阅读说明：本技术 含咪唑螺环的化合物及其应用 (Imidazole spiro-containing compound and application thereof ) 是由 何锐锋 吴灿洁 潘君友 于 2019-11-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种含咪唑螺环的化合物及其应用,该化合物具有如化学式(1)所示的结构通式。该化合物稳定性好、发光效率高、寿命长、合成简单。<Image he="417" wi="545" file="DDA0002263870420000011.GIF" imgContent="drawing" imgFormat="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"></Image>(The invention relates to a compound containing imidazole spiro and application thereof, wherein the compound has a structural general formula shown in a chemical formula (1). The compound has good stability, high luminous efficiency, long service life and simple synthesis.)

1. A compound containing imidazole spiro is characterized in that the structural general formula is shown as formula (1):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the structural general formula of Ar is shown as formula (2-1) or formula (2-2):

z is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups or heteroaromatic groups with 5-60 ring atoms;

W¹～W³each occurrence is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups or heteroaromatic groups with 5-30 ring atoms;

R¹～R³each occurrence is independently selected from H, D, F, CN, alkenyl, alkynyl, amido, nitryl, acyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, sulfuryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl with 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group with 5-60 ring atoms.

2. The imidazole spiro-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the structural general formula of the imidazole spiro-containing compound is selected from any one of formulae (3-1) to (3-4):

3. the imidazole spiro-containing compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein W is a group represented by¹～W³And Z is independently selected from one of the following structural groups:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

X¹each occurrence is independently selected from CR⁴Or N;

Y¹each occurrence is independently selected from N (R)⁵)、C(R⁵R⁶)、Si(R⁵R⁶) C (═ O), S, or O;

R⁴～R⁶each occurrence is independently selected from H, D, F, CN, alkenyl, alkynyl, amido, nitryl, acyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, sulfuryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl with 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group with 5-60 ring atoms.

4. The imidazole spiro-containing compound according to claim 2, wherein W in the general formulae (3-1) to (3-4)¹～W³And at least one of Z is a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group having 9 to 30 ring atoms.

5. The imidazole spiro-containing compound according to claim 4, wherein the fused ring aromatic group or fused ring heteroaromatic group having 9 to 30 ring atoms is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

X¹each occurrence is independently selected from CR⁴Or N;

Y¹each occurrence is independently selected from N (R)⁵)、C(R⁵R⁶)、Si(R⁵R⁶) C (═ O), S, or O;

R⁴～R⁶each occurrence is independently selected from H, D, F, CN, alkenyl, alkynyl, amido, nitryl, acyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, sulfuryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-30 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted carbonA cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 ring atoms.

6. The imidazole spiro-containing compound according to claim 3, wherein the general structural formula of the imidazole spiro-containing compound is any one selected from formulas (4-1) to (4-12):

7. the imidazole spiro-containing compound according to claim 3, wherein the general structural formula of the imidazole spiro-containing compound is any one selected from formulas (5-1) to (5-12):

8. the imidazole spiro-containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein R is¹～R³Each independently selected from one of the following structural groups:

wherein, X²Each occurrence is independently selected from N or CR⁷；

Y²Each occurrence is independently selected from N (R)⁸)、C(R⁸R⁹)、Si(R⁸R⁹)、O、C＝N(R⁸)、C＝C(R⁸R⁹)、P(R⁸)、P(＝O)R⁸S, S ═ O or SO₂；

Y³Each timeEach occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, N (R)⁸)、C(R⁸R⁹)、Si(R⁸R⁹)、O、C＝N(R⁸)、C＝C(R⁸R⁹)、P(R⁸)、P(＝O)R⁸S, S ═ O or SO₂；

R⁷～R¹²Each independently selected from H, D, F, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, an aromatic or heteroaromatic group;

W⁴represents an aromatic group or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms.

9. The compound containing a spirocyclic structure according to claim 8, wherein R is¹～R³Each independently selected from one of the structural groups shown as follows:

10. a polymer comprising at least one repeating unit comprising a structural unit represented by the formula (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A mixture comprising the imidazole spiro-ring containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or the high polymer according to claim 10, and at least one organic functional material selected from a hole injection material, a hole transport material, an electron injection material, an electron blocking material, a hole blocking material, a light emitter, a host material, or an organic dye.

12. A composition comprising the imidazole spiro-ring-containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or the high polymer according to claim 10, and at least one organic solvent.

13. An organic electronic device prepared from a raw material comprising at least one imidazole spiro-containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a high polymer according to claim 10, or a mixture according to claim 11, or a composition according to claim 12.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of photoelectric materials, in particular to a compound, a high polymer, a mixture, a composition and an organic electronic device containing imidazole spiro.

Background

The organic semiconductor material has the characteristics of structural diversity, relatively low manufacturing cost, excellent photoelectric performance and the like, and has great potential in the application of photoelectric devices (such as flat panel displays and illumination) such as Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs).

In order to improve the light emitting performance of the organic light emitting diode and to advance the large-scale industrialization process of the organic light emitting diode, various organic photoelectric performance material systems have been widely developed. However, the properties of OLEDs, in particular the lifetime and the stability, are still to be improved further. Efficient and stable organic photoelectric performance materials are urgently needed to be developed.

The phosphorescent light emitting material can emit light by using singlet excitons and triplet excitons at the same time, and an organic light emitting diode using the phosphorescent light emitting material can achieve almost 100% of internal electroluminescence quantum efficiency, and thus becomes a mainstream light emitting material system in the industry at present, particularly red and green light. However, the red-green phosphorescent light-emitting material is susceptible to charge transfer imbalance and aggregation-induced quenching, and a main material is a key to obtain a high-efficiency long-life light-emitting diode.

