阅读说明：本技术 一种车载式双向充电机 (Vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger ) 是由 张江林 庄慧敏 邓昌建 吴磊 樊昌元 文斌 谢晓娜 李代伟 唐必秀 黄宗莉 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种车载式双向充电机,主要解决现有车载式充电机电池利用率低,充电机接入、分离换网引起电网频率波动的问题。该充电机包括单片机控制电路,与单片机控制电路相连的电源切换电路和充电电路,以及与充电电路相连的高频逆变电路；其中,电源切换电路还与充电电路相连。通过上述设计,本发明的充电机在保证效率的同时,利用驱动电路代替硬件电路能够有效的优化电路结构,减少器件损耗,从而降低了成本。同时通过设置电源切换电路,使充电机在电网充电、负载供电切换过程中更加平稳,减小电网频率波动。因此,具有很高的使用价值和推广价值。(The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger, which mainly solves the problems that the battery utilization rate of the existing vehicle-mounted charger is low, and the frequency of a power grid fluctuates due to the fact that the charger is connected, separated and switched. The charger comprises a singlechip control circuit, a power supply switching circuit and a charging circuit which are connected with the singlechip control circuit, and a high-frequency inverter circuit connected with the charging circuit; the power supply switching circuit is also connected with the charging circuit. Through the design, the charger disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the efficiency is ensured, and meanwhile, the circuit structure can be effectively optimized by using the driving circuit to replace a hardware circuit, so that the device loss is reduced, and the cost is reduced. Meanwhile, by arranging the power supply switching circuit, the charger is more stable in the processes of power grid charging and load power supply switching, and the frequency fluctuation of a power grid is reduced. Therefore, the method has high use value and popularization value.)

1. A vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger is characterized by comprising a single chip microcomputer control circuit, a power supply switching circuit and a charging circuit which are connected with the single chip microcomputer control circuit, and a high-frequency inverter circuit connected with the charging circuit; the power supply switching circuit is also connected with the charging circuit;

the single chip microcomputer control circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer control chip, and a current acquisition circuit and a voltage acquisition circuit which are connected with the single chip microcomputer control chip; the single-chip microcomputer control chip is connected with the power supply switching circuit;

the charging circuit comprises a rectifying and filtering circuit connected with an external power grid, a half-bridge charging circuit connected with the rectifying and filtering circuit, and a charging driving circuit connected with the half-bridge charging circuit; the half-bridge charging circuit is connected with the high-frequency inverter circuit, the power supply switching circuit and the current acquisition circuit;

the high-frequency inverter circuit comprises a booster circuit connected with the storage battery, an inverter circuit connected with the booster circuit and an inverter driving circuit connected with the inverter circuit; the inverter driving circuit is connected with the half-bridge charging circuit.

2. The vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger according to claim 1, wherein the power switching circuit comprises a resistor R8 connected with the singlechip control chip, a transistor Q1 with a base connected with the resistor R8, a resistor R9 connected between the base and an emitter of the transistor Q1, a relay K1 connected with a collector of the transistor Q1, and a plug P4 connected with the relay K1; the relay K1 is conducted with the charging circuit when being attracted, and is conducted with the high-frequency inverter circuit when the relay K1 is separated.

3. The vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger according to claim 1, wherein the half-bridge charging circuit includes a resistor R7 having both ends connected to the current collecting circuit, a diode D4 having an anode connected to the resistor R7, an electrolytic capacitor C11 having an anode connected to the cathode of the diode D4 and a cathode grounded, an inductor L1, a resistor R11, and a resistor R10 connected in series, having one end connected to the cathode of the diode D4 and the other end connected to the inverter driving circuit, a diode D6 having a cathode grounded, an anode connected to the connection end of the inductor L1 and the resistor R11, a diode D3 having a cathode connected to the anode of the diode D6 and an anode connected to a voltage of 12V, an NMOS tube Q3 having a source connected to the cathode of the diode D6 and a drain connected to the anode of the diode D6, an NMOS tube Q2 having a source connected to the cathode of the diode D3 and a drain connected to the anode of the diode D3, a resistor R16 having one end connected to the source of the NMOS tube Q3 and the other end connected to the gate of the NMOS tube Q3, the resistor R14 is connected with one end of the resistor R14 connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS transistor Q3 and the other end of the resistor R14 connected with the inverter driving circuit; the connection ends of the resistor R11 and the resistor R10 are connected with the grid of the NMOS transistor Q2.

