阅读说明：本技术 一种节能环保安全的液体燃料 (energy-saving, environment-friendly and safe liquid fuel ) 是由 谢雅琴 徐克强 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及新能源技术领域,具体涉及到一种节能环保安全的液体燃料。所述液体燃料中含有如下成分：柴油35.0～36.0wt％、棕榈酸甲酯3.0～3.5wt％、亚油酸甲酯19.0-20.0wt％、油酸甲酯23.0～24.0wt％、硬脂酸甲酯5.0～6.0wt％、二十二烷酸甲酯2.5～3.5wt％、脂肪酸10.0～11.0wt％。所述液体燃料在具有较高的闪点的同时,还具有相对较低、较合理的运动粘度,能保证对发动机燃油供给系统有较好的润滑性,保证有较好的雾化性能和供给量,能充分燃烧为机动车提供更高的能量。而且由于具有较高的闪点,在储存和使用过程中的安全性能得到显著的改善。而且由于本发明中液体燃料的原料均可来自于大豆油、花生油、玉米油等植物油或者废弃油(地沟油等)等,因此节能环保,减少对不可再生资源的国度开采和利用。(The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to energy-saving, environment-friendly and safe liquid fuels, which contain 35.0-36.0 wt% of diesel oil, 3.0-3.5 wt% of methyl palmitate, 19.0-20.0 wt% of methyl linoleate, 23.0-24.0 wt% of methyl oleate, 5.0-6.0 wt% of methyl stearate, 2.5-3.5 wt% of methyl behenate and 10.0-11.0 wt% of fatty acid.)

1, energy-saving, environment-friendly and safe liquid fuels, which are characterized by comprising 3-5 wt% of methyl palmitate and 2-5 wt% of methyl behenate.

2. An energy-saving environment-friendly safe liquid fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid fuel further comprises methyl linoleate in an amount of at least 18 wt%.

3. The energy-saving environment-friendly safe liquid fuel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the liquid fuel further contains 21-25 wt% of methyl oleate.

4. The energy-saving environment-friendly safe liquid fuel as claimed in claim 3, wherein the liquid fuel further contains 4-8 wt% of methyl stearate.

5. The energy-saving environment-friendly safe liquid fuel as claimed in claim 4, wherein the liquid fuel further contains 8-13 wt% of fatty acid.

6. The energy-saving environment-friendly safe liquid fuel as claimed in any of claims 1-5, wherein the contents of the methyl palmitate and the methyl behenate are the same.

7. The energy-saving environment-friendly safe liquid fuel as claimed in claim 4, wherein the content of the methyl stearate in the liquid fuel is not more than 6 wt%.

8. The energy-saving, environmentally friendly and safe liquid fuel of claim 5, wherein the fatty acid comprises an unsaturated fatty acid in an amount of at least 35 wt% based on the total fatty acid content.

9. The energy-saving environment-friendly safe liquid fuel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the content of the methyl linoleate is 18-22 wt%.

10. An energy-saving environment-friendly safe liquid fuel as claimed in any of claims 1-9, applied in the field of automobiles.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to energy-saving, environment-friendly and safe liquid fuels.

Background

The energy crisis word is more and more frequently mentioned by experts of various countries, according to related evaluation reports, traditional petroleum resources in the world are exhausted after 40 years according to the current speed, along with the increasing depletion of the petroleum resources, the competition of various countries in the world for the petroleum energy is more violent in the future, in order to solve the problem of non-regeneration of the petroleum, various countries begin to search for alternative energy, the biodiesel is clean fuels capable of replacing the petroleum, is green energy, the methyl palmitate is a main component in the biodiesel and is an important organic chemical raw material, the urea inclusion method is means for separating, purifying or highly enriching aliphatic compounds, and the saturated fatty acid methyl ester and the unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester in the biodiesel can be separated by using the urea inclusion method, so that the deep processing of the biodiesel is facilitated, and the economic value of the biodiesel is improved.

At present, soybean and rape are the main raw materials for producing biodiesel internationally, for example, soybean oil is used as a raw material in the United states, rapeseed poise is used in Europe, but the raw material for preparing biodiesel by using edible oil as a raw material will inevitably aggravate the global food competition problem, so that non-edible oil plant resources capable of developing biodiesel are actively searched for in all countries. Therefore, there is a need to develop a liquid fuel with high stability, energy saving, environmental protection and safety for use in the automotive field.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the aspect of the invention provides energy-saving, environment-friendly and safe liquid fuels, wherein the liquid fuels contain 3-5 wt% of methyl palmitate and 2-5 wt% of methyl behenate.

preferable technical proposal, the liquid fuel also contains methyl linoleate, the content of which is at least 18 wt%.