The host material plays important roles such as energy transfer and exciton dispersion in the light-emitting layer. Whereas energy transport mainly involves charge transport and transfer of excitonic energy. In terms of charge transport, the host material is required to have good electron and hole mobility so that electrons and holes can be sufficiently transported in the light-emitting layer. From the viewpoint of both energy transfer and exciton dispersion, the host material structure needs to have a certain steric hindrance to prevent quenching of excitons caused by close packing of molecules, and generally, a structural unit with good transportability and a twisted structural unit are combined.

In the prior art, a spirofluorene structural unit is often used as a twisted structural unit to be applied to a main material, as described in patents WO2014023388, US 2017069806 and the like, the spirofluorene structural unit is used as a core framework, so that good device performance can be obtained, for example, by properly combining spirofluorene with an imidazole structure, the twisted structure of the material can be maintained, and meanwhile, the imidazole structure has good transmission capability, so that the material device performance is expected to be further improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an imidazole spiro ring-containing compound and its application, which are intended to solve the problems of low performance of the conventional organic electronic device and low device performance.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a compound containing imidazole spiro is characterized in that the structural general formula is shown as formula (1):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the structural general formula of Ar is shown as formula (2-1) or formula (2-2):

z is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups or heteroaromatic groups with 5-60 ring atoms;

W¹～W³each occurrence is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups or heteroaromatic groups with 5-30 ring atoms;

R¹～R³each occurrence is independently selected from H, D, F, CN, alkenyl, alkynyl, amido, nitryl, acyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, sulfuryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl with 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group with 5-60 ring atoms.

A high polymer comprising at least one repeating unit comprising a structural unit represented by the above formula (1).

A mixture comprising one of the above compounds or the above high polymers and at least one organic functional material selected from hole injection materials, hole transport materials, electron injection materials, electron blocking materials, hole blocking materials, light emitters, host materials or organic dyes.

A composition comprising one of the above compounds or the above high polymer, and at least one organic solvent.

An organic electronic device prepared from raw materials comprising at least one of the above-mentioned compounds or the above-mentioned polymers or mixtures of the above-mentioned or the above-mentioned compositions.

Has the advantages that: the imidazole spiro structural unit is used as a twisted structural unit and applied to the main body material, the silicon spiro structural unit is used as a core framework, and a series of compounds containing the imidazole spiro structure are obtained by changing the side group, so that the variety of the main body material is enriched. The compound containing imidazole spiro ring provided by the invention is used in OLED, especially as a luminescent layer material, and can provide better device performance. The reason for this is not limited to the following, but the imidazole spiro-containing compound of the present invention combines the imidazole structure with good transport property and the spirofluorene structure unit with a twisted structure properly, so that it has good transport property and can realize good exciton dispersion effect, thereby improving the efficiency and lifetime of the related materials and devices.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a compound containing imidazole spiro and application thereof. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

In the present invention, the composition and the printing ink, or ink, have the same meaning and are interchangeable.

In the present invention, the Host material, Matrix material, Host or Matrix material have the same meaning and are interchangeable with each other.

In the present invention, "substituted" means that a hydrogen atom in a substituent is substituted by a substituent.

In the present invention, the "number of ring atoms" represents the number of atoms among atoms constituting the ring itself of a structural compound (for example, a monocyclic compound, a condensed ring compound, a crosslinked compound, a carbocyclic compound, and a heterocyclic compound) in which atoms are bonded in a ring shape. When the ring is substituted with a substituent, the atoms contained in the substituent are not included in the ring-forming atoms. The "number of ring atoms" described below is the same unless otherwise specified. For example, the number of ring atoms of the benzene ring is 6, the number of ring atoms of the naphthalene ring is 10, and the number of ring atoms of the thienyl group is 5.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the energy level structure of the organic material, the triplet state energy level E_THOMO, LUMO play a key role. These energy levels are described below.

The HOMO and LUMO energy levels can be measured by the photoelectric effect, for example XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy) or by cyclic voltammetry (hereinafter referred to as CV). Recently, quantum chemical methods, such as the density functional theory (hereinafter abbreviated as DFT), have become effective methods for calculating the molecular orbital level.

Triplet energy level E of organic material_T1Can be measured by low temperature Time resolved luminescence spectroscopy, or can be obtained by quantum simulation calculations (e.g., by Time-dependent DFT), such as by commercial software Gaussian 03W (Gaussian inc.), specific simulation methods can be found in WO2011141110 or as described in the examples below.

Note that HOMO, LUMO, E_T1The absolute value of (c) depends on the measurement method or calculation method used, and even for the same method, different methods of evaluation, for example starting point and peak point on the CV curve, can give different HOMO/LUMO values. Thus, a reasonably meaningful comparison should be made with the same measurement method and the same evaluation method. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, HOMO, LUMO, E_T1Is based on the simulation of the Time-dependent DFT but does not affect the application of other measurement or calculation methods.

In the present invention, (HOMO-1) is defined as the second highest occupied orbital level, (HOMO-2) is defined as the third highest occupied orbital level, and so on. (LUMO +1) is defined as the second lowest unoccupied orbital level, (LUMO +2) is the third lowest occupied orbital level, and so on.

