Filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste

文档序号：1582825 发布日期：2020-02-04 浏览：34次中文

阅读说明：本技术 一种用于餐厨垃圾油水分离的滤网 (Filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste ) 是由陈雨于 2019-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于餐厨垃圾油水分离的滤网,方法如下：1)在氨基酸聚合物制备过程中引入聚硅氧烷基,制得改性氨基酸聚合物；2)羧甲基壳聚糖溶液、改性氨基酸聚合物分散液中和氯化钙溶液混合制得混合液；3)在羧甲基壳聚糖的侧链引入改性氨基酸聚合物,制得复合凝胶；4)采用浸渍法制得铂/三氧化二铝复合物,利用沸石粉作为载体制得铂/三氧化二铝/羟基磷灰石复合物；5)将生成的底部产物与聚酯纤维和制备的混合分散液进行球磨,置于模具中经热压成型即可。该滤网具有优异的凝油性能,可以将油水中的油分子截留并固定,从而实现油水分离,而且在光照下可以促进滤网中残留油脂的降解,避免滤网的堵塞,使得滤网可以重复使用。(The invention discloses a filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: 1) introducing polysiloxane in the preparation process of the amino acid polymer to prepare a modified amino acid polymer; 2) mixing the carboxymethyl chitosan solution and the modified amino acid polymer dispersion liquid with the calcium chloride solution to prepare a mixed solution; 3) introducing a modified amino acid polymer into a side chain of the carboxymethyl chitosan to prepare a composite gel; 4) preparing a platinum/aluminum oxide compound by adopting an impregnation method, and preparing the platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound by using zeolite powder as a carrier; 5) and ball-milling the generated bottom product, the polyester fiber and the prepared mixed dispersion liquid, and placing the mixture into a mold for hot press molding. The filter screen has excellent oil condensation performance, can intercept and fix oil molecules in oil water, thereby realizing oil-water separation, promoting the degradation of residual grease in the filter screen under illumination, avoiding the blockage of the filter screen and enabling the filter screen to be repeatedly used.)

1. A filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation methods:

1) adding 6-aminocaproic acid, phenylalanine, lysine and dimethyl siloxane into a reactor, adding distilled water and a phosphoric acid solution, mixing and stirring, adding N, N-methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate, placing the mixture into an oil bath device, introducing nitrogen into the reactor for 30-40min, adjusting the temperature to 80-90 ℃, reacting for 3-4h at the rotating speed of 50-80r/min, adjusting the temperature to 180-200 ℃, completely solidifying after water in the reactor is evaporated, adjusting the temperature to 210-220 ℃ to resolidify a solidified substance, keeping the temperature for 1-1.5h, then heating to 230-240 ℃, reacting for 2-3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a modified amino acid polymer;

3) adding a sodium hydroxide solution into an acrylic acid monomer in an ice-water bath, wherein the neutralization degree is 70-75%, then adding N, N-methylene bisacrylamide and bentonite, oscillating and dispersing for 30-40min under 400-plus-500W ultrasonic waves, then adding the obtained mixture into the mixed solution in the step 2), stirring for 1-1.5h at the room temperature at the rotation speed of 150-plus-180 r/min, then simultaneously adding hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid into the mixed solution according to the equal molar ratio, heating to 60-80 ℃, reacting in a constant-temperature water bath for 3-5h, naturally drying after the reaction is finished, soaking for 5-10h by using distilled water, and then drying at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a composite gel;

2. The filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the mass ratio of 6-aminocaproic acid, phenylalanine, lysine, dimethyl siloxane, N-methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate is 200: 240:13-15:17-20:3-5:1-2: 2-3; the mass volume ratio of the 6-aminocaproic acid to the distilled water is 2-3:1 g/ml; the mass fraction of the phosphoric acid solution is 40-50%, and the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid solution to the distilled water is 1: 70-90.

3. The filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the mass ratio of the modified amino acid polymer dispersion liquid to the carboxymethyl chitosan solution is 1-3: 5; the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 1-2%, and the addition amount of the calcium chloride solution is 3-5% of the mass of the carboxymethyl chitosan solution.

4. The filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 7-10 mol/L; the mass fraction of the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution is 2-4%, and the addition amount is 1-2% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution; the addition amount of the bentonite is 5-8% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution; the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 1-2%, and the addition amount is 1-1.5% of the mass of the mixed solution; the mass fraction of the ascorbic acid solution is 2-3%.

