阅读说明：本技术 液体复合弹簧的刚度调节方法 (Rigidity adjusting method of liquid composite spring ) 是由 刘桂杰 卜继玲 丁行武 王永冠 夏彰阳 于 2019-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种液体复合弹簧的刚度调节方法,包括：步骤一,制备液体复合弹簧的通用的外套,以及若干不同类型的芯轴,不同类型的所述芯轴内设置不同类型的阻尼流道；步骤二,根据实际频率工况的要求,选取相应类型芯轴,以适应相应的刚度；将选取的芯轴组装在所述外套内,并在所述外套内安装金属橡胶主簧,金属橡胶主簧的上方分隔出上液体腔室,下方分隔出下液体腔室；其中,芯轴的阻尼流道连通所述上液体腔室和所述下液体腔室；步骤三,向上液体腔室和下液体腔室内充满液体,并在外套的下端通过密封件密封。本发明能够根据不同的频率工况调节刚度。(The invention relates to a rigidity adjusting method of liquid composite spring, which comprises the steps of , preparing a universal outer sleeve of the liquid composite spring and a plurality of mandrels of different types, wherein damping flow channels of different types are arranged in the mandrels of different types, secondly, selecting mandrels of corresponding types according to the requirements of actual frequency working conditions to adapt to corresponding rigidity, assembling the selected mandrels in the outer sleeve, arranging a metal rubber main spring in the outer sleeve, separating an upper liquid chamber above the metal rubber main spring and a lower liquid chamber below the metal rubber main spring, wherein the damping flow channels of the mandrels are communicated with the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber, and thirdly, filling liquid in the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber and sealing the lower end of the outer sleeve through a sealing element.)

The stiffness adjusting method of the liquid composite springs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

, preparing a universal outer sleeve of the liquid composite spring and a plurality of mandrels of different types, wherein damping flow channels of different types are arranged in the mandrels of different types;

secondly, selecting a corresponding type of mandrel according to the requirement of the actual frequency working condition so as to adapt to corresponding rigidity; assembling the selected mandrel in the outer sleeve, and installing a metal rubber main spring in the outer sleeve, wherein an upper liquid chamber is separated above the metal rubber main spring, and a lower liquid chamber is separated below the metal rubber main spring; the damping flow channel of the mandrel is communicated with the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber;

and step three, filling liquid into the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber, and sealing the lower end of the outer sleeve through a sealing element.

2. The stiffness adjusting method of a liquid composite spring according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of rubber bodies are vulcanized in sequence from the inside to the outside from the core shaft when the metal rubber main spring is installed, an annular spacer is provided between each rubber body, and the outermost rubber body is connected to the inner wall of the outer case.

3. The stiffness adjusting method of a liquid compound spring according to claim 2, wherein the damping flow passage is configured to communicate liquid between the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber and generate constant damping force during the flow.

4. The stiffness adjusting method of a liquid compound spring according to claim 3, wherein different types of damping flow passages have different lengths and cross-sectional areas; and the length-diameter ratio of different types of damping flow channels is different.

5. The stiffness adjusting method of a liquid composite spring according to claim 4, wherein the length-diameter ratio between the damping flow channels in all the prepared mandrels is set within a range of 12-110 with a tolerance of 5.

6. The stiffness adjusting method of the liquid composite spring according to claim 5, characterized in that corresponding types of mandrels are selected according to the requirements of actual frequency working conditions; the mandrel of the damping flow channel with the length-diameter ratio larger than 26 is selected under the low-frequency working condition, and the mandrel of the damping flow channel with the length-diameter ratio smaller than 26 is selected under the high-frequency working condition.

7. The liquid composite spring according to of claims 3-6, wherein the damping flow channel is disposed within the mandrel in a spiral pattern;

an opening at the upper end of the damping flow channel is axially arranged at the top end of the mandrel and is communicated with the upper liquid cavity; and the lower end opening of the damping flow channel is arranged at the lower part of the mandrel along the radial direction and is communicated with the lower liquid chamber.

8. The liquid composite spring as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mandrel comprises a mandrel inner core and a mandrel outer shell sleeved outside the mandrel inner core, a spiral channel is formed in the outer wall of the mandrel inner core, and when the mandrel inner core and the mandrel outer shell are assembled at , the channel forms a main body of the damping flow passage.

9. The liquid composite spring as defined in claim 8, wherein said mandrel shell is provided with a radially extending through hole, said through hole communicating said channel with said lower liquid chamber to form a lower end opening of said damping flow passage.

10. The method of adjusting the stiffness of a fluid composite spring according to claim 9, wherein the sealing member is made of a flexible material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to stiffness adjustment method for a liquid compound spring of a vehicle, in particular a railway vehicle.

