Bleaching adjuvant compositions and methods of use thereof
阅读说明：本技术 降漂佐剂组合物及其使用方法 (Bleaching adjuvant compositions and methods of use thereof ) 是由 D·C·比塞尔 D·布朗 于 2019-07-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供含有水、流变改性剂(如瓜尔胶或聚丙烯酰胺)、乳化剂如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇乳化剂和油的降漂佐剂组合物和含有这种降飘佐剂组合物的农业喷雾。当含有所述降漂佐剂组合物和农药的农业喷雾从农业喷嘴递送时,与在相同条件下喷洒的没有降漂佐剂组合物的农药的农业喷雾相比,其产生较少的直径小于150μm的液滴,并减少、维持或增加(例如,最多30个百分点)直径大于622μm的超粗液滴的数量。(The present invention provides a drift reduction adjuvant composition comprising water, a rheology modifier (such as guar gum or polyacrylamide), an emulsifier such as a polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifier and an oil and an agricultural spray containing such a drift reduction adjuvant composition. When an agricultural spray containing the bleach reducing adjuvant composition and a pesticide is delivered from an agricultural nozzle, it produces fewer droplets with a diameter of less than 150 μm and reduces, maintains, or increases (e.g., up to 30 percentage points) the number of ultra-coarse droplets with a diameter of greater than 622 μm as compared to an agricultural spray of a pesticide sprayed under the same conditions without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition.)
1. A rinse-reducing adjuvant composition comprising: water, polyacrylamide, polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifier and seed oil.
2. The rinse-reducing adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifier comprises one or more of the following: polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitol trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mixed fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol oleate-laurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol penta-tallate (40 moles), polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetraoleate or polyoxyethylene sorbitol, mixed ethyl ester.
3. The adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the seed oil comprises a modified seed oil.
4. The rinse-reducing adjuvant composition of claim 3, wherein the modified seed oil comprises one or more of methylated soybean oil, methylated palm oil, or methylated rapeseed oil.
5. The rinse-reducing adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the polyacrylamide forms about 0.01 to about 0.08g/ml of the rinse-reducing adjuvant composition.
6. The rinse-reducing adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the polyacrylamide forms about 1.0 to about 6.0% (v/v) of the rinse-reducing adjuvant composition.
7. The rinse-reducing adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the seed oil forms about 20 to about 40% (v/v) of the rinse-reducing adjuvant composition.
8. The rinse-reducing adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifier forms up to about 3.2% (v/v) of the rinse-reducing adjuvant composition.
9. An agricultural spray comprising: a rinse-reducing adjuvant composition comprising: water; polyacrylamide; an emulsifier comprising a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester; and one or more seed or vegetable oils; and a pesticide, and a water-soluble pesticide,
wherein the agricultural spray is delivered from an agricultural nozzle and produces fewer droplets less than 150 μm in diameter and reduces, maintains, or increases by up to 30 percentage points the number of ultra-coarse droplets greater than 622 μm in diameter compared to an agricultural spray of a pesticide sprayed under the same conditions without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition.
10. The agricultural spray of claim 8, wherein the agricultural spray reduces, maintains, or increases the number of ultra-coarse droplets having a diameter greater than 622 μ ι η by at most 15 percentage points as compared to an agricultural spray of a pesticide sprayed under the same conditions without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition.
11. The agricultural spray of claim 10, wherein the agricultural nozzle is configured to produce a flat fan spray.
12. The agricultural spray of claim 10, wherein the one or more seed oils or vegetable oils comprise a modified seed oil or a modified vegetable oil.
13. The agricultural spray of claim 10, wherein the spray has a pH of about 5 to about 7.
14. The agricultural spray of claim 10, wherein the polyacrylamide is formed to about 0.3 x10-4g/ml to about 8.0X 10-4Spray of g/ml.
15. The agricultural spray of claim 10, wherein the one or more seed or vegetable oils form about 0.04% (v/v) to 0.8% (v/v) of the spray.
16. The agricultural spray of claim 10, wherein the emulsifier forms up to about 0.04% (v/v) of the spray.
17. The agricultural spray of claim 10, wherein the pesticide comprises a herbicide.
18. The agricultural spray of claim 10, wherein the agricultural spray delivered from an agricultural nozzle reduces, maintains, or increases by up to 15 percentage points the number of ultra-coarse droplets having a diameter greater than 622 μ ι η compared to an agricultural spray of a pesticide sprayed under the same conditions without a drift reduction adjuvant composition.