4. The vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger according to claim 1, wherein the boost circuit comprises a chip U1 with model XL6009, a capacitor C10 with one end connected to VIN pin of chip U1 and the other end grounded, a capacitor C9 connected in parallel to both ends of capacitor C10, an inductor L1 with one end connected to VIN pin of chip U1 and the other end connected to SW pin of chip U1, a diode D2 with its cathode connected to SW pin of chip U1, a resistor R6 with one end connected to anode of diode D2 and the other end connected to OUT pin of chip U1, a resistor R12 with one end connected to OUT pin of chip U1 and the other end grounded, capacitors C8 and C7 connected to resistor R6 and the other ends connected to resistor R12 after being connected in parallel, and a resistor R13 with one end connected to EN pin of chip U1 and the other end connected to an external power supply; and the VIN pin of the chip U1 is also connected with the output end of the storage battery.

5. The vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger according to claim 1, wherein the inverter circuit comprises five resistor strings which are connected in parallel and both ends of which are communicated with the inverter driving circuit, an NMOS tube group connected with each resistor string, a transformer T3 connected in parallel at both ends of the NMOS tube group, and a plug P12 connected to the other end of the transformer T3; the resistor string comprises four resistors connected in series, the connecting ends of the two resistors connected in the middle are grounded, the connecting ends of the two resistors on the two sides are connected with the base electrodes of the NMOS tubes, the source electrodes of all the NMOS tubes are grounded, the drain electrodes of all the NMOS tubes on one side are connected with one interface at one end of the transformer T3, and the drain electrodes of all the NMOS tubes on the other side are connected with the other interface at the same end of the transformer T3.

6. The vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger according to claim 1, characterized in that the charging driving circuit comprises a chip U2 with model number IR2104, a resistor R4 with one end connected with SD pin of the chip U2 and the other end connected with 12V voltage, a capacitor C4 with one end connected with 12V voltage and the other end connected with COM pin of the chip U2, a diode D1 with its cathode connected with VCC pin of the chip U2 and its anode connected with VB pin of the chip U2, a capacitor C1 with one end connected with VB pin of the chip U2 and the other end connected with VS pin of the chip U2; the IN pin of the chip U2 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer control chip, and the HO and LO pins of the chip U2 are connected with the half-bridge charging circuit.

7. The vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger according to claim 1, wherein said inverter driving circuit comprises a chip U3 of model TL494, a resistor R44 having one end connected to the IN + and 2IN + pins of the chip U3 and the other end grounded, an electrolytic capacitor C23 having an anode connected to the IN-, 2IN-, REF, OC pins of the chip U3 and a cathode connected to the DTC pin of the chip U3, a resistor R50 having one end connected to the DTC pin of the chip U3 and the other end grounded, a capacitor C having one end connected to the CT pin of the chip U3 and the other end grounded, a resistor R51 having one end connected to the RT pin of the chip U3 and the other end grounded, an electrolytic capacitor C24 having an anode connected to the C1 pin of the chip U3 and a cathode grounded, a diode D11 having a cathode connected to the F2 pin of the chip U3, a triode Q4 having a base connected to the F2 pin of the chip U3, a resistor R27 connected between the base of the Q4 and the collector of the chip U4, a diode D12 with the cathode connected with the E1 pin of the chip U3, a triode Q5 with the base connected with the E1 pin of the chip U3, and a resistor R28 connected between the base and the collector of the triode Q5; the diode D11 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q4, the diode D12 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q5, the emitter of the triode Q4 and the emitter of the triode Q5 are both connected with an inverter circuit, the collector of the triode Q4 and the collector of the triode Q5 are both grounded, and pins VCC, C2 and C1 of the chip U3 are all connected with 12V voltage.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of chargers, in particular to a vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger.

Background

Electric Vehicles (EV) are representative of new terms such as energy saving, innovation, and environmental protection, and have rapidly entered the visual field of people and have rapidly developed. The charger serves as a core component of the electric automobile, and the structural design and the performance of the charger are improved to be a hot problem of research of everybody.