5. The filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the nano aluminum oxide is a gamma phase, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the nano aluminum oxide to the chloroplatinic acid solution is 1:10-15g/ml, and the concentration of the chloroplatinic acid solution is 2-5 mg/ml; the mass ratio of the platinum/aluminum oxide compound to the zeolite powder is 1-3: 7; the concentration of the calcium nitrate solution is 8-10g/L, the concentration of the diammonium phosphate solution is 11-15g/L, and the liquid-solid ratio of the calcium nitrate solution to the zeolite powder is 8-13:1 ml/g; the concentration of the ammonia water is 0.5-0.8 mol/L.

6. The filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the amount of the platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound is 2-4% of the mass of the mixed dispersion liquid; the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.05-0.15 mol/L; the mass ratio of the alginate solution to the calcium chloride-containing composite gel is 3-5: 1; the mass ratio of the bottom product to the mixed dispersion liquid to the polyester fiber is 1:5-7:10-15, wherein the length of the polyester fiber is 1-3 mm; the ball-milling ball-material ratio is 1:1, the ball-milling time is 10-15min, and the ball-milling frequency is 5-10 Hz.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil-water separation, and particularly relates to a filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste.

Background

With the continuous development of the economy of China and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the catering industry of various cities also enters a high-speed development stage, but the accompanying household garbage and kitchen garbage seriously pollute the urban environmental sanitation and bring great harm to the living health of the vast people.

The kitchen waste is commonly called swill and is a hotel. The food residues of catering enterprises and families such as restaurants, dining halls and the like mainly comprise rice and flour food residues, vegetables and vegetable oil. Animal oil, meat and bones, fish bones and the like, and kitchen waste are potential resources which are overlooked for a long time, and a plurality of social problems are caused by improper utilization. According to statistics, the daily discharge amount of big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and the like exceeds thousands of tons, the non-standard treatment of swill and other directions and influences of the swill cause the worry of the general public, the environment of the city is harmed, the health of citizens is influenced, and the method becomes one of the focus problems of the sanitary environment of China. The kitchen waste oil water contains a large amount of animal and vegetable oil and other substances, and the substances can be recycled as raw materials of products such as biodiesel, stearic acid, oleic acid and the like, so that the kitchen waste is utilizable regenerative waste.

In recent years, oil-water separation mesh membrane materials based on a super-wetting concept are widely concerned by scientists y8iji in the industry, the membrane surface of the super-wetting separation membrane has larger wetting difference for oil and water, namely the material has super-hydrophilic/super-oleophobic characteristics at the same time, and has the characteristics of high separation flux, good separation selectivity and difficult pollution when an oil-water system is separated. At present, the oil-water separation mesh membrane designed based on the super-infiltration concept mainly has the forms of a porous mesh membrane, a micro-filtration membrane, a nanofiber membrane and the like, wherein the mesh membrane has extremely high separation flux, can effectively separate floating oil and partial dispersed oil in water, but has poor oil penetration resistance and can not separate emulsified oil-water mixtures; the super-infiltration microfiltration membrane and the nanofiber membrane can effectively separate emulsified oil-water mixtures, but the membrane separation flux is low due to the fact that the thickness of a separation membrane is thick and the effective porosity of the surface is low; and the separation membrane is easily polluted or blocked by oil when separating oil and water, and the separation efficiency is greatly reduced after limited use times, so that the super-infiltration oil-water separation sieve net membrane, the micro-filtration membrane and the nano-fiber membrane are difficult to truly apply and popularize in the actual industry.

Therefore, there is a need to provide a new type of oil-water separation filter screen which can be continuously and repeatedly used, and is used for oil-water separation in kitchen waste.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the existing problems and provides a filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a filter screen for oil-water separation of kitchen waste is specifically prepared by the following steps:

2) respectively adding the modified amino acid polymer and the carboxymethyl chitosan into deionized water, stirring and dissolving to prepare a modified amino acid polymer dispersion liquid with the mass fraction of 4-6% and a carboxymethyl chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 8-12%, slowly adding the carboxymethyl chitosan solution into the modified amino acid polymer dispersion liquid at the stirring speed of 80-100r/min at room temperature, adding a proper amount of calcium chloride solution after uniformly stirring, and continuously stirring for 10-20min to prepare a mixed solution for later use; in the subsequent reaction process, the added carboxymethyl chitosan and the modified amino acid polymer can be mutually crosslinked to form a macromolecular compound with porous interior through the hydrogen bond action among the functional groups, so that the porosity of the composite gel can be improved, and the oil condensation performance of the composite gel is enhanced; the added calcium chloride can perform a cross-linking reaction with carboxyl on the carboxymethyl chitosan, so that the strength of the composite gel can be enhanced, and the service life of the composite gel can be prolonged;

