阅读说明：本技术 一种激光精密加工玻璃的切割裂片方法和系统 (Cutting and splitting method and system for laser precision processing glass ) 是由 魏剑维 高晓斌 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种激光精密加工玻璃的切割裂片方法和系统。所述方法包括,切割步骤：用激光按切割路径对玻璃材料进行切割,切深至玻璃厚度的1/2以上；裂片步骤：沿上述切割路径注入与玻璃材料温差80℃-200℃的油品,因切口内外的温差实现玻璃材料的裂片。此裂片方法成本低、时间短、易于控制,将裂片玻璃边缘之微裂边、崩边或崩角等缺陷因素减至最少,裂片效果好,而油品良好的润滑性、粉沫沉降性以及清洗性,在裂片的同时能够对切口有很好的保护作用。本发明方法对于超快激光的成丝切割、多焦点聚光系统切割以及贝赛尔光束深度切割后的裂片,效果优异。(The invention relates to a cutting and splitting method and a system for precisely processing glass by laser. The method comprises the following cutting steps: cutting the glass material by laser according to a cutting path, and cutting to a depth more than 1/2 of the thickness of the glass; splitting: injecting oil with the temperature difference of 80-200 ℃ with the glass material along the cutting path, and realizing the splitting of the glass material due to the temperature difference inside and outside the notch. The method has the advantages of low cost, short time, easy control, minimized defect factors such as micro-crack edges, edge breakage or corner breakage and the like at the edge of the glass to be cracked, good cracking effect, good lubricating property, powder settleability and cleaning property of the oil product, and good protection effect on the cut while cracking. The method has excellent effect on splinters after the wire forming cutting, the multi-focus condensing system cutting and the Bessel beam depth cutting of the ultrafast laser.)

1. A cutting and splitting method for precisely processing glass by laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:

cutting: cutting the glass material by laser according to a cutting path, and cutting to a depth more than 1/2 of the thickness of the glass;

splitting: injecting oil with the temperature difference of 80-200 ℃ with the glass material along the cutting path, and realizing the splitting of the glass material due to the temperature difference inside and outside the notch.

2. The cutting and splitting method according to claim 1, wherein the oil is one or a mixture of kerosene, engine oil, diesel oil, vegetable oil and silicone oil.

3. The method for cutting and breaking pieces according to claim 1, further comprising a cold treatment step between the cutting step and the breaking step: and integrally cooling the glass material subjected to laser cutting by using a cooling gas nozzle.

4. The cutting and splitting method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a cooling and washing step after the splitting step: and putting the whole glass material into cold water, and cleaning the cracked finished product to remove residual oil.

5. The method for cutting split pieces according to claim 1, wherein the cutting step is a wire-forming cutting of the glass material in a cutting path by an ultrafast laser based wire-forming process.

6. The method of cleaving a glass sheet according to claim 1, wherein the cleaving step comprises cleaving the glass material along a cleaving path using an ultrafast laser via a multi-focal focusing system.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cutting step is performed with a Bessel beam formed by a cutting head from a gaussian beam emitted from an ultrafast laser.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the glass material is a glass substrate which is produced by an overflow fusion method and naturally sags in the longitudinal direction, the glass substrate is cut by horizontal laser emitted by an ultrafast laser, and low-temperature oil is injected along a cutting path through a micro oil injection gun head which is arranged in a two-way manner to form an included angle of 45 ℃ with the glass substrate and is tightly attached to the glass, so that the glass substrate is cracked, and a cut finished product is obtained.

9. The cutting and splitting method according to claim 1, wherein the glass material is a horizontally placed glass substrate, and after laser cutting is performed along a cutting path by an ultrafast laser, high-temperature oil is injected from top to bottom along the cutting path by an oil injection micro-gun head to achieve splitting, so that a cut finished product is obtained.

10. The system for cutting splinters according to the method of claim 1, wherein the system comprises a machine table and a controller, the machine table is provided with a laser cutting assembly and an oil injection micro-gun connected with the controller, and the oil injection micro-gun comprises an oil inlet pipe, a heating pipe, a heat insulation layer, a temperature measuring point and a micro-gun head.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a laser cutting processing technology, in particular to a cutting and splitting method and a system for precisely processing glass by laser.

Technical Field

The laser cutting glass has the obvious advantages of high processing speed, high precision, simple parameter setting and the like, and becomes a choice for large-batch processing. Since the laser is a non-contact tool, there are no wear problems, thus ensuring a continuous, uniform cut thickness and edge quality. Authoritative measurements showed that the average roughness (Ra) was less than 0.5 μm. Because of the excellent edge quality and natural tempering effect, the laser cut edge strength is very high, which is improved by about 30% compared to a sample that is ground after machining. Laser cutting avoids side cracks, not only is the impact strength of the edge enhanced, but the strength of the whole assembly can be generally improved by 80%, thereby obviously improving the damage resistance of the part. The increased strength of the material reduces the likelihood of damage and loss, as well as reducing the problem of premature field failure due to potential product defects. This is a great advantage for product design, where the designer can not only use lighter, thinner materials, but also does not affect the product lifetime.