Background

The traditional rubber conical spring is easy to obtain different rigidity values in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, has better nonlinear characteristics, and can better meet the axle box suspension requirement of .

Liquid composite spring compares and to avoid above-mentioned problem in rubber material, but liquid composite spring's cost is compared and is higher in rubber material, and the preparation is a plurality of liquid composite springs that are suitable for different frequency operating modes can increase the input cost for rubber material.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a rigidity adjusting method of liquid composite springs, which can adjust the rigidity according to different frequency working conditions.

The invention provides a rigidity adjusting method of liquid composite springs, which comprises the following steps:

the stiffness adjusting method of the liquid composite spring is characterized by comprising the following steps:

, preparing a universal outer sleeve of the liquid composite spring and a plurality of mandrels of different types, wherein damping flow channels of different types are arranged in the mandrels of different types;

secondly, selecting a corresponding type of mandrel according to the requirement of the actual frequency working condition so as to adapt to corresponding rigidity; assembling the selected mandrel in the outer sleeve, and installing a metal rubber main spring in the outer sleeve, wherein an upper liquid chamber is separated above the metal rubber main spring, and a lower liquid chamber is separated below the metal rubber main spring; the damping flow channel of the mandrel is communicated with the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber;

and step three, filling liquid into the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber, and sealing the lower end of the outer sleeve through a sealing element.

The improvement of is that when installing the metal rubber main spring, the multilayer rubber bodies are vulcanized from the core shaft from inside to outside in turn, a ring-shaped partition plate is arranged between each layer of rubber bodies, and the outermost layer of rubber body is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve.

A further improvement is that the damping flow path is configured to communicate fluid between the upper fluid chamber and the lower fluid chamber and to generate specific damping forces during flow.

A further improvement is that the different types of damping flow passages have different sizes and different configurations and that the damping flow passages within the different types of damping flow passages have different length to diameter ratios.

The improvement of is that the length-diameter ratio of the damping flow channels in all prepared mandrels is set within the range of 12-110 by taking 5 as a tolerance.

The improvement of the invention is that is characterized in that the mandrel of the corresponding type is selected according to the requirement of the actual frequency working condition, the mandrel of the damping flow channel with the length-diameter ratio larger than 26 is selected under the low frequency working condition, and the mandrel of the damping flow channel with the length-diameter ratio smaller than 26 is selected under the high frequency working condition.

A further improvement in accordance with the present invention is that the damper flow path is helically disposed within the mandrel;

an opening at the upper end of the damping flow channel is axially arranged at the top end of the mandrel and is communicated with the upper liquid cavity; and the lower end opening of the damping flow channel is arranged at the lower part of the mandrel along the radial direction and is communicated with the lower liquid chamber.

The improvement of the invention is that the mandrel comprises a mandrel inner core and a mandrel outer shell sleeved outside the mandrel inner core, wherein the outer wall of the mandrel inner core is provided with a spiral channel, and when the mandrel inner core and the mandrel outer shell are assembled at , the channel forms a main body of the damping flow channel.

A further improvement is that the mandrel shell has a radially extending through-hole that communicates between the channel and the lower liquid chamber to form a lower end opening of the damping flow path.

A further improvement is that the seal is made of a flexible material.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the rigidity adjusting method of the liquid composite spring can adjust the rigidity of the liquid composite spring according to the actual frequency requirement, so that the liquid composite spring can meet the vibration of various frequencies generated in the driving process of a vehicle. According to the method, different types of mandrels are prepared to meet different rigidity requirements, and the rigidity can be adjusted only by replacing the mandrels, so that the mandrels can be quickly replaced and the rigidity of the liquid composite spring can be adjusted.

In the rigidity adjusting method of the liquid composite spring, the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber are communicated through the damping flow channel of the mandrel, liquid can flow between the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber through the flow channel body, so that the vibration damping effect is enhanced, and the integral rigidity of the liquid composite spring can be changed by changing the type or the size of the flow channel body.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiments of a liquid compound spring according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment mandrel core according to the present invention;

figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural schematic view of an embodiment mandrel core according to the present invention.

In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.

The meaning of the reference symbols in the drawings is as follows: 1. mandrel, 2, outer sleeve, 3, upper liquid chamber, 4, lower liquid chamber, 11, damping flow channel, 12, mandrel inner core, 13, mandrel shell, 21, outer sleeve body, 22, sealing element, 23, metal rubber main spring, 24, metal ring, 25, groove, 26, rubber pad, 27, protruding structure, 31 and rubber body.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a stiffness adjustment method of liquid compound springs according to an embodiment of the invention.