A compound containing imidazole spiro is characterized in that the structural general formula is shown as formula (1):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the structural general formula of Ar is shown as formula (2-1) or formula (2-2):

z represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 ring atoms; preferably, Z represents a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms;

W¹～W³each occurrence is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups or heteroaromatic groups with 5-30 ring atoms; preferably, W¹～W³At least one of the groups is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms; preferably, W¹～W³At least two of the groups are selected from substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic groups or condensed ring heteroaromatic groups with 9-30 ring atoms;

R¹～R³each occurrence is independently selected from H, D, F, CN, alkenyl, alkynyl, amido, nitryl, acyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, sulfuryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl with 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group with 5-60 ring atoms;

in some preferred embodiments, R¹～R³Each occurrence is independently selected from D, CN, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl with 3-18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group with 5-30 ring atoms; in a more preferred embodiment, R¹～R³Each occurrence is independently selected from D, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-12 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group with 5-20 ring atoms; in the most preferred embodiment, R¹～R³Each occurrence is independently selected from D, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-6 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heteroaromatic group with 5-15 ring atoms.

In some preferred embodiments, the structural formula of the compound containing the imidazole spiro ring is selected from any one of formulas (3-1) to (3-4):

in a preferred embodiment, W in the general formula (3-1)¹～W³And Z is at least one selected from a condensed ring aromatic group or a condensed ring heteroaromatic group having 9 to 30 ring atoms which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In a preferred embodiment, W in the general formula (3-1)²Or Z is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms. In a preferred embodiment, Z in the general formula (3-1) is selected from substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic groups or condensed ring heteroaromatic groups with 9-30 ring atoms. In a preferred embodiment, W in the general formula (3-1)²The aromatic group is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms. In a preferred embodiment, W in the general formula (3-1)²And Z is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms.

In a preferred embodiment, W in said general formulae (3-2) to (3-4)¹～W³And at least one of Z is a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group having 9 to 30 ring atoms. In a preferred embodiment, W in said general formulae (3-2) to (3-4)²Or Z is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms. In a preferred embodiment, Z in the general formulas (3-2) - (3-4) is selected from substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic groups or condensed ring heteroaromatic groups with 9-30 ring atoms. In a preferred embodiment, W in said general formulae (3-2) to (3-4)²The aromatic group is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms. In a preferred embodiment, W in said general formulae (3-2) to (3-4)²And Z is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic group or condensed ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms.

In some preferred embodiments, said W¹～W³And Z is independently selected from one of the following structural groups:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

X¹each occurrence is independently selected from CR⁴Or N;

Y¹each occurrence is independently selected from N (R)⁵)、C(R⁵R⁶)、Si(R⁵R⁶) C (═ O), S, or O;

R⁴～R⁶each occurrence of the substituent independently represents H, D, F, CN, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, nitro, acyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, sulfone, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl with 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group with 5-60 ring atoms; r⁵And R⁶May form aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems with one another.

In some preferred embodiments, said W¹～W³And Z is independently selected from one of the following structural groups:

the H atoms of the above structure may be further substituted.

In a preferred embodiment, W¹～W³And Z are each selected from an aromatic group or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 6 ring atoms, and further, W¹～ W³And Z is selected from

In a preferred embodiment, W¹～W³Selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5 to 6 ring atoms, in particular W¹～W³Is selected fromIn one embodiment, W¹～W³Is selected from

In one embodiment, W¹～W³Is selected from

In a preferred embodiment, W¹～W³At least one of them is selected from benzene and its derivatives; in a preferred embodiment, W¹～W³At least two of which are selected from benzene and its derivatives; in a preferred embodiment, W¹～W³Are selected from benzene and its derivatives.

In a preferred embodiment, Z is selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5 to 6 ring atoms, in particular Z is selected from

In one embodiment, Z is selected from

In one embodiment, Z is selected from

When W in the formula (3-1)¹～W³And Z is selected from benzene, R²Is selected from

In some preferred embodiments, the structural formula of the compound containing the imidazole spiro ring is selected from any one of formulas (4-1) to (4-12):

in one embodiment, the imidazole spiro-containing compound according to the present application, the fused ring aromatic group or fused ring heteroaromatic group having 9 to 30 ring atoms is selected from the following groups:

further, the fused ring aromatic group or the fused ring heteroaromatic group with 9-30 ring atoms is selected from the following groups:

in a preferred embodiment, said W²Selected from a fused ring aromatic group or a fused ring heteroaromatic group; more preferably, W²Is selected from

In a preferred embodiment, Z is selected from a fused ring aromatic group or a fused ring heteroaromatic group; more preferably, Z is selected from

In some preferred embodiments, the structural formula of the compound containing the imidazole spiro ring is selected from any one of formulas (5-1) to (5-12):

in some preferred embodiments, the R is¹～R³Each independently selected from one of the following structural groups:

wherein, X²Each occurrence is independently selected from N or CR⁷；

Y²Each occurrence is independently selected from N (R)⁸)、C(R⁸R⁹)、Si(R⁸R⁹)、O、C＝N(R⁸)、C＝C(R⁸R⁹)、P(R⁸)、P(＝O)R⁸S, S ═ O or SO₂；

Y³Each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, N (R)⁸)、C(R⁸R⁹)、Si(R⁸R⁹)、O、C＝N(R⁸)、C＝C(R⁸R⁹)、P(R⁸)、P(＝O)R⁸S, S ═ O or SO₂；

R⁷～R¹²Each independently selected from H, D, F, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, an aromatic or heteroaromatic group; w⁴Represents an aromatic group or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms.

