Preparation method of aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing
阅读说明：本技术 增材再制造用铝硅丝材的制备方法 (Preparation method of aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing ) 是由 王晓明 朱胜 常青 林鑫 杨海欧 邱六 周克兵 韩国峰 赵阳 任智强 王文宇 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种增材再制造用铝硅丝材的制备方法,包括以下步骤：①熔炼得到均匀合金液；②精炼处理；③浇铸得到合金毛坯铸锭；④除皮处理；⑤将步骤④所得铸锭经保温处理后进行锻造,得到直径为45～55mm的铝棒；⑥将步骤⑤得到的铝棒保温进行人工时效处理,热挤压得到直径为5.5～6.5mm的铝杆；⑦对步骤⑥得到的铝杆先进行退火处理,然后分步拉拔得到直径为1～1.5mm的铝硅合金丝材。本发明通过浇铸—锻造—挤压—拉拔多个工序进行丝材制备,高温锻造和热挤压工艺的结合能够充分消除内部缺陷,同时还经过多次热处理,使得材料均匀致密,综合力学性能有较大提高,在同等焊接条件下制备得到的成型层性能更优。(The invention discloses a preparation method of aluminum-silicon wires for additive remanufacturing, which comprises the following steps of smelting ① to obtain uniform alloy liquid, refining ②, casting ③ to obtain an alloy blank ingot, removing ④ peels, forging ⑤ after heat preservation of the ingot obtained in the step ④ to obtain an aluminum rod with the diameter of 45-55 mm, carrying out heat preservation on the aluminum rod obtained in the step ⑤ by ① 0 for artificial aging treatment, carrying out hot extrusion to obtain an aluminum rod with the diameter of 5.5-6.5 mm, carrying out annealing treatment on the aluminum rod obtained in the step ⑥ by ⑦, and then carrying out step-by-step drawing to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy wires with the diameter of 1-1.5 mm.)
1, kinds of increase material refabrication uses the preparation method of the aluminium silicon wire, characterized by including the following steps:
① weighing required amount of raw materials according to the chemical composition of the aluminum silicon wire material, adding into a crucible, and smelting at 750-800 ℃ to obtain uniform alloy liquid;
② refining agent C2Cl6Adding the alloy into the alloy liquid for refining treatment;
③ casting the refined alloy liquid obtained in step ② to obtain an alloy blank ingot;
④, peeling the blank ingot casting obtained in the step ③ by a milling machine to obtain a bright ingot casting;
⑤, forging the cast ingot obtained in the step ④ after heat preservation treatment to obtain an aluminum bar with the diameter of 45-55 mm;
⑥, performing artificial aging treatment on the aluminum bar obtained in the step ⑤, performing heat preservation on a die at the same temperature, and performing hot extrusion on the aluminum bar to obtain an aluminum rod with the diameter of 5.5-6.5 mm;
⑦, annealing the aluminum rod obtained in the step ⑥, and then drawing the aluminum rod step by step to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy wire with the diameter of 1-1.5 mm.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon wire for additive remanufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum block, the other metals, the rare earth element and the silicon powder are sequentially added into the crucible in step ①.
3. The method for manufacturing the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing according to claim 1, wherein an addition amount of the refining agent in the step ② is 0.15 to 0.3% by weight of the alloy liquid.
4. The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon wire for additive remanufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the casting temperature in the step ③ is 700 ℃ to 750 ℃, and the casting speed is 10mm/s to 20 mm/s.
5. The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the heat preservation temperature of step ⑤ is 450-500 ℃, and the time is 50-60 min.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the bright ingot in step ④ is 100mm, and the diameter of the bright ingot in step ⑤ is 100 mm-75 mm-60 mm-45-55 mm in the forging step.
7. The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the man-made work efficiency temperature in step ⑥ is 450-500 ℃, and the aging time is 25-30 min.
8. The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon wire for additive remanufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the annealing temperature in step ⑦ is 380-400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 hours.
9. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon wire for additive remanufacturing according to claim 8, comprising: the drawing speed was 1.5 m/min.
10. The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing according to claim 9, wherein annealing is performed after every times of drawing, the annealing temperature is 380-400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 hours.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of aluminum silicon wires for additive remanufacturing.
Background
The aluminum alloy has series advantages of low density, high specific strength and rigidity, good electrical and thermal conductivity and the like, and is applied to fields of aviation, aerospace, mechanical manufacturing, automobiles and the like.
For structural defects such as defects, block dropping and the like of aluminum alloy parts in application, the performance of the aluminum alloy parts is recovered by adopting an electric arc cladding additive repair method, so that wires used for forming play a decisive role in the quality of the repair performance.