The mounting position can be divided into two types: vehicle-mounted and non-vehicle-mounted. The vehicle-mounted charger is fixedly mounted on the electric automobile, has the advantages of small scale, quick heat dissipation, light weight and the like, and is mostly applied to conventional charging. The vehicle-mounted charger is mainly used for energy bidirectional exchange between an electric automobile and a power grid, so that the vehicle-mounted charger is required to have high response speed, high power factor, small input and output ripples and large input voltage allowable range so as to avoid damage to the power grid when the power grid is connected to the power grid for power transmission, and the charging curve is required to be matched with the characteristics of a power battery so as to protect the battery, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged.

At present, a vehicle-mounted charger assembled on an electric automobile still uses a high-frequency switching power supply on a main body structure, and although electric energy can be efficiently converted into chemical energy, the utilization rate of a battery is low, so that the efficiency of the whole automobile is not ideal.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger, which mainly solves the problems that the battery utilization rate of the existing vehicle-mounted charger is low, and the frequency fluctuation of a power grid is caused by the connection, separation and grid change of the charger.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger comprises a singlechip control circuit, a power supply switching circuit and a charging circuit which are connected with the singlechip control circuit, and a high-frequency inverter circuit connected with the charging circuit; the power supply switching circuit is also connected with the charging circuit;

the single chip microcomputer control circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer control chip, and a current acquisition circuit and a voltage acquisition circuit which are connected with the single chip microcomputer control chip; the single-chip microcomputer control chip is connected with the power supply switching circuit;

the charging circuit comprises a rectifying and filtering circuit connected with an external power grid, a half-bridge charging circuit connected with the rectifying and filtering circuit, and a charging driving circuit connected with the half-bridge charging circuit; the half-bridge charging circuit is connected with the high-frequency inverter circuit and the current acquisition circuit;

the high-frequency inverter circuit comprises a booster circuit connected with the storage battery, an inverter circuit connected with the booster circuit and an inverter driving circuit connected with the inverter circuit; the inverter driving circuit is connected with the half-bridge charging circuit.

Further, the power supply switching circuit comprises a resistor R8 connected with the singlechip control chip, a triode Q1 with a base connected with the resistor R8, a resistor R9 connected between the base and an emitter of the triode Q1, a relay K1 connected with a collector of the triode Q1, and a plug P4 connected with the relay K1; the relay K1 is conducted with the charging circuit when being attracted, and is conducted with the high-frequency inverter circuit when the relay K1 is separated.

Further, the half-bridge charging circuit comprises a resistor R7 with two ends connected with the current acquisition circuit, a diode D4 with the anode connected with the resistor R7, an electrolytic capacitor C11 with the anode connected with the cathode of the diode D4 and the cathode grounded, an inductor L1 with one end connected with the cathode of the diode D4 after series connection and the other end connected with the inverter driving circuit, a resistor R11 and a resistor R10, a diode D6 with the cathode grounded, the anode connected with the connecting end of the inductor L1 and the resistor R11, a diode D3 with the cathode connected with the anode of the diode D6 and the anode connected with 12V voltage, an NMOS tube Q3 with the source connected with the cathode of the diode D6 and the drain connected with the anode of the diode D6, an NMOS tube Q2 with the source connected with the cathode of the diode D3 and the drain connected with the anode of the diode D3, a resistor R16 with one end connected with the source of the NMOS tube Q3 and the other end connected with the gate of the NMOS tube Q3, the resistor R14 is connected with one end of the resistor R14 connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS transistor Q3 and the other end of the resistor R14 connected with the inverter driving circuit; the connection ends of the resistor R11 and the resistor R10 are connected with the grid of the NMOS transistor Q2.

Further, the boost circuit comprises a chip U1 with the model XL6009, a capacitor C10 with one end connected with a VIN pin of the chip U1 and the other end grounded, a capacitor C9 connected in parallel with two ends of the capacitor C10, an inductor L1 with one end connected with the VIN pin of the chip U1 and the SW pin of the chip U1 at the other end connected with each other, a diode D2 with the negative electrode connected with the SW pin of the chip U1, a resistor R6 with one end connected with the positive electrode of the diode D2 and the other end connected with the OUT pin of the chip U1, a resistor R12 with one end connected with the OUT pin of the chip U1 and the other end grounded, capacitors C8 and C7 with one end connected with a resistor R6 and the other end connected with the resistor R12 after being connected in parallel, and a resistor R13 with one end connected with an EN pin of the chip U1 and the other end; and the VIN pin of the chip U1 is also connected with the output end of the storage battery.