3) adding a sodium hydroxide solution into an acrylic acid monomer in an ice-water bath, then adding N, N-methylene bisacrylamide and bentonite, oscillating and dispersing for 30-40min under 400-plus-500W ultrasonic waves, then adding the mixture into the mixed solution in the step 2), stirring for 1-1.5h at the rotation speed of 150-plus-180 r/min at room temperature, then simultaneously adding hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid into the mixed solution according to the equal molar ratio, heating to 60-80 ℃, reacting in a constant-temperature water bath for 3-5h, naturally drying after the reaction is finished, soaking for 5-10h with distilled water, and then drying at 50-60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain composite gel; the method comprises the following steps of introducing amino acid with oil condensation performance into a side chain of carboxymethyl chitosan through cross-linking copolymerization by using hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid as redox initiator systems, thereby forming a composite gel containing the amino acid side chain; the composite gel is self-assembled in an oil phase in a one-dimensional direction to form a fibrous microstructure through non-covalent bond effects such as hydrogen bonds, van der waals force and the like, and further is wound to form a three-dimensional network structure, and oil molecules are trapped and fixed in the network through surface tension and capillary action on the basis of the three-dimensional network structure, so that the oil molecules lose fluidity, and the purpose of oil-water separation is realized;

4) adding nano-alumina into chloroplatinic acid solution, oscillating and dispersing for 20-30min under 200-300W ultrasonic wave, stirring for 5-6h at 30-35 ℃ at the rotating speed of 100-130r/min, taking out and carrying out centrifugal separation, drying the product in an oven at 60-70 ℃ for 20-25h to prepare platinum/alumina compound, mixing zeolite powder, adding into a reactor, adding calcium nitrate solution and diammonium phosphate solution according to the molar ratio of 1.5-2:1, mixing and stirring, adjusting the pH value to 10-11 with ammonia water, continuing stirring for 1-2h at the rotating speed of 130-180r/min, aging for 20-30h at 50-60 ℃, cleaning with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 80-90 ℃, crushing and grinding, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, preparing a platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound; according to the preparation method, chloroplatinic acid is used as a platinum source, a platinum/aluminum oxide compound is prepared by adopting an immersion method, zeolite powder is used as a carrier to form the platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound, and the photocatalytic activity of nano aluminum oxide can be effectively improved by adding platinum, so that the generation of hydroxyl radicals under the illumination condition is enhanced; the added hydroxyapatite contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups, so that the number of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nano aluminum oxide can be increased, the generation of hydroxyl free radicals in the photocatalysis process is further improved, the reaction activity is enhanced, the removal of residual grease in the filter screen under the illumination condition is promoted, and the continuous reuse of the filter screen is realized;

5) adding a platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound into nano carbon fiber aqueous dispersion with the mass fraction of 0.2-0.5%, oscillating and dispersing for 10-20min by 400-500W ultrasonic waves to obtain mixed dispersion for later use, adding the composite gel into calcium chloride solution with equal weight, soaking for 20-30min at room temperature to obtain composite gel containing calcium chloride, adding sodium alginate into deionized water, stirring and dissolving to obtain alginate solution with the mass fraction of 2-3%, then mixing and stirring the composite gel containing calcium chloride and the alginate solution, adding glacial acetic acid to reduce the pH value to 5-6, stirring and reacting for 20-30min at the rotating speed of 50-80r/min, standing for 20-30h, taking out a bottom product, drying, mixing the bottom product with polyester fiber and the mixed dispersion, and then carrying out ball milling, heating the obtained ball-milled material to 80-100 ℃, placing the ball-milled material in a mould, flatly paving 3-5 layers, and carrying out hot press molding at the temperature of 110-; according to the method, a platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound is added into a carbon nanofiber aqueous dispersion for ultrasonic treatment, when ultrasonic waves are transmitted in a solution, alternating low-pressure waves and high-pressure waves can be generated, so that bubbles in gaps between the platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound and carbon nanofibers repeatedly expand and contract, a cracking cavitation phenomenon is caused, high-temperature and high-pressure environments are formed inside the bubbles due to bubble cracking, water molecules pass through the inside of air pockets and are thermally decomposed and converted into hydroxyl radicals under the action of cavitation, and the removal rate of residual grease in a filter screen can be further improved; the composite gel is soaked in the calcium chloride solution to form the composite gel containing the calcium chloride, and then reacts with the alginate solution under an acidic condition, so that a calcium alginate surface layer is formed on the surface of the gel, the hydrophobicity of the composite gel can be enhanced, and the reduction of the oil-water separation efficiency after the filter screen is used for multiple times can be avoided.