Preferably, R¹～R³Each independently selected from one of the following structural groups:

in some preferred embodiments, the R is¹～R³Each independently selected from one of the following structural groups:

in the present invention, "aromatic group" or "aryl group" means a hydrocarbon group containing at least one aromatic ring, and includes monocyclic groups and polycyclic ring systems. "heteroaromatic group" or "heteroaromatic group" refers to a hydrocarbon group (containing heteroatoms) containing at least one aromatic heterocyclic ring, including monocyclic groups and polycyclic ring systems. These polycyclic rings may have two or more rings in which two carbon atoms are shared by two adjacent rings, i.e., fused rings. At least one of these rings of the polycyclic ring system is aromatic or heteroaromatic. For the purposes of the present invention, aromatic or heteroaromatic groups include not only aromatic or heteroaromatic systems, but also systems in which a plurality of aromatic or heteroaromatic groups may also be interrupted by short nonaromatic units (e.g.C, N, O, Si, S or P atoms). Thus, for example, systems such as 9, 9' -spirobifluorene, 9, 9-diarylfluorene, triarylamines, diaryl ethers, etc., are also considered aromatic groups for the purposes of this invention.

Specifically, examples of the aromatic group are: benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, perylene, tetracene, pyrene, benzopyrene, triphenylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, and derivatives thereof.

Specifically, examples of heteroaromatic groups are: furan, benzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, imidazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, tetrazole, indole, carbazole, pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, thienothiophene, furopyrrole, furofuran, thienofuran, benzisoxazole, benzisothiazole, benzimidazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, quinoxaline, phenanthridine, primadine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, and derivatives thereof.

In certain preferred embodiments, the compounds according to the invention, which are ((LUMO +1) -LUMO) ≥ 0.2eV, preferably ≥ 0.25eV, more preferably ≥ 0.3eV, even more preferably ≥ 0.35eV, even more preferably ≥ 0.4eV, and most preferably ≥ 0.45 eV.

In certain preferred embodiments, the compounds according to the invention, whose ((HOMO- (HOMO-1)). gtoreq.0.2 eV, are preferably ≧ 0.25eV, more preferably ≧ 0.3eV, still more preferably ≧ 0.35eV, still more preferably ≧ 0.4eV, and most preferably ≧ 0.45 eV.

Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention are shown below, but not limited thereto:

in some preferred embodiments, T of the nitrogen-containing polycyclic compound₁More than or equal to 2.2eV, preferably more than or equal to 2.4eV, more preferably more than or equal to 2.5eV, and most preferably more than or equal to 2.6 eV.

In certain preferred embodiments, the compounds of the present invention have a glass transition temperature T_gNot less than 100 ℃, preferably T_gMore preferably, T is 120 ℃ or more_g140 ℃ or higher, further preferably T_gNot less than 160 ℃, most preferably, T_g≥180℃。

In a more preferred embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are partially deuterated, preferably 10% H is deuterated, more preferably 20% H is deuterated, even more preferably 30% H is deuterated, and most preferably 40% H is deuterated.

In a preferred embodiment, the compound of the invention is a small molecule material.

In a preferred embodiment, the compounds of the invention are used in evaporative OLED devices. For this purpose, the compounds of the invention have a molecular weight of 1000mol/kg or less, preferably 900mol/kg or less, more preferably 850mol/kg or less, even more preferably 800mol/kg or less, most preferably 700mol/kg or less.

The invention also relates to a high polymer, wherein at least one repeating unit comprises a structure shown as a general formula (1). In certain embodiments, the polymer is a non-conjugated polymer, wherein the structural unit of formula (1) is in a side chain. In another preferred embodiment, the polymer is a conjugated polymer.

The term "small molecule" as defined herein refers to a molecule that is not a polymer, oligomer, dendrimer, or blend. In particular, there is no repeat structure in small molecules. The small molecules have a molecular weight of 3000 g/mol or less, preferably 2000 g/mol or less, more preferably 1500 g/mol or less.

Polymers, i.e., polymers, include homopolymers (homo polymers), copolymers (copolymers), and block copolymers. In addition, in the present invention, the high polymer also includes Dendrimers (dendromers), and for the synthesis and use of Dendrimers, see [ Dendrimers and Dendrons, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2002, Ed. George R. Newkome, Charles N. Moorefield, Fritz Vogtle ].

Conjugated polymer (conjugated polymer) is a polymer whose backbone is mainly composed of sp2 hybridized orbitals of C atoms, notable examples being: polyacetylene and poly (phenylenevinylene), the main chain C atom of which can be replaced by other non-C atoms, and when the main chain sp2 hybridization is interrupted by some natural defect, the polymer is still considered to be a conjugated polymer. In the present invention, the conjugated polymer may include arylamines (aryl amines), aryl phosphines (aryl phosphines) and other heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (heterocyclic aromatics), organic metal complexes (organometallic complexes) in the main chain.

The invention also relates to a mixture comprising an organic compound or polymer as described above, and at least one further organic functional material. The other organic functional material includes a hole (also called hole) injection or transport material (HIM/HTM), a Hole Blocking Material (HBM), an electron injection or transport material (EIM/ETM), an Electron Blocking Material (EBM), an organic Host material (Host), a singlet emitter (fluorescent emitter), an organic thermal excitation delayed fluorescence material (TADF material), a triplet emitter (phosphorescent emitter), particularly a light-emitting organometallic complex, and an organic dye. Various organic functional materials are described in detail, for example, in WO2010135519a1, US20090134784a1 and WO 2011110277a1, and the entire contents of this 3 patent document are incorporated herein by reference. The organic functional material can be small molecule and high polymer material.

In a preferred embodiment, the mixture comprises an organic compound or polymer of the invention and a phosphorescent emitter. The organic compounds of the invention can be used as hosts, the phosphorescent emitters being present in an amount of 30 wt.% or less, preferably 25 wt.% or less, more preferably 20 wt.% or less.