19. An agricultural spray comprising: a rinse-reducing adjuvant composition comprising: water; polyacrylamide; an emulsifier comprising a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester; one or more seed oils or vegetable oils; and a pesticide wherein the combination of polyacrylamide and one or more seed or vegetable oils forms an agricultural spray of about 0.04-0.8% (v/v); the agricultural spray is delivered from an agricultural nozzle and reduces, maintains or increases the number of ultra-coarse droplets having a diameter greater than 622 μm by at most 15 percentage points as compared to an agricultural spray of a pesticide sprayed under the same conditions without a bleach reducing adjuvant composition.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to products, systems and methods of using adjuvant compositions in agricultural spray applications, and more particularly to a rinse-reducing adjuvant for such applications.
Background
Crop protection and cultivation practices generally involve the application of agricultural sprays. These sprays can contain a variety of ingredients, including pesticides for combating pests such as insects, weeds, and fungi. However, these pesticides can cause environmental problems when agricultural sprays experience drift and fail to meet the intended target. This has raised increased concerns about pest control costs and environmental pollution associated with agricultural sprays. Therefore, the application of such sprays requires precision and care. Much research has been done on spray drift, but it remains a major problem for many agricultural spray applications. Accordingly, there is a need to provide drift reduction techniques for agricultural sprays.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, embodiments provide a bleach reducing adjuvant composition that can be mixed with an agricultural spray to reduce the number of fine droplets and the number of ultra-coarse droplets exiting the sprayer.
According to certain embodiments, the rinse-reducing adjuvant composition comprises water, a rheology modifier (such as polyacrylamide), a polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifier, and a seed oil.
In other embodiments, the agricultural spray comprises a drift reducing adjuvant comprising water, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier comprising a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and one or more seed or vegetable oils, and a pesticide. When delivered from an agricultural nozzle, the agricultural spray produces fewer droplets less than 150 μm in diameter and reduces, maintains, or increases by up to 15 percentage points the number of ultra-coarse droplets greater than 622 μm in diameter compared to an agricultural spray of pesticide without the adjuvant composition sprayed under the same conditions.
In various embodiments and alternatives, the polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifier may include one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitol trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mixed fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol oleate-laurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol penta-tallate (40 moles), polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetraoleate or polyoxyethylene sorbitol, mixed ethyl esters.
In various embodiments and alternatives, the seed oil may comprise a modified seed oil ("MSO"). For example, the MSO may include one or more of modified soybean oil, modified palm oil, or modified rapeseed oil.
In various embodiments and alternatives, the rheology modifier may form about 1 to about 6% (v/v) of the adjuvant, or about 0.0045% (v/v) to about 0.032% (v/v) of the spray.
In various embodiments and alternatives, the seed oil or vegetable oil may form about 20 to about 40% (v/v) of the adjuvant or about 0.04 to 0.8% (v/v) of the spray.
In various embodiments and alternatives, the polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifier or emulsifier comprising a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester may form up to about 3.2% (v/v) of the adjuvant or up to about 0.04% (v/v) of the spray.
In various embodiments and alternatives, the agricultural nozzle is configured to produce a flat fan spray.
In various embodiments and alternatives, the pH of the spray is from about 5 to about 7 and/or the pesticide sprayed comprises a herbicide
In various embodiments and alternatives, the agricultural spray delivered from the agricultural nozzle reduces, maintains, or increases by up to 13 percentage points the number of ultra-coarse droplets having a diameter greater than 622 μm compared to an agricultural spray of a pesticide without the adjuvant composition sprayed under the same conditions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph illustrating the viscosity of each agricultural spray relative to the amount of rheology modifier present in the agricultural spray.
Detailed Description
Flat fan spray is the most common type of spray in agricultural applications, in which case two atomization mechanisms predominate: wave instability and perforation methods. For the wave instability approach, liquid filament atomization can be produced by aerodynamically induced wave instability. These instabilities increase to create a wave front in the region of the fluid sheet downstream of the nozzle exit of the flat fan spray. These wavefronts form continuous thick and thin bands that extend downstream farther from the nozzle than the fluid sheet area. The thin ribbon eventually collapses, forming a liquid filament from the thick ribbon, and then collapsing into a droplet. Alternatively, in the perforating process, the area of the fluid sheet of the flat fan spray may be perforated, creating voids within the sheet that grow to form liquid filaments of a mesh structure. The liquid filament structure eventually continues to collapse into droplets. Regardless of the atomization mechanism of these flat fan nozzles, a wide geometric spectrum of droplet sizes is produced.