Preferably, the filter screen for oil-water separation of the kitchen waste is used, wherein in the step 1), the mass ratio of the 6-aminocaproic acid, the phenylalanine, the lysine, the dimethyl siloxane, the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide and the ammonium persulfate is 200-240:13-15:17-20:3-5:1-2: 2-3; the mass volume ratio of the 6-aminocaproic acid to the distilled water is 2-3:1 g/ml; the mass fraction of the phosphoric acid solution is 40-50%, and the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid solution to the distilled water is 1: 70-90.

Preferably, the filter screen is used for oil-water separation of kitchen waste, wherein in the step 2), the mass ratio of the modified amino acid polymer dispersion liquid to the carboxymethyl chitosan solution is 1-3: 5; the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 1-2%, and the addition amount of the calcium chloride solution is 3-5% of the mass of the carboxymethyl chitosan solution.

Preferably, the filter screen is used for oil-water separation of the kitchen waste, wherein in the step 3), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 7-10 mol/L; the mass fraction of the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution is 2-4%, and the addition amount is 1-2% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution; the addition amount of the bentonite is 5-8% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution; the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 1-2%, and the addition amount is 1-1.5% of the mass of the mixed solution; the mass fraction of the ascorbic acid solution is 2-3%.

Preferably, in the step 4), the nano aluminum oxide is a gamma phase, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the nano aluminum oxide to the chloroplatinic acid solution is 1:10-15g/ml, and the concentration of the chloroplatinic acid solution is 2-5 mg/ml; the mass ratio of the platinum/aluminum oxide compound to the zeolite powder is 1-3: 7; the concentration of the calcium nitrate solution is 8-10g/L, the concentration of the diammonium phosphate solution is 11-15g/L, and the liquid-solid ratio of the calcium nitrate solution to the zeolite powder is 8-13:1 ml/g; the concentration of the ammonia water is 0.5-0.8 mol/L.

Preferably, the filter screen is used for oil-water separation of kitchen waste, wherein in the step 5), the using amount of the platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound is 2-4% of the mass of the mixed dispersion liquid; the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.05-0.15 mol/L; the mass ratio of the alginate solution to the calcium chloride-containing composite gel is 3-5: 1; the mass ratio of the bottom product to the mixed dispersion liquid to the polyester fiber is 1:5-7:10-15, wherein the length of the polyester fiber is 1-3 mm; the ball-milling ball-material ratio is 1:1, the ball-milling time is 10-15min, and the ball-milling frequency is 5-10 Hz.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the filter screen prepared by the invention is prepared by mixing, ball-milling and hot-pressing the composite gel, the mixed dispersion liquid and the polyester fiber, has excellent oil-condensing performance, can intercept and fix oil molecules in oil water, so that the oil molecules lose fluidity, thereby realizing oil-water separation, and can accelerate the degradation of residual oil bonded on the surface under the illumination, thereby avoiding the blockage of the filter screen and enabling the filter screen to be repeatedly used; the composite gel has good oil-coagulating performance, can effectively realize oil-water separation, and the surface of the composite gel is modified to form a calcium alginate layer, so that the hydrophobicity of the composite gel can be improved, and the situation that the water molecules penetrate into the composite gel in the use process of a filter screen to cause the reduction of a network space in the composite gel and the reduction of the capability of the composite gel for intercepting and fixing the oil molecules, thereby causing the reduction of the oil-water separation rate can be avoided; the mixed dispersion liquid consists of the nano carbon fiber and the platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound, the nano carbon fiber not only can improve the strength of the filter screen, but also can form a large amount of hydroxyl free radicals in internal pores after being subjected to ultrasonic treatment together with the platinum/aluminum oxide/hydroxyapatite compound, and the removal rate of residual grease in the filter screen can be improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.

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