In another preferred embodiment, the mixture comprises an organic functional material H1 selected from the group consisting of the compounds or polymers described above, and at least another organic functional material H2 selected from the group consisting of hole (also called hole) injection or transport materials (HIM/HTM), electron injection or transport materials (EIM/ETM), Electron Blocking Materials (EBM), and organic Host materials (Host).

In certain preferred embodiments, the organic mixtures according to the invention, wherein min ((LUMO (H1) -HOMO (H2), LUMO (H2) -HOMO (H1)) ≦ min (ET (H1), ET (H2)) +0.1eV, wherein LUMO (H1), HOMO (H1) and ET (H1) are the lowest unoccupied orbital, the highest occupied orbital, the energy level of the triplet state of H1, respectively, LUMO (H2), HOMO (H2) and ET (H2) are the lowest unoccupied orbital, the highest occupied orbital, the energy level of the triplet state of H2, respectively.

In certain preferred embodiments, the organic mixtures according to the invention are those in which min ((LUMO (H1) -HOMO (H2), LUMO (H2) -HOMO (H1)) ≦ min (ET (H1), ET (H2));

in certain more preferred embodiments, the organic mixtures according to the present invention have a min ((LUMO (H1) -HOMO (H2), LUMO (H2) -HOMO (H1)). ltoreq.min (ET (H1), ET (H2)) -0.1 eV;

in certain preferred embodiments, the organic mixtures according to the present invention, wherein at least one of H1 and H2 ((LUMO +1) -LUMO) is ≧ 0.001eV, preferably ≧ 0.2eV, more preferably ≧ 0.25eV, still more preferably ≧ 0.3eV, yet more preferably ≧ 0.35eV, still more preferably ≧ 0.4eV, and most preferably ≧ 0.45 eV.

In a more preferred embodiment, the organic mixture according to the invention, wherein H1 has a value of ((LUMO +1) -LUMO) ≥ 0.001eV, preferably ≥ 0.2eV, more preferably ≥ 0.25eV, even more preferably ≥ 0.3eV, yet even more preferably ≥ 0.35eV, yet even more preferably ≥ 0.4eV, most preferably ≥ 0.45 eV.

In certain preferred embodiments, the organic mixtures according to the present invention wherein at least one of H1 and H2 ((HOMO- (HOMO-1)) > 0.1eV, preferably 0.2eV, more preferably 0.25eV, even more preferably 0.3eV, even more preferably 0.35eV, even more preferably 0.4eV, and most preferably 0.45 eV.

In a preferred embodiment, the organic mixture wherein the molar ratio of H1 to H2 is 2: 8-8: 2; the preferable molar ratio is 3: 7-7: 3; more preferably, the molar ratio is 4: 6-6: 4; the most preferable molar ratio is 4.5:5.5 to 5.5: 4.5.

In a preferred embodiment, the organic mixture wherein the difference between the molecular weights of H1 and H2 is 100Dalton or less, preferably 80 Dalton or less, more preferably 70Dalton or less, even more preferably 60Dalton or less, even more preferably 40Dalton or less, and most preferably 30Dalton or less.

In another preferred embodiment, the organic mixture wherein the difference between the sublimation temperatures of H1 and H2 is 50K or less, preferably 30K or less, more preferably 20K or less, and most preferably 10K or less.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of H1 and H2 in the organic mixture according to the invention has a glass transition temperature Tg of 100 ℃ or higher, preferably 120 ℃ or higher; more preferably, Tg is not less than 140 ℃; further preferably, Tg is not less than 160 ℃; most preferably, the Tg is ≧ 180 ℃. In another preferred embodiment, the mixture comprises an organic compound or polymer of the invention, another host material and a phosphorescent emitter. The organic compound of the present invention is used as a co-host material, and the weight percentage is 10 wt% or more, preferably 20 wt% or more, more preferably 30 wt% or more, and most preferably 40 wt% or more.

In a preferred embodiment, the mixture comprises an organic compound or polymer of the invention, a phosphorescent emitter and a host material. In such an embodiment, the organic compound of the present invention can be used as an auxiliary light emitting material, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary light emitting material to the phosphorescent emitter is 1:2 to 2: 1. In another preferred embodiment, the organic compounds of the invention have a higher T1 than the phosphorescent emitter.

In certain embodiments, the mixture comprises one organic compound or polymer of the present invention, and another TADF material.

In other preferred embodiments, the mixture comprises one organic compound or polymer of the invention, and another ETM material.

Triplet host materials, triplet emitters and TADF materials are described in some more detail below (but not limited thereto).

① Triplet Host material (Triplet Host)

Examples of the triplet host material are not particularly limited, and any metal complex or organic compound may be used as the host as long as the triplet energy level thereof is higher than that of a light emitter, particularly a triplet light emitter or a phosphorescent light emitter.

Examples of metal complexes that can be used as triplet hosts (Host) include, but are not limited to, the following general structures:

m is a metal; (Y4-Y5) is a bidentate ligand, Y4 and Y5 are independently selected from C, N, O, P, and S; l is an ancillary ligand; m is an integer having a value from 1 to the maximum coordination number of the metal; in a preferred embodiment, the metal complexes useful as triplet hosts are of the form:

(O-N) is a bidentate ligand wherein the metal is coordinated to both O and N atoms, and m is an integer having a value from 1 up to the maximum coordination number of the metal;

in one embodiment, M may be selected from Ir and Pt.