As preferred technical schemes, the liquid fuel also contains 21-25 wt% of methyl oleate.

preferable technical proposal, the liquid fuel also contains 4-8 wt% of methyl stearate.

preferable technical proposal, the liquid fuel also contains 8-13 wt% of fatty acid.

As preferred technical schemes, the contents of the methyl palmitate and the methyl behenate are the same.

As preferred technical solutions, the content of methyl stearate in the liquid fuel is not more than 6 wt%.

preferred embodiments, the fatty acid comprises an unsaturated fatty acid in an amount of at least 35 wt% of the total fatty acid content.

As preferable technical schemes, the content of the methyl linoleate is 18-22 wt%.

A second aspect of the invention provides the use of an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and safe liquid fuel as described above in the automotive field.

The liquid fuel has relatively low and reasonable kinematic viscosity while having a high flash point, can ensure good lubricity for an engine fuel supply system, ensures good atomization performance and supply quantity, and can be fully combusted to provide higher energy for a motor vehicle. And the safety performance during storage and use is remarkably improved due to the higher flash point. In addition, as the raw materials of the liquid fuel can be all from vegetable oil such as soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil and the like or waste oil (swill-cooked dirty oil and the like), the liquid fuel is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and national exploitation and utilization of non-renewable resources are reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of a liquid fuel as it is in example 1.

FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of the liquid fuel as it is in example 1.

Fig. 3 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of the liquid fuel after being dried in example 1.

FIG. 4 is a GC-MS spectrum of a liquid fuel stock as in example 1.

FIG. 5 is an MS mass spectrum of the liquid fuel as it is in example 1.

Detailed Description

While the invention has been described in terms of providing a more complete description of the technical features of the technical solutions of the present invention as steps in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a partial embodiment of the invention and not a full embodiment.

It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein by .

Moreover, the recitation of or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.

When an equivalent, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range defined by the series of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pairing of any upper range limit or preferred value with any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed.

Thus, "" or "" should be read to include or at least , and elements or components in the singular also include the plural unless the number expressly indicates that the singular is meant.

The aspect of the invention provides energy-saving, environment-friendly and safe liquid fuels, wherein the liquid fuels contain 3-5 wt% of methyl palmitate and 2-5 wt% of methyl behenate.

Preferably, the contents of the methyl palmitate and the methyl behenate are the same.

The liquid fuel contains diesel oil, and the components such as the methyl palmitate and the methyl behenate are added into the diesel oil to prepare the liquid fuel. Methyl palmitate is also known as methyl palmitate, CAS number: 112-39-0, which is a biomass material formed by esterifying saturated hexadecane straight-chain saturated fatty acid with methanol. Methyl behenate, CAS number: 929-77-1 is a biomass material obtained by esterifying a linear saturated fatty acid containing twelve carbon atoms with methanol. The methyl palmitate and methyl behenate of the present invention may be prepared by chemical methods such as esterification methods well known to those skilled in the art. Or vegetable oil such as soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil and the like or waste oil (swill-cooked dirty oil and the like) can be used as raw materials and prepared by the steps of esterification, separation and purification and the like.

In preferred embodiments, the liquid fuel further comprises methyl linoleate in an amount of at least 18 wt%.

Preferably, the content of the methyl linoleate is 18-22 wt%.

Methyl linoleate also called (Z, Z) -9, 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, cis-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester and the like in the invention has CAS number: 112-63-0, is a biomass material prepared by esterification of octadecane (linoleic acid) straight-chain unsaturated fatty acid and methanol. Has the following molecular structure:

in preferred embodiments, the liquid fuel further comprises 21-25 wt% methyl oleate.

preferably, the content of methyl linoleate is 19.0-20.0 wt% and the content of methyl oleate is 23.0-24.0 wt%.

Methyl oleate in the present invention is also known as cis-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, CAS number: 112-62-9, the methyl oleate of the invention may be synthesized by chemical methods well known to those skilled in the art. For example, from esterification of methanol with oleic acid. Mixing oleic acid and methanol, adding catalyst concentrated sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, and heating and refluxing for 10 h. Cooling, neutralizing with sodium methoxide to pH of 8-9 deg.C, washing with water to neutrality, drying with anhydrous calcium chloride, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain methyl oleate. Or vegetable oil such as soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil and the like or waste oil (swill-cooked dirty oil and the like) can be used as raw materials and prepared by the steps of esterification, separation and purification and the like.