In the microelectronics industry, the precision and efficiency of optical glass manufacturing and processing are also continuously improved. The problem that laser cutting processing exists at present is that because the kerf between a small-size glass plate and a large-size optical glass body after laser cutting is only about five microns, the acting force between sheets is large, the sheets cannot fall off freely, and the sheets can be separated by a certain external force. Therefore, the chinese patent application No. 201810992630.X provides a splitting process for laser optical glass cutting, but the splitting step is relatively complicated.

A new laser processing method, laser filamentation (laser filamentation) cutting, that has emerged in recent years has been employed in the processing of glass materials. When the ultrafast laser intensity pulse is focused in the transparent glass material, the ultrafast pulse generates a self-focusing phenomenon in the glass material to form a high-energy-density self-transmission channel, which is called as 'Filamentation'. When the intensity of the laser pulse is higher than the damage threshold of the transparent glass material, the laser filamentation generates a high aspect ratio 'damage' channel with the magnitude of tens of microns in the glass, and the specific fracture geometric track in the glass material can be realized by controlling the relative position of the light beam and the sample. The final sample cut is finally achieved by means of the cutting part either self-detaching from the substrate or assisting in the splitting. The technical novelty of laser filamentation cutting attracts great attention of the market, and the advantages are very obvious, namely high cutting speed, almost no debris and high sample edge strength. However, the sample after laser filamentation cutting is difficult to be successfully separated from the substrate, external force is required to be applied for separation,

the stripping force after laser filamentation cutting is generally cracked by using a CO2 laser along a cutting path (cutting track) auxiliary heating mode, and a carbon dioxide laser has a complex structure and huge maintenance cost, so that not only is the front mirror and the tail mirror expensive, but also the service life of a turbine bearing is only 8000 hours, and the replacement cost reaches 8 ten thousand yuan per pair. In addition, the carbon dioxide laser cutting machine not only generates gas consumption during processing, but also has the photoelectric conversion rate of only 8-10%. Secondly, the carbon dioxide laser has a large beam divergence and is not suitable for large-scale processing.

The Chinese patent application CN201711393518 optimizes the path of carbon dioxide laser cutting splinters, and is hopeful to avoid the cracking of products to be cut caused by cutting and improve the yield of finished products.

The technology explores and optimizes the splitting process after the glass is cut by the laser, but the problems of complicated steps, high cost, difficult control and the like still exist.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to simplify the splitting process after the glass is cut by laser, reduce the splitting cost and further improve the yield of finished products, the invention provides a cutting splitting method for precisely processing the glass by laser, which comprises the following steps:

cutting: cutting the glass material by laser according to a cutting path, and cutting to a depth more than 1/2 of the thickness of the glass;

splitting: injecting oil with the temperature difference of 80-200 ℃ with the glass material along the cutting path, and realizing the splitting of the glass material due to the temperature difference inside and outside the notch.

Further, the oil is one or a mixture of more of kerosene, engine oil, diesel oil, vegetable oil and silicone oil.

Further, a cold treatment step is also included between the cutting step and the splitting step: and integrally cooling the glass material subjected to laser cutting by using a cooling gas nozzle.

Further, a cooling and cleaning step is also included after the splitting step: and putting the whole glass material into cold water, and cleaning the cracked finished product to remove residual oil.

Further, the cutting step is to perform wire forming cutting on the glass material according to a cutting path by using an ultrafast laser based wire forming process.

The cutting step can also be cutting the glass material with an ultrafast laser through a multi-focus focusing system in a cutting path.

Or the cutting step is to cut by a Bessel beam formed by a cutting head by a Gaussian beam emitted by an ultrafast laser.

And further, the glass material is a glass substrate which is produced by an overflow melting method and naturally sags in the longitudinal direction, is cut by horizontal laser emitted by an ultrafast laser, and is subjected to low-temperature oil injection along a cutting path through a micro oil injection gun head which forms an included angle of 45 ℃ with the glass substrate in two directions and is tightly attached to the glass, so that the glass is cracked, and a cut finished product is obtained.

Or the glass material is a horizontally placed glass substrate, is subjected to laser cutting along a cutting path by an ultrafast laser, and is subjected to high-temperature oil injection from top to bottom along the cutting path by an oil injection micro-gun head to realize splitting, so that a cut finished product is obtained.

The invention also provides a cutting and splitting system for realizing the method, which comprises a machine table and a controller, wherein the machine table is provided with a laser cutting assembly and an oil injection micro gun which are connected with the controller, and the oil injection micro gun comprises an oil inlet pipe, a heating pipe, a heat insulation layer, a temperature measuring point and a micro gun head.

Further, the system comprises a machine table and a controller, wherein the machine table is provided with a laser cutting assembly, an oil injection micro-gun and a CCD positioning device which are connected with the controller.