At present, the traditional aluminum alloy wire is prepared by rolling and cold drawing methods in China, and the prepared wire has the performance that the wire is broken in use and is difficult to meet the use requirement.
Chinese patent document CN 108531788A (application No. 201810532500.8) discloses a method for manufacturing silicon-aluminum alloy welding wire rods for spaceflight, which comprises the steps of smelting , casting, forming ingots with the diameter of 172mm +/-2 mm, sawing, namely sawing the ingots with the diameter of 172mm +/-2 mm obtained in the step two to obtain ingots with the length of 500 mm-510 mm, turning, removing oxidized skins on the surfaces of the ingots to obtain ingots with the diameter of 162mm +/-2 mm, preheating, namely placing the ingots with the diameter of 162mm +/-2 mm obtained in the step four into a resistance heating furnace, heating to the temperature of 400-430 ℃ to obtain preheated ingots, extruding, forming, extruding, forming, annealing, drawing, annealing, drawing, annealing for a wire rod drawing, cooling for a wire rod for a time of a wire rod drawing, cooling, a wire rod for a time of 360 hours, a wire rod for a ninth time of 10 hours, a wire rod drawing, a wire rod with a wire rod drawing, a wire rod with a wire rod for 10-10 hours, a wire rod drawing, a wire rod for 10-10 hours, a wire rod for 10 hours, a length of 500mm, a diameter of 500mm, a length of 500mm +/-2 mm, a length of 500 mm.
The method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out hot extrusion on a cast ingot to obtain a wire rod with the diameter of 12mm, annealing and then stretching twice to obtain the silicon-aluminum alloy welding wire rod for spaceflight. The eutectic silicon in the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained by the method is in a thick strip shape, segregation occurs locally to form massive primary crystal silicon, and the continuity of a severe cutting matrix in a silicon enrichment area causes local stress concentration, so that the mechanical property of the alloy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of aluminum silicon wires for additive remanufacturing.
The technical scheme for achieving the purpose of the invention is that the preparation method of aluminum silicon wires for additive remanufacturing comprises the following steps:
① weighing the required amount of raw materials according to the chemical composition of the aluminum silicon wire material, adding the raw materials into a crucible, and smelting at 750-800 ℃ to obtain uniform alloy liquid.
② refining agent C2Cl6Adding the alloy into the molten alloy for refining treatment.
③ casting the refined alloy liquid in
④ and peeling the blank ingot casting obtained in the step ③ by a milling machine to obtain a bright ingot casting.
⑤, forging the cast ingot obtained in the step ④ after heat preservation treatment, and obtaining an aluminum bar with the diameter of 45-55 mm after forging.
⑥, performing artificial aging treatment on the aluminum bar obtained in the step ⑤, performing heat preservation on a die at the same temperature, and performing hot extrusion on the aluminum bar to obtain an aluminum rod with the diameter of 5.5-6.5 mm.
⑦, annealing the aluminum rod obtained in the
In
In
In the step ③, the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃, and the casting speed is 10-20 mm/s.
And ⑤, keeping the temperature at 450-500 ℃ for 50-60 min.
In step ④, the diameter of the bright ingot is 100mm, and in step ⑤, the diameter of the bright ingot is 100 mm-75 mm-60 mm-45-55 mm.
In
In the step ⑦, the annealing temperature is 380-400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h.
The drawing speed of step ⑦ was 1.5 m/min.
⑦, annealing after drawing every times, wherein the annealing temperature is 380-400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h.
The invention has the positive effects that: the invention carries out wire preparation through a plurality of procedures of casting, forging, extruding and drawing, the combination of high-temperature forging and hot extrusion process can fully eliminate internal defects, and meanwhile, the invention also carries out a plurality of heat treatments, so that the material is uniform and compact, the comprehensive mechanical property is greatly improved, and the performance of the formed layer prepared under the same welding condition is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing graph showing the tensile strength of a clad layer obtained by welding aluminum silicon wire rods manufactured by the methods of examples 1 and 2.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing hardness curves of the Al-Si wire rods welded to the Al-Si wire rods obtained in examples 1 and 2.
Detailed Description
(example 1)
The aluminum-silicon wire for additive remanufacturing prepared in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12 percent of silicon, 0.3 percent of other metals, 0.2 percent of rare earth elements, impurities with the total amount not exceeding 0.05 percent, and the balance of aluminum. The other metal in this embodiment is chromium. In this example, the rare earth element is Er.