Furthermore, the inverter circuit comprises five resistor strings, an NMOS tube group, a transformer T3 and a plug P12, wherein the five resistor strings are connected in parallel, two ends of the NMOS tube group are communicated with the inverter driving circuit, the NMOS tube group is connected with each resistor string, the transformer T3 is connected in parallel to two ends of the NMOS tube group, and the plug P12 is connected to the other end of the transformer T3; the resistor string comprises four resistors connected in series, the connecting ends of the two resistors connected in the middle are grounded, the connecting ends of the two resistors on the two sides are connected with the base electrodes of the NMOS tubes, the source electrodes of all the NMOS tubes are grounded, the drain electrodes of all the NMOS tubes on one side are connected with one interface at one end of the transformer T3, and the drain electrodes of all the NMOS tubes on the other side are connected with the other interface at the same end of the transformer T3.

Further, the charging driving circuit comprises a chip U2 with the model of IR2104, a resistor R4 with one end connected with the SD pin of the chip U2 and the other end connected with the 12V voltage, a capacitor C4 with one end connected with the 12V voltage and the other end connected with the COM pin of the chip U2, a diode D1 with the cathode connected with the VCC pin of the chip U2 and the anode connected with the VB pin of the chip U2, and a capacitor C1 with one end connected with the VB pin of the chip U2 and the other end connected with the VS pin of the chip U2; the IN pin of the chip U2 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer control chip, and the HO and LO pins of the chip U2 are connected with the half-bridge charging circuit.

Further, the inverter driving circuit includes a chip U3 of model TL494, a resistor R44 having one end connected to IN + and 2IN + pins of the chip U3 and the other end grounded, an electrolytic capacitor C23 having an anode connected to IN-, 2IN-, REF, OC pins of the chip U3 and a cathode connected to a DTC pin of the chip U3, a resistor R50 having one end connected to a DTC pin of the chip U3 and the other end grounded, a capacitor C having one end connected to a CT pin of the chip U3 and the other end grounded, a resistor R51 having one end connected to an RT pin of the chip U3 and the other end grounded, an electrolytic capacitor C24 having an anode connected to a C1 pin of the chip U3 and a cathode grounded, a diode D9 having a cathode connected to an F2 pin of the chip U3, a triode Q4 having a base connected to an F2 pin of the chip U3, a resistor R27 connected between a base and a collector of the triode Q4, and a cathode connected to a diode 3687472D 12 of the chip U3, a triode Q5 with a base connected with the E1 pin of the chip U3, and a resistor R28 connected between the base and the collector of the triode Q5; the diode D11 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q4, the diode D12 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q5, the emitter of the triode Q4 and the emitter of the triode Q5 are both connected with an inverter circuit, the collector of the triode Q4 and the collector of the triode Q5 are both grounded, and pins VCC, C2 and C1 of the chip U3 are all connected with 12V voltage.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the charger of the invention can effectively optimize the circuit structure and reduce the loss of devices by using the driving circuit to replace a hardware circuit while ensuring the efficiency, thereby reducing the cost. Meanwhile, by arranging the power supply switching circuit, the charger is more stable in the processes of power grid charging and load power supply switching, and the frequency fluctuation of a power grid is reduced.

(2) The charging circuit and the high-frequency inverter circuit are both provided with the driving circuit, and the driving circuit is an important booster of the design device, so that the use of design devices can be effectively reduced, and the structure of the circuit is simpler and more convenient while the function can be realized.

(3) The invention uses the bidirectional topology circuit to make the charger have the multi-mode charging functions of constant voltage, constant current and the like, and simultaneously has the function of converting kinetic energy into electric energy to feed back to the power grid. The reactive power compensation function of the power grid is provided, and capacitive or inductive reactive power compensation can be performed by outputting current with a phase leading or lagging behind the voltage of the power grid to the outside.

(4) The vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger is an important device for information exchange and energy transmission between an intelligent power grid and an electric vehicle, and the highly intelligent charger can flexibly and independently access or separate the power grid through feedback and instructions of power grid load.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic block diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a single chip microcomputer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a current acquisition circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a voltage acquisition circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a half-bridge charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a charge driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an inverter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an inverter driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a boost circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a rectifying and filtering circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following description and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.