Examples of the organic compound which can be a triplet host are selected from compounds containing a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group such as benzene, biphenyl, triphenylbenzene, benzofluorene; compounds containing aromatic heterocyclic groups, such as dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoselenophene, carbazole, dibenzocarbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridine indole, pyrrole bipyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, triazoles, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, bisoxazole, thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, oxazine, oxathiazine, oxadiazine, indole, benzimidazole, indazole, oxazole, dibenzooxazole, benzisoxazole, benzothiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, naphthalene, phthalein, pteridine, xanthene, acridine, phenazine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzofuran pyridine, furopyridine, benzothiophene pyridine, thiophene pyridine, benzoselenophene pyridine, and selenophene benzodipyridine; groups having 2 to 10 ring structures, which may be the same or different types of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups or aromatic heterocyclic groups, are bonded to each other directly or through at least one group selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom, a chain structural unit and an alicyclic group. Wherein each Ar may be further substituted, and the substituents may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, cyano, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkene, alkyne, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.

In a preferred embodiment, the triplet host material may be selected from compounds comprising at least one of the following groups:

wherein: when Y occurs multiple times, each Y is independently selected from C (R)2 or NR or O or S; when X appears for multiple times, X is respectively and independently selected from CR or N, Ar 1-Ar 3 are selected from aryl or heteroaryl, and R is selected from the following groups: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I), cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups, n being selected from an integer from 1 to 20.

Preferably, H2 is selected from the following general formula:

examples of suitable triplet host materials are listed in the following table but are not limited to:

② Triplet Emitter (Triplet Emitter)

Triplet emitters are also known as phosphorescent emitters. In a preferred embodiment, the triplet emitter is a metal complex of the general formula M (L) n, where M is a metal atom, L, which may be the same or different at each occurrence, is an organic ligand which is bonded or coordinately bound to the metal atom M via one or more positions, and n is an integer from 1 to 6. Preferably, the triplet emitter comprises a chelating ligand, i.e. a ligand, which coordinates to the metal via at least two binding sites, particular preference being given to triplet emitters comprising two or three identical or different bidentate or polydentate ligands. Chelating ligands are advantageous for increasing the stability of the metal complex. In a preferred embodiment, the metal complexes which can be used as triplet emitters are of the form:

the metal atom M is selected from the transition metals or the lanthanides or actinides, preferably Ir, Pt, Pd, Au, Rh, Ru, Os, Re, Cu, Ag, Ni, Co, W or Eu, particularly preferably Ir, Au, Pt, W or Os.

Ar1, Ar2, which may be the same or different at each occurrence, is a cyclic group wherein Ar1 contains at least one donor atom, i.e., an atom having a lone pair of electrons, such as nitrogen, through which the cyclic group is coordinately bound to the metal; wherein Ar2 contains at least one carbon atom through which the cyclic group is attached to the metal; ar1 and Ar2 are linked together by a covalent bond, may each carry one or more substituent groups, which may in turn be linked together by a substituent group; l', which may be the same or different at each occurrence, is a bidentate chelating ancillary ligand, preferably a monoanionic bidentate chelating ligand; q1 can be 0,1,2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3; q2 can be 0,1,2 or 3, preferably 1 or 0. Examples of organic ligands may be selected from phenylpyridine derivatives or 7, 8-benzoquinoline derivatives. All of these organic ligands may be substituted, for example, with alkyl or fluorine or silicon. The ancillary ligand may preferably be selected from acetone acetate or picric acid.

Examples of materials and their use for some triplet emitters can be found in patent documents and literature, WO200070655, WO200141512, WO200202714, WO200215645, WO2005033244, WO2005019373, US20050258742, US20070087219, US20070252517, US2008027220, WO2009146770, US20090061681, US20090061681, WO2009118087, WO2010015307, WO2010054731, WO2011157339, WO2012007087, WO 2012012012012012018, WO2013107487, WO2013094620, WO2013174471, WO 2014031977, WO 2014112450, WO2014007565, WO 2014024131, Baldo et al (2000),750, Adachi et al.Appl. Phys. Lett. (2001),1622, Kido et al.Phyt. Phyt. Lery, Lepith.2001, Mah.994, Mah et al, Meth et al (1998), and Met et al (Meth et al, Met et al, 1974, Meth et al, Meth. The entire contents of the above listed patent documents and literature are hereby incorporated by reference. Some examples of suitable triplet emitters are listed in the following table:

③ thermally activated delayed fluorescence luminescent material (TADF)

The traditional organic fluorescent material can only emit light by utilizing 25% singlet excitons formed by electric excitation, and the internal quantum efficiency of the device is low (up to 25%). Although the phosphorescence material enhances the intersystem crossing due to the strong spin-orbit coupling of the heavy atom center, the singlet excitons and the triplet excitons formed by the electric excitation can be effectively used for emitting light, so that the internal quantum efficiency of the device reaches 100 percent. However, the application of the phosphorescent material in the OLED is limited by the problems of high price, poor material stability, serious efficiency roll-off of the device and the like. The thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitting material is a third generation organic emitting material developed after organic fluorescent materials and organic phosphorescent materials. Such materials typically have a small singlet-triplet energy level difference (Δ E)_st) The triplet excitons may be converted to singlet excitons by intersystem crossing to emit light. This can make full use of singlet excitons and triplet excitons formed upon electrical excitation. The quantum efficiency in the device can reach 100%. Meanwhile, the material has controllable structure, stable property, low price and no need of noble metal, and the method is characterized in thatThe application prospect in the OLED field is wide.