The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing comprises the following steps:
① weighing the required amount of high-purity aluminum block (purity 99.999%), high-purity silicon powder, pure chromium and rare earth element according to the chemical components of the aluminum-silicon wire material by an electronic balance, adding the aluminum block, the pure chromium, the rare earth element and the silicon powder into a crucible in sequence, and smelting at 750-800 ℃ to obtain uniform alloy liquid.
② refining with nitrogenRefining agent C2Cl6Adding the alloy into the alloy liquid for refining treatment; the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.15-0.3% of the weight of the alloy liquid.
③ casting the refined alloy liquid in the
④ the ingot from step ③ was dehulled using a milling machine to produce a bright ingot 100mm in diameter weighing 5 Kg.
⑤ forging the ingot of step ④ after heat preservation.
Wherein the temperature is 450-500 deg.C (480 deg.C in this embodiment), and the time is 50-60 min (55 min in this embodiment).
The forging step is 100 mm-75 mm-60 mm-50 mm, and finally the aluminum bar with the diameter of 50mm is obtained, the surface is removed after forging, and the weight of the aluminum bar is 3.5 Kg.
⑥, performing artificial aging treatment on the aluminum bar obtained in the step ⑤ at the aging temperature of 450-500 ℃ (480 ℃ in the embodiment), and the aging time of 25-30 min (30 min in the embodiment), performing heat preservation on an extrusion die at the same temperature, and performing hot extrusion on the aluminum bar subjected to the artificial aging treatment to obtain an aluminum rod with the diameter of 6 mm.
⑦ annealing the aluminum rod obtained in
Then, the aluminum-silicon alloy wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is obtained by step drawing:
drawing 6mm aluminum rod to 3mm by drawing times to obtain times drawn wire with a drawing speed of 1.5 m/min.
And (3) annealing the th drawn wire at 380-400 ℃ (400 ℃ in the embodiment) for 1.5-2 h (2 h in the embodiment).
And (3) carrying out secondary drawing on the annealed wire rod, and reducing the diameter to 1.2mm by drawing at the drawing speed of 1.5 m/min.
And annealing the wire material with the diameter of 1.2mm to obtain the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing, wherein the annealing temperature is 380-400 ℃ (400 ℃ in the embodiment), and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h (2 h in the embodiment).
(example 2)
The aluminum-silicon wire for additive remanufacturing prepared in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7 percent of silicon, 0.2 percent of chromium, 0.3 percent of rare earth element Er, impurities with the total amount not more than 0.05 percent, and the balance of aluminum.
The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing comprises the following steps:
① weighing the required amount of high-purity aluminum block (purity 99.999%), high-purity silicon powder, pure chromium and Al-Er alloy according to the chemical components of the aluminum-silicon wire material by an electronic balance, adding the aluminum block, the pure chromium, the rare earth element and the silicon powder into a crucible in sequence, and smelting at 750-800 ℃ to obtain uniform alloy liquid.
② refining agent C was mixed with nitrogen2Cl6Adding the alloy into the alloy liquid for refining treatment; the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.15 percent of the weight of the alloy liquid.
③ casting the refined alloy liquid in the
④ the ingot from step ③ was dehulled using a milling machine to produce a bright ingot 100mm in diameter weighing 5 Kg.
⑤ forging the ingot of step ④ after heat preservation.
Wherein the heat preservation temperature is 450 ℃ and the time is 60 min.
The forging step is 100 mm-75 mm-60 mm-45 mm, and finally, an aluminum bar with the diameter of 45mm is obtained, the surface of the aluminum bar is removed after forging, and the weight of the aluminum bar is 3.5 Kg.
⑥, performing artificial aging treatment on the aluminum bar obtained in the step ⑤ at the aging temperature of 450 ℃ for 30min, performing heat preservation on an extrusion die at the same temperature, and performing hot extrusion on the aluminum bar subjected to the artificial aging treatment to obtain an aluminum rod with the diameter of 5.5 mm.
⑦ annealing the ⑥ aluminum rod at 380 deg.C for 1.5 h.
Then, the aluminum-silicon alloy wire with the diameter of 1.5mm is obtained by step drawing:
drawing 6mm aluminum rod to 3mm by drawing times to obtain times drawn wire with a drawing speed of 1.5 m/min.
And (5) annealing the th drawn wire at 380 ℃ for 1.5 h.
And (3) carrying out secondary drawing on the annealed wire rod, and reducing the diameter to 1.5mm by drawing at the drawing speed of 1.5 m/min.
And annealing the wire material with the diameter of 1.5mm to obtain the aluminum-silicon wire material for additive remanufacturing, wherein the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 h.
(test example 1) mechanical Properties of aluminum-silicon wire Material
The Al-Si wires obtained in examples 1 and 2 were tested in accordance with GB2651-89, and the results are shown below.
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