In agricultural field applications, there are disadvantageous spray properties regardless of the atomization process or the nozzle. Typically, small droplets are produced, which are susceptible to off-target drift. Drifting small droplets (e.g., v150 or driftable fine droplets <150 μm) can deposit on unintended plant surfaces, causing damage or injury to the plant. Furthermore, conventional measures to reduce the spray volume composition of small droplets by nozzle design or chemical auxiliary additives typically increase the volume composition of ultra-large droplets (e.g., v622 or ultra-coarse droplets >622 μm). A significantly high ratio of ultra-coarse droplets ("ultra-coarse droplets") having a diameter greater than 622 μm reduces the area coverage of the agrochemical pesticide product. The reduced efficacy of area coverage to reduce product performance is associated with the development of chemoresistance in conventionally treated weed species. In either case, the large number of small or extra-coarse droplets within the spray volume can interfere with the performance of the applied agrochemical product.
For example, in prior methods, rheology modifying polymers such as guar gum or polyacrylamide would tend to produce increased levels of ultra-coarse droplets when mixed and sprayed with agricultural compositions. However, the increased level of extra coarse droplets produced by the addition of the polymer can result in ineffective spraying. Furthermore, in prior methods, the use of an oil (e.g., seed oil) in combination with an emulsifier provides an adjuvant aimed at reducing the number of fine droplets without thickening the spray. When attempting to reduce ultra-coarse droplets by using these adjuvants, it was further found that the sprayed composition tended to produce fine droplets. Thus, even spray compositions where fine droplets should be reduced, either from the spray nozzle or from the reduction of adjuvant in the spray composition, attempts to reduce the level of ultra-coarse droplets can result in the production of fine particles.
Because of these challenges, producing a spray with a narrow and desirable size distribution has great complexity and difficulty, wherein the volume composition of the fine droplets is reduced while also controlling the volume composition of the ultra-coarse droplets. These difficulties are addressed herein by the disclosed rinse-reducing adjuvant compositions containing a spray atomization modifier that is directed to both methods of forming spray droplets.
I. Bleaching adjuvant composition:
according to an embodiment, the bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprises an atomization modifier for modifying the formation of droplets produced by the wave instability process and the perforation process. The atomization modifier includes at least one rheology modifier and at least one perforation-assist adjuvant (e.g., an oil or polymer in combination with at least one emulsifier). Rheology modifiers are included in the adjuvant compositions for use in a wave instability process directed to droplet formation. Rheology modifiers may include polymers such as guar gum or polyacrylamide. The rheology modifier is combined with a perforation-assisting adjuvant to target the perforation process to droplet formation. By combining these adjuvant components with agricultural compositions, it has been found that spraying the compositions produces less fines while controlling the level of ultra-coarse droplets.
For example, a drift reduction adjuvant composition comprising a rheology modifier (such as guar gum or polyacrylamide) without a perforation-assisting adjuvant (such as seed oil and emulsifier) can reduce the number of fine droplets ("fine droplets") having a diameter of less than 150 μm in an agricultural spray as compared to a substantially similar agricultural spray that does not include the rheology modifier. However, a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising a rheology modifier without a perforation-assisting adjuvant may increase the number of ultra-coarse droplets in an agricultural spray compared to a substantially similar agricultural spray that does not comprise a rheology modifier. However, it has been found that a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising a rheology modifier in combination with a perforation-assist adjuvant can reduce the number of fine droplets and reduce the number of ultra-coarse droplets in an agricultural spray compared to a substantially similar agricultural spray without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition. For example, a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising a rheology modifier in combination with a perforation-assisted adjuvant may reduce, maintain, or slightly increase the number of fine droplets in an agricultural spray as compared to a substantially similar agricultural spray without the perforation-assisted adjuvant. In addition, the bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising the rheology modifier in combination with the perforation-assisted adjuvant controls (e.g., reduces, maintains, or increases) the number of ultra-coarse droplets in the agricultural spray as compared to a substantially similar agricultural spray that does not comprise the perforation-assisted adjuvant. Thus, the perforation-assisted adjuvant interacts with the rheology modifier to improve the efficacy of the bleach reducing adjuvant composition. Tables 1-7, discussed in more detail below, demonstrate the improved efficacy of agricultural sprays comprising a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising both a rheology modifier, particularly one of guar gum or polyacrylamide, and a perforation-assisted adjuvant, as compared to a substantially similar agricultural spray that does not comprise at least one rheology modifier or perforation-assisted adjuvant.