The stiffness adjusting method of the liquid compound spring shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:

, preparing the outer sleeve 2 of the liquid composite spring, wherein the outer sleeve 2 has universality, the outer sleeves 2 of different liquid composite springs are the same, preparing a plurality of different types of mandrels 1, and arranging different types of damping flow channels 11 in the mandrels 1 of different types.

And step two, selecting the corresponding type of mandrel 1 according to the requirement of the actual frequency working condition. Assembling the selected mandrel 1 in the outer sleeve 2, and installing a metal rubber main spring in the outer sleeve 2, wherein an upper liquid chamber 3 is separated above the metal rubber main spring, and a lower liquid chamber 4 is separated below the metal rubber main spring; wherein the damping flow channel 11 of the mandrel 1 communicates the upper liquid chamber 3 and the lower liquid chamber 4.

And step three, filling liquid into the upper liquid chamber 3 and the lower liquid chamber 4, sealing the lower end of the outer sleeve 2 through a sealing element 22, sealing the lower end of the outer sleeve 2 through the sealing element 22, wherein the sealing element 22 is a flexible sealing element 22, when the structure is subjected to integral vibration load, fluid flows between the upper liquid chamber 3 and the lower liquid chamber 4 of the liquid composite spring, and -determined damping force is generated when the fluid flows, and the mandrel 1 of different damping flow channels 11 is selected to adapt to corresponding rigidity, so that the rigidity of the whole liquid composite spring can be changed by changing the type of the damping flow channels 11.

In the method according to the present embodiment, the upper liquid chamber 3 and the lower liquid chamber 4 are communicated with each other through the damping flow passage 11, and the liquid can flow between the upper liquid chamber 3 and the lower liquid chamber 4 through the damping flow passage 11, thereby enhancing the vibration damping effect. The stiffness of the liquid compound spring as a whole can be changed by changing the type of the spindle 1. This embodiment satisfies the rigidity of different demands through preparing the dabber 1 of different grade types, when adjusting rigidity, only needs to change dabber 1 and just can accomplish to realize quick replacement and the compound spring rigidity of liquid regulation of dabber 1.

In embodiments, when installing the metal rubber main spring, a plurality of rubber bodies are vulcanized from the core shaft 1 from inside to outside in sequence, a ring-shaped partition is arranged between each rubber body, and the outermost rubber body is connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 2, so that the rubber bodies and the partition are vulcanized into integral bodies.

In the method according to this embodiment, the length of the partition located inside is longer and the length of the partition located outside is shorter, and the upper ends of the partitions are connected to the upper liquid chamber 3 at relatively close levels. The upper part of the lower liquid chamber 4 is arranged in a stepped structure and is lower towards the inside. Thus, when the mandrel 1 moves up and down, the rubber body and the sealing piece 22 are driven to deform, so that the partition plate moves up and down.

In the embodiments, the damping flow passage 11 is arranged in the middle of the mandrel 1, the upper end of the damping flow passage 11 is communicated with the upper liquid chamber 3, and the lower end is communicated with the lower liquid chamber 4, therefore, the upper liquid chamber 3 is communicated with the lower liquid chamber 4 through the damping flow passage 11, and the liquid in the upper liquid chamber 3 and the liquid in the lower liquid chamber 4 can be communicated with each other through the damping flow passage 11, the damping flow passage 11 can generate certain damping force for the liquid during the flowing process.

When the method according to the embodiment is used, the upper liquid chamber 3 and the lower liquid chamber 4 are communicated through the damping flow passage 11, and when the liquid composite spring according to the embodiment is subjected to a vertical load, the liquid in the lower liquid chamber 4 enters or flows out to the upper liquid chamber 3 through the damping flow passage 11 to form a damping force, so that the impact is reduced, and the vibration reduction effect is improved.

In the embodiments, in step , a plurality of different types of mandrels 1 are prepared, the different types of mandrels 1 are provided with different types of damping flow channels 11 to adapt to different rigidities, the different types of damping flow channels 11 have different sizes, such as different widths, lengths, or different shapes and structures, the damping flow channels 11 are preferably cylindrical structures, and can also be conical structures, annular cylindrical structures, and other structures capable of communicating the upper liquid chamber 3 and the lower liquid chamber 4, and the different types of damping flow channels 11 have different length-diameter ratios.

In preferred embodiments, the different types of damping channels 11 have a tolerance of 5 between the aspect ratios and the aspect ratios are set within the range of 12-110. for example, the number of types of the mandrel 1 is 20, the tolerance between the aspect ratios of the damping channels 11 is 5, and the aspect ratio is 15 at the minimum, then the aspect ratios of the damping channels 11 in the manufactured mandrel 1 are 15, 20, 25, 30 … … 100, 105, 110, respectively.