In the invention, the molecular structures of the methyl oleate and the methyl linoleate contain a plurality of unsaturated double bonds, and the positions of the unsaturated double bonds are biased to the middle of a carbon chain. Since the bond energy of the carbon-carbon double bond is about 615KJ/mol, the bond energy of the carbon-carbon single bond is about 347.8KJ/mol, and the bond energy of the carbon-carbon hydrogen bond is about 414.8KJ/mol, the higher the bond energy, the less likely the chain segment will break during combustion, and the lower the ignition point. And the double bond positions in the molecular chain of the compound are biased to the middle, and the compound is easy to break to generate cyclohexane, and the asymmetric reaction of the cyclohexane is easy to generate benzene rings, so that the cetane number of the liquid fuel is reduced. Moreover, since pi bonds in double bonds are unhybridized orbitals of bonding atoms, covalent triple bonds are formed by parallel and lateral overlapping, and pi bonds are less stable than sigma bonds and are easily damaged by oxidizing agents, thereby reducing stability in air, and the higher the temperature, the better the stability. Therefore, the contents of methyl oleate and methyl linoleate cannot be too high, otherwise the ignition performance of the liquid fuel is reduced, and the combustion effect is influenced.

The applicant finds that after the contents of the methyl oleate and the methyl linoleate are too low, the viscosity and the low-temperature fluidity of the obtained liquid fuel are remarkably reduced, and the use performance of the liquid fuel is influenced. It is possible that the unsaturated double bonds in the methyl oleate and methyl linoleate are cis-structures, which makes the hydrocarbon chains of the unsaturated fatty acids bend by about 30 degrees, interfering with the effective space filling when they are stacked, and as a result, the van der waals interaction force is reduced, so that the components in the liquid fuel can flow well, and the flow characteristics can be maintained even at a relatively low temperature, thereby widening the use environment of the liquid fuel.

In preferred embodiments, the liquid fuel further comprises 4-8 wt% of methyl stearate.

Preferably, the content of methyl stearate in the liquid fuel does not exceed 6 wt%; more preferably, the content of the methyl stearate in the liquid fuel is not more than 4-6 wt%.

The methyl stearate in the invention is also called methyl octadecanoate, and the structural formula is as follows:

CAS number: 112-61-8, is a biomass material obtained by esterifying saturated fatty acid with an eighteen carbon chain and methanol. The methyl stearate in the invention can be prepared by esterification known to those skilled in the art, or can be prepared by using vegetable oil such as soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, etc. or waste oil (swill-cooked dirty oil, etc.) as raw material, and performing esterification, separation and purification, etc.

In preferred embodiments, the liquid fuel further contains 8-13 wt% of fatty acid.

The fatty acid referred to in the present invention is a long aliphatic hydrocarbon chain containing carboxyl groups at the terminal, and is an organic substance, and the general formula of the linear saturated fatty acid is C (n) H (2n +1) COOH.

In , the fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid and/or an unsaturated fatty acid.

Preferably, the fatty acid is a fatty acid having at least 6 carbon atoms.

, the fatty acid is preferably a fatty acid with 6-22 carbon atoms.

More preferably , the fatty acids include unsaturated fatty acids in an amount of at least 35 wt% of the total fatty acid content;

, the content of fatty acid is 35-65 wt%.

Further , the unsaturated fatty acid is a mixture of crotonic acid (CAS: 3724-65-0), oleic acid and linoleic acid (CAS: 60-33-3).

, the mixture of crotonic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid contains crotonic acid in an amount of at least 25 wt% of the mixture.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the butenoic acid to the oleic acid to the linoleic acid is 1.2: 2: 1.

the applicant finds that when unsaturated fatty acid in liquid fuel accounts for at least 35 wt% of total fatty acid, the kinematic viscosity of the obtained liquid fuel can be reduced remarkably without reducing parameters such as flash point, etc. of the liquid fuel, the pumpability and physicochemical properties of the liquid fuel can be improved remarkably, and the combustion performance, stability, etc. of the liquid fuel can not be affected, probably because double bonds in the unsaturated fatty acid are almost always in cis-geometric configuration, so that the hydrocarbon chain of the unsaturated fatty acid is bent by about 30 degrees, C-C bonds can not rotate relatively freely, space is filled effectively when the molecular chain is stacked, van der Waals interaction force is reduced, and the difference between the molecular chains is reduced, so that the viscosity of the liquid fuel is avoided to a great extent.

In preferred embodiments, the liquid fuel comprises the following components:

in the invention, the diesel oil is not limited in any way, and all types of diesel oil known to those skilled in the art can be selected, including but not limited to light diesel oil (such as 5# diesel oil, 0# diesel oil, -10# diesel oil, -20# diesel oil, -35# diesel oil, -50# diesel oil), heavy diesel oil (such as 10# diesel oil, 20# diesel oil, 30# diesel oil) and the like.

The liquid fuel of the present invention may be prepared by a method known to those skilled in the art, for example, by physically blending the above-mentioned raw materials by weight.

A second aspect of the invention provides the use of an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and safe liquid fuel as described above in the automotive field.

The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention at , and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the present invention.

In addition, the starting materials used are all commercially available products, unless otherwise specified.