TADF materials need to have a small singlet-triplet energy level difference, preferably Δ Est <0.3eV, more preferably Δ Est <0.25eV, even more preferably Δ Est <0.20eV, and most preferably Δ Est <0.1 eV. In a preferred embodiment, the TADF material has a relatively small Δ Est, and in another preferred embodiment, the TADF has a good fluorescence quantum efficiency. Some TADF luminescent materials may be found in patent documents CN103483332(a), TW201309696(a), TW201309778(a), TW201343874(a), TW201350558(a), US20120217869(a1), WO2013133359(a1), WO2013154064(a1), Adachi, et. al. adv.mater, 21,2009,4802, Adachi, et. al.appl.Phyts.lett., 98,2011,083302, Adachi, et. al.appl.Phyts.Lett, Adachi 101,2012,093306, Adachi, Chem.chem.Commun, 48,2012,11392, Adachi, et. Nature, 6,2012,253, Adachi, et. Nature, Adachi, 234, Adachi, adachi.J.7, Adachi.J.7, Adachi.7, et. Adachi.7, Adachi.8, Adachi.J.7, Adachi.7, et. chem.7, et. Adachi.7, et. chem.7, et. incorporated herein by reference.

Some examples of suitable TADF phosphors are listed in the following table:

it is another object of the present invention to provide a material solution for printing OLEDs.

For this purpose, the compounds of the invention have a molecular weight of 700mol/kg or more, preferably 800mol/kg or more, more preferably 900mol/kg or more, still more preferably 1000mol/kg or more, most preferably 1100mol/kg or more.

In other preferred embodiments, the compounds of the invention have a solubility in toluene of 10mg/ml or more, preferably 15 mg/ml or more, more preferably 20mg/ml or more, at 25 ℃.

The present invention further relates to a composition or ink comprising an organic compound or polymer of the present invention and at least one organic solvent.

For the printing process, the viscosity of the ink, surface tension, is an important parameter. Suitable inks have surface tension parameters suitable for a particular substrate and a particular printing process.

In a preferred embodiment, the ink of the present invention has a surface tension at operating temperature or at 25 ℃ of from about 19dyne/cm to about 50 dyne/cm, more preferably from about 22dyne/cm to about 35dyne/cm, and most preferably from about 25dyne/cm to about 33 dyne/cm.

In another preferred embodiment, the viscosity of the ink of the present invention is about 1cps to 100cps, preferably 1cps to 50cps, more preferably 1.5cps to 20cps, and most preferably 4.0cps to 20cps at the working temperature or 25 ℃. The composition so formulated will facilitate ink jet printing.

The viscosity can be adjusted by different methods, such as by appropriate solvent selection and concentration of the functional material in the ink. The inks according to the invention comprising said organometallic complexes or polymers facilitate the adjustment of the printing inks to the appropriate range according to the printing process used. Generally, the composition according to the present invention comprises the functional material in a weight ratio of 0.3 wt% to 30 wt%, preferably 0.5 wt% to 20 wt%, more preferably 0.5 wt% to 15 wt%, further preferably 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%, and most preferably 1 wt% to 5 wt%.

In some embodiments, in the inks of the present invention, the at least one organic solvent is chosen from aromatic or heteroaromatic-based solvents, in particular aliphatic chain/ring substituted aromatic solvents, or aromatic ketone solvents, or aromatic ether solvents.

Examples of solvents suitable for the present invention include aromatic or heteroaromatic solvents such as p-diisopropylbenzene, pentylbenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, cyclohexylbenzene, chloronaphthalene, 1, 4-dimethylnaphthalene, 3-isopropylbiphenyl, p-methylisophenyl, dipentylbenzene, tripentylbenzene, pentyltoluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-diethylbenzene, m-diethylbenzene, p-diethylbenzene, 1,2,3, 4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3, 5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4, 5-tetramethylbenzene, butylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, dihexylbenzene, dibutylbenzene, p-diisopropylbenzene, 1-methoxynaphthalene, cyclohexylbenzene, dimethylnaphthalene, 3-isopropylbiphenyl, p-methylacrylene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene, 1, 3-dipropoxybenzene, 4-difluorodiphenylmethane, 1, 2-dimethoxy-4- (1-propenyl) benzene, diphenylmethane, 2-phenylpyridine, 3-methylphenidate, N-methylphenidate, 4-dimethoxyphenyl-4- (1, 2-propylphenyl) benzophenone, 1, 2-dimethoxybenzyl-2-dimethoxyphenyl-4- (1-propenyl) benzene, 2-dimethoxyphenyl) benzophenone, 2-dimethoxybenzyl-2-ethyl-2-phenoxyacetone, 2-dimethoxybenzyl-2-isopropyl-methyl-1, 2-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-methyl-phenyl-methyl-phenyl-methyl-benzene, 1, 2-methyl-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-methyl-2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-methyl-2-ethyl-benzene, 2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-benzene, 2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-benzene, 2-ethyl-methyl-butyl-ethyl-benzene, 1, 2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-benzene, 2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-benzene, 2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-benzene, 2-butyl-methyl-ethyl-benzene, 2-ethyl-benzene, 2-ethyl-benzene, phenyl-benzene, phenyl-ethyl.

Further, in the ink of the present invention, the at least one solvent may be selected from: aliphatic ketones such as 2-nonanone, 3-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2-decanone, 2, 5-hexanedione, 2,6, 8-trimethyl-4-nonanone, phorone, di-n-amyl ketone and the like; or aliphatic ethers such as amyl ether, hexyl ether, dioctyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the like.

In other preferred embodiments, the printing ink further comprises another organic solvent. Examples of another organic solvent include (but are not limited to): methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, morpholine, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1, 4-dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1, 2-dichloroethane, 3-phenoxytoluene, 1,1, 1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydronaphthalene, decalin, indene, and/or mixtures thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the invention is a solution.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition of the invention is a suspension.

The organic compound or mixture thereof of the present invention may be included in the composition of the embodiment of the present invention in a weight percentage of 0.01 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%, more preferably 0.2 wt% to 10 wt%, and most preferably 0.25 wt% to 5 wt%.

The invention also relates to the use of said composition as a coating or printing ink for the production of organic electronic devices, particularly preferably by a printing or coating production process.

Suitable printing or coating techniques include, but are not limited to, ink jet printing, spray printing (Nozleprinting), letterpress printing, screen printing, dip coating, spin coating, doctor blade coating, roll printing, twist roll printing, lithographic printing, flexographic printing, rotary printing, spray coating, brush or pad printing, slot die coating, and the like. Ink jet printing, jet printing and gravure printing are preferred. The solution or suspension may additionally include one or more components such as surface active compounds, lubricants, wetting agents, dispersants, hydrophobing agents, binders, and the like, for adjusting viscosity, film forming properties, enhancing adhesion, and the like. For details on the printing technology and its requirements concerning the solutions, such as solvent and concentration, viscosity, etc., reference is made to the Handbook of Print Media, technology and production Methods, published by Helmut Kipphan, ISBN 3-540-67326-1.

The invention further relates to an organic electronic device which is an electroluminescent device comprising a substrate, an anode, at least one light-emitting layer, a cathode and optionally a hole transport layer. In some embodiments, a compound or polymer according to the present invention is included in the hole transport layer. In a preferred embodiment, the light-emitting layer contains a compound or polymer of the present invention, and more preferably, the light-emitting layer contains a compound or polymer of the present invention, and at least one light-emitting material, which may be preferably a fluorescent light-emitting body, a phosphorescent light-emitting body, or a TADF material.

The device structure of the electroluminescent device will be described below, but is not limited thereto.

The substrate may be opaque or transparent. A transparent substrate may be used to fabricate a transparent light emitting device. See, for example, Bulovic et al Nature 1996,380, p29, and Gu et al, appl.Phys.Lett.1996,68, p 2606. The substrate may be rigid or flexible. The substrate may be plastic, metal, semiconductor wafer or glass. Preferably, the substrate has a smooth surface. A substrate free of surface defects is a particularly desirable choice. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is flexible, and may be selected from a polymeric film or plastic, having a glass transition temperature Tg of 150 ℃ or higher, preferably above 200 ℃, more preferably above 250 ℃, and most preferably above 300 ℃. Examples of suitable flexible substrates are poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyethylene glycol (2, 6-naphthalene) (PEN).

The anode may comprise a conductive metal or metal oxide, or a conductive polymer. The anode can easily inject holes into a Hole Injection Layer (HIL) or a Hole Transport Layer (HTL) or an emission layer. In an embodiment, the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the anode and the HOMO level or the valence band level of the emitter in the light emitting layer or the p-type semiconductor material as HIL or HTL or Electron Blocking Layer (EBL) is less than 0.5eV, preferably less than 0.3eV, most preferably less than 0.2 eV. Examples of anode materials include, but are not limited to: al, Cu, Au, Ag, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and the like. Other suitable anode materials are known and can be readily selected for use by one of ordinary skill in the art. The anode material may be deposited using any suitable technique, such as a suitable physical vapor deposition method, including radio frequency magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), and the like. In certain embodiments, the anode is pattern structured. Patterned ITO conductive substrates are commercially available and can be used to prepare devices according to the present invention.

The cathode may comprise a conductive metal or metal oxide. The cathode can easily inject electrons into the EIL or ETL or directly into the light emitting layer. In one embodiment, the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the cathode and the LUMO level or conduction band level of the emitter in the light emitting layer or the n-type semiconductor material as Electron Injection Layer (EIL) or Electron Transport Layer (ETL) or Hole Blocking Layer (HBL) is less than 0.5eV, preferably less than 0.3eV, most preferably less than 0.2 eV. In principle, all materials which can be used as cathodes in OLEDs are possible as cathode materials for the device according to the invention. Examples of cathode materials include, but are not limited to: al, Au, Ag, Ca, Ba, Mg, LiF/Al, MgAg alloy, BaF2/Al, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, etc. The cathode material may be deposited using any suitable technique, such as a suitable physical vapor deposition method, including radio frequency magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), and the like.

The OLED may also comprise further functional layers, such as a Hole Injection Layer (HIL), a Hole Transport Layer (HTL), an Electron Blocking Layer (EBL), an Electron Injection Layer (EIL), an Electron Transport Layer (ETL), a Hole Blocking Layer (HBL). Suitable materials for use in these functional layers are described in detail above.

In another preferred embodiment, the light emitting device of the present invention includes an Electron Transport Layer (ETL) or a Hole Blocking Layer (HBL) comprising the organic compound or the high polymer of the present invention, and is prepared by a solution processing method.

The light-emitting device of the present invention has a light emission wavelength of 300nm to 1000nm, preferably 350nm to 900nm, and more preferably 400nm to 800 nm.

The present invention also relates to the use of electroluminescent devices in a variety of electronic devices, including, but not limited to, display devices, lighting devices, light sources, sensors, and the like.

The present invention will be described in connection with preferred embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, it being understood that the appended claims outline the scope of the invention and are intended to cover by those skilled in the art, certain changes which may be made to the embodiments of the invention within the purview of this application and the scope of the claims appended hereto.