In the method according to the present embodiment, different types of damping flow channels 11 have different aspect ratios. The damping flow channel 11 with a larger major diameter is used for a liquid composite spring with lower required rigidity, and is suitable for the condition of lower vibration frequency. The flow damping flow passage 11 with a relatively large major diameter is used for a liquid composite spring with a relatively large required rigidity, and is suitable for the situation of relatively large vibration frequency.

In the embodiments, in step , the corresponding types and numbers of mandrels 1 are selected according to the requirements of the actual frequency working condition, and under the low-frequency working condition, for example, when the vibration frequency is less than 15Hz, the mandrel 1 with the length-diameter ratio of the damping flow channel 11 larger than 26 is selected, and under the high-frequency working condition, for example, when the vibration frequency is greater than 15Hz, the mandrel 1 with the length-diameter ratio of the damping flow channel 11 smaller than 26 is selected.

In embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the damping flow passage 11 is spirally disposed in the mandrel 1, the damping flow passage 11 is disposed in a spiral structure, the length of the damping flow passage 11 is increased, and the damping effect is enhanced, the upper end opening of the damping flow passage 11 is axially disposed at the top end of the mandrel 1 and is communicated with the upper liquid chamber 3, and the lower end opening of the damping flow passage 11 is radially disposed at the lower portion of the mandrel 1 and is communicated with the lower liquid chamber 4.

In preferred embodiments, the mandrel 1 comprises two parts, namely a mandrel inner core 12 and a mandrel outer shell 13, the mandrel inner core 12 is a cylindrical structure, the mandrel outer shell 13 is a conical structure, the middle part of the mandrel outer shell is provided with a hollow core matched with the shape of the mandrel inner core 12, the mandrel outer shell 13 is sleeved outside the mandrel inner core 12, in the present embodiment, a spiral channel is arranged on the outer wall of the mandrel inner core 12 to form the main body of the damping flow channel 11, and a radial through hole is arranged on the mandrel outer shell 13 and is communicated with the channel and the lower liquid chamber 4 to form the lower end opening of the damping flow channel 11.

In the liquid composite spring according to the embodiment, the mandrel 1 is provided with the mandrel inner core 12 and the mandrel outer shell 13, and the spiral damping flow channel 11 is convenient to process in a two-part combination mode. The damping flow channel 11 is processed on the outer wall of the mandrel inner core 12 and then assembled into the mandrel outer shell 13, so that the processing is convenient.

In the embodiments, the upper part and the lower part of the mandrel shell 13 are respectively provided with radial through holes, the through holes of the upper part of the mandrel shell 13 are communicated with the channel and the upper liquid chamber 3 to form the upper end opening of the damping flow channel 11, and the through holes of the lower part of the mandrel shell 13 are communicated with the channel and the lower liquid chamber 4 to form the lower end opening of the damping flow channel 11.

When the mandrel 1 in the method according to the embodiment is manufactured, the size of the cross-sectional area of the spiral flow channel, the pitch and the number of the flow channels can be adjusted to change the dynamic performance (dynamic stiffness and damping). Under different dynamic performance requirements, parameters such as the size, the number and the like of the flow channel can be obtained through calculation so as to realize the quick replacement of the flow channel.

In preferred embodiments, when installing the sealing member 22, the outer edge of the sealing member 22 is provided with a metal ring 24, the inner side of the bottom of the outer casing main body 21 is provided with a groove 25 matched with the metal ring 24, the groove 25 is an annular groove, the metal ring 24 is placed in the groove 25, thus, the metal ring 24 and the sealing member 22 are connected with the outer casing main body 21 through bolts, and preferably, a rubber pad 26 is added when the metal ring 24 is connected with the groove 25.

In the liquid composite spring according to the present embodiment, the outer side edge of the sealing member 22 is provided with a metal ring 24. Since the sealing member 22 is made of a flexible material, it can be more stably connected to the housing main body 21 by the metal ring 24. The outer sleeve main body 21 is provided with a groove 25 for limiting the position of the metal ring 24, so that the screw holes correspond to each other, thereby facilitating the disassembly and assembly. The rubber gasket 26 enhances the sealing performance, thereby enhancing the sealing performance of the lower liquid chamber 4 as a whole.

In embodiments, the inner side of the sealing member 22 is provided with a protruding structure 27, and the protruding structure 27 is fixed inside the mandrel 1. in this embodiment, the mandrel 1 is provided with a step structure, the step structure is provided with a slot matched with the protruding structure 27, and the protruding structure 27 is clamped in the slot, a metal gasket is arranged below the step structure, and the metal gasket is arranged at the other end of the protruding structure 27, so as to fix the protruding structure 27.

In the liquid composite spring according to the present embodiment, the sealing member 22 can be clamped inside the mandrel 1 by the protrusion structure 27, so that the sealing member 22 is firmly connected with the mandrel 1, and the sealing performance is enhanced.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.