid communication with the power generation unit, as at 204.

The method 200 may also include opening a first progressive valve of the first plurality of valves to a first set point at a first rate, the first progressive valve configured to open to the first set point gradually at the first rate, as at 206. The method 200 may also include opening a first flow control valve of the first plurality of valves, the first flow control valve configured to adjust a first amount of fuel to be mixed with a second fuel, as at 208. The method 200 may also include mixing the first fuel with the second fuel to form a mixed fuel in the intake manifold, as at 210, prior to the mixed fuel entering the power generation unit.

The method 200 may also include, prior to opening the first flow control valve, opening a first progressive valve of the first plurality of valves to a second setpoint at a second rate, the first progressive valve configured to open to the second setpoint progressively at the second rate, and the second rate being less than the first rate. The method 200 may further include: detecting an operating parameter of the power generation unit via a sensor communicatively coupled to the controller; comparing, via the controller, the operating parameter detected by the sensor to another operating parameter; and transmitting, via the controller, instructions to open at least one of the first shut-off valve, the first progressive valve, and the first flow control valve based on a comparison of the operating parameter detected by the sensor to another operating parameter.

The first stop valve, the first progressive valve, and the first flow control valve may be fluidly coupled in series between the first fuel source and the intake manifold, and the second plurality of valves may include a second stop valve, a second progressive valve, and a second flow control valve fluidly coupled in series between the second fuel source and the intake manifold, as provided in method 200. Further, as provided in method 200, the first flow control valve may be a smart valve capable of sending information to the controller relating to an operating parameter of the first flow control valve, and the first shut-off valve may be configured to be in a fully open position or a fully closed position.

The foregoing has outlined features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.