Furthermore, the laser cutting assembly comprises an ultrafast laser and a cutting head, the oil injection micro-gun comprises an oil inlet pipe, a heating pipe, a heat preservation layer, a temperature measuring point and a micro-gun head, the CCD positioning devices are multiple and are arranged beside the cutting head and the oil injection micro-gun in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the controller controls the laser cutting assembly to cut the glass material and the oil injection micro-gun to inject oil with the temperature difference of 80-200 ℃ with the glass material along a laser cut path, splitting of the glass material is achieved, and the CCD positioning device monitors the positions of the cutting head and the oil injection micro-gun at any time.

Or the system also comprises a CCD positioning device connected with the controller, the laser cutting assembly comprises an ultrafast laser, a multi-focus light condensing system, an optical focusing focal depth adjusting system and a cutting head, the CCD positioning devices are multiple and are arranged beside the cutting head and the oil injection micro-gun in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the controller controls the laser cutting assembly to cut the glass material and the oil injection micro-gun to inject oil along a laser cut path to realize glass material splitting.

Furthermore, the laser cutting assembly also comprises a multi-focus light condensing system, an optical focusing focal depth adjusting system, an X/Y axis combined moving platform, a Z axis moving platform, and a glass adsorption platform fixed on the X/Y axis combined moving platform, wherein the glass adsorption platform can move along the X/Y axis on the X/Y axis combined moving platform; a Z-axis moving platform is arranged above the X/Y-axis combined moving platform, a fixed plate is arranged on the Z-axis moving platform, and the fixed plate can move on the Z-axis moving platform along the Z axis; the fixed plate is provided with an ultrafast laser and a multi-focus light condensing system, the multi-focus light condensing system emits laser emitted by the ultrafast laser to the glass adsorption platform through the cutting head, and the ultrafast laser is connected to the controller.

Further, the system also comprises a gas nozzle which cools the whole glass material after laser cutting and before oil injection cracking and is connected with the controller.

Furthermore, the oil injection micro-gun is arranged in a two-way mode by taking a longitudinal vertical plane as a symmetrical plane, one oil injection micro-gun is arranged on each side, and the included angle between each oil injection micro-gun and the symmetrical plane is 45 degrees.

Further, the system also comprises a cleaning water pool of the glass material.

Further, the ultrafast laser is a picosecond or femtosecond laser, and a Gaussian beam emitted by the ultrafast laser is shaped into a Bessel beam by a cutting head.

Further, the operating wavelength of the picosecond laser is 1030-, 1950nm, 532-, 545nm or 266-, 355 nm.

Furthermore, the working wavelength of the femtosecond laser is 780-1560nm, 513-535nm or 259-345 nm.

Further, the working pulse width of the picosecond laser is 1-500ps, and the working pulse width of the femtosecond laser is 100-900 fs.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method of the invention injects oil with a temperature difference of 80-150 ℃ with the cut material along the path after laser cutting, and forms a great temperature difference between the cutting path and the periphery, and the temperature difference is like a sharp steel knife, so that the cut glass and the substrate are cracked, and the smooth splitting after the laser cutting is realized.

2. The invention carries out on-site cutting on the glass substrate which is produced by the overflow melting method and has vertical natural drooping motion, and utilizes the high temperature of the glass substrate in the production process to inject low-temperature oil products in the cutting path in two directions, so that the cutting, splitting and cleaning of the glass substrate are realized on the production and transportation path, and the required finished product is obtained smoothly. Compared with the traditional method of cutting the split pieces after cooling and transporting, the method saves time, labor and working procedures. And is beneficial to the integration of production and processing industries.

3. The method has the advantages of low cost, short time, easy control, minimized defect factors such as micro-crack edges, edge breakage or corner breakage and the like at the edge of the glass to be cracked, good cracking effect, good lubricating property, powder settleability and cleaning property of the oil product, and good protection effect on the cut while cracking.

4. Kerosene is the first choice of the invention with excellent wettability and high temperature safety, and has excellent splinter effect.

5. The method has excellent effect on splinters after the wire forming cutting, the multi-focus condensing system cutting and the Bessel beam depth cutting of the ultrafast laser.

6. The method can realize the splitting after the laser is cut in any track.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a split of a horizontally disposed glass material after cutting by the splitting method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a glass substrate being cut and then broken in a vertical motion by the breaking method of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the oil injection micro-gun of the present invention.

Wherein: 1-a glass adsorption platform; 2-a glass substrate; 3-a laser; 4-a mirror; 5-a cutting head; 6-oil injection micro gun; 7-molten glass; 8-overflow bricks; 9-a cold water tank; 10-a conveyor belt; 11-oiling the micro gun head; 12-temperature measuring point; 13-a flange; 14-a sewage draining outlet; 15-heating the tube; 16-a baffle; 17-an insulating layer; 18-oil inlet pipe.

Detailed Description

The principles of the present invention will be clearly illustrated by the drawings and detailed description, and any person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, after understanding the preferred embodiments of the present invention, may make various changes and modifications to the invention in accordance with the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.