It has been found that some perforation-assisted adjuvants in combination with a rheology modifier (especially one of guar gum or polyacrylamide) form a bleach-reducing adjuvant composition that is more effective in reducing the number of fine droplets and/or controlling the number of ultra-coarse droplets. For example, it has been found that a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising MSO in combination with a rheology modifier is more effective in reducing the number of fine droplets and/or controlling the number of ultra-coarse droplets than a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising other perforation-assisted adjuvants. For example, tables 1-6 provide several compositions of a rinse-reducing adjuvant composition comprising guar gum and MSO and a rinse-reducing adjuvant composition comprising guar gum in combination with other perforation-assisted adjuvants. In addition, table 7 provides compositions of the bleach reducing adjuvant compositions, which include a combination of polyacrylamide and MSO. Tables 1-7 show that the bleach reducing adjuvant compositions comprising a rheology modifier in combination with MSO are more likely to reduce, maintain or only slightly increase the number of fine droplets or better control the number of ultra-coarse droplets than bleach reducing adjuvant compositions comprising a rheology modifier and other perforation-assisted adjuvants.
a. Atomization modifier (wave destabilizing method):
in accordance with the present disclosure, the atomization modifier used in the wave instability method of modifying droplet formation includes a rheology modifier. Rheology modifiers may include, but are not limited to: polymers (such as polyacrylamides), Newtonian-responsive polymers (Newtonian-contracting polymers), monosaccharides, polysaccharides (e.g., colloidal polysaccharides, starch, vegetable gums, pectin), glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, lactose, fructose, xylose, amylose, raffinose, maltotriose, glucosides, trehalose, sugar alcohols (e.g., mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and maltitol), sugar-containing compositions (e.g., molasses and honey), guar gum (e.g., crop-based guar gum), xanthan gum, cellulose, locust bean, alginate, agar, carrageenan, gum arabic, dimethylpolysiloxane, and derivatives and combinations thereof. In a more specific example, the rheology modifier includes guar gum or polyacrylamide because such rheology modifier is more effective in reducing the number of fine droplets and controlling the number of ultra-coarse droplets in combination with a perforation-assisted adjuvant than at least some other rheology modifiers disclosed herein. Newtonian polymers are characterized by a single viscosity coefficient under a range of shear or temperature conditions. Traditionally, viscosity does not vary significantly with the rate at which shear is applied. Newtonian response rheology modifiers may include, but are not limited to guar gum, polyacrylamide, glycerin, and/or paraffin or oil.
For a rinse reducing adjuvant composition (e.g., an in-can adjuvant product), the rheology modifier may be present in a range of about 1.0 to about 8.0% (v/v), about 1.0 to about 6.0% (v/v), about 1.0 to about 5.0% (v/v), about 1.0 to about 4.0% (v/v), about 1.0 to about 3.5% (v/v), or about 1.0 to about 3.25% (v/v), about 1.0 to about 3.0% (v/v), about 1.0 to about 2.75% (v/v), about 1.25 to about 4.5% (v/v), about 1.5 to about 4.0% (v/v), about 2.0 to about 4.0% (v/v), about 3.0 to about 6.0% (v/v), about 4.0 to about 6.0% (v/v), about 5.0 to about 6.0% (v/v), about 7.0 to about 0% (v/v), up to about 8% (v/v), up to about 7% (v/v), up to about 6% (v/v), up to about 5.0% (v/v), up to about 4.0% (v/v), up to about 3.5% (v/v), or up to about 3.0% (v/v). Alternatively, the rheology modifier can be present in the bleach reducing adjuvant composition within any integer range of the levels described above, for example from about 1.25 to about 2.75% (v/v) of the bleach reducing adjuvant composition. For a rinse reducing adjuvant composition comprising a rheology modifier, it may be present in a range of from about 0.01 to about 0.08g/ml, from about 0.01 to about 0.065g/ml, from about 0.01 to about 0.06g/ml, from about 0.01 to about 0.05g/ml, from about 0.01 to about 0.04g/m, from about 0.01 to about 0.03g/ml, from about 0.02 to about 0.04g/ml, from about 0.03 to about 0.05, from about 0.04 to about 0.06, or from about 0.05 to about 0.075.
In one embodiment, for agricultural sprays containing an adjuvant product comprising a rheology modifier (e.g., tank mix), the rheology modifier may be present in a range of from about 0.0045 to about 0.040% (v/v), from about 0.0045 to about 0.036% (v/v), from about 0.0045 to about 0.032% (v/v), from about 0.006 to about 0.030% (v/v), from about 0.008 to about 0.025% (v/v), from about 0.009 to about 0.020% (v/v), from about 0.009 to about 0.016% (v/v), from about 0.009 to about 0.014% (v/v), from about 0.009 to about 0.013% (v/v), from about 0.009 to about 0.011% (v/v), up to about 0.009% (v/v), up to about 0.035% (v/v), up to about 0.032/v), up to about 0.030% (v/v), up to about 0.025% (v/v) (v/v), up to about 0.040/v), up to about 0.020% (v/v), or up to about 0.016% (v/v). Alternatively, the rheology modifier may be present in the spray within any integer range of the levels described above, such as from about 0.009 to about 0.032(v/v) of the spray. For agricultural sprays containing adjuvant products containing rheology modifiers, the rheology modifier may be present in the range of about 0.3 x10 of the agricultural spray-4To about 8.0X 10-4g/ml, about 0.7X10-4To about 8.0X 10-4g/ml, about 0.7X10-4To about 5.0X 10-4g/ml, about 1.0X 10-4To about 1.4X 10-4g/ml, about 1.2X 10-4To about 1.5X 10-4g/ml, about 1.4X 10-4To about 1.7X 10-4g/ml, about 1.5X 10-4To about 2.0X 10-4g/ml, about 1.7X 10-4To about 2.2X 10-4g/ml, about 2.0X 10-4To about 2.6X 10- 4g/ml，2.2×10-4To about 2.7X 10-4g/ml, or about 2.6X 10-4To about 3X 10-4g/ml。
The amount of rheology modifier (e.g., guar gum or polyacrylamide) in the bleach reducing adjuvant composition or the agricultural spray can be selected to at least one of reduce the number of fine droplets and/or control the number of ultra-coarse droplets. Thus, the amount of rheology modifier can be selected based on the desired number of fine droplets and/or ultra coarse droplets. Generally, increasing the amount of rheology modifier reduces the number of fine droplets and increases the number of ultra-coarse droplets. The amount of rheology modifier can also be selected based on the amount of perforation-assisted adjuvant mixed with the rheology modifier. For example, generally, increasing the amount of perforation-assisted adjuvant decreases the number of ultra-coarse droplets, allowing for an increase in the amount of rheology modifier. However, as shown in tables 1-6, the rheology modifier and perforation-assisted adjuvant combination can have certain compositions (e.g., the most efficacious points), wherein increasing or decreasing the amount of rheology modifier and/or perforation-assisted adjuvant can increase the number of fine droplets and/or the number of ultra-coarse droplets. In addition, the amount of rheology modifier can be selected based on the type of agricultural nozzle used to spray the bleach reducing adjuvant composition or agricultural spray and the type of pesticide mixed with the bleach reducing adjuvant composition (see tables 2, 3 and 5).
The amount of rheology modifier present in the agricultural spray may also depend on the desired viscosity of the agricultural spray. For example, the amount of rheology modifier can depend on the composition of the rheology modifier, since different compositions of rheology modifiers have different effects on agricultural spray viscosity. In one embodiment, the amount of rheology modifier present in the drift reduction adjuvant may be selected such that the agricultural spray exhibits a viscosity of from about 1 to about 1.3 millipascal seconds (mPa-s). In such embodiments, when the rheology modifier comprises guar gum, the agricultural spray may comprise about 0.7x10-4To about 8.0X 10-4guar gum in g/ml. Further, when the rheology modifier comprises polyacrylamide, the agricultural spray may comprise about 0.9 x10-4To about 3.5X 10-4g/ml. It should be noted, however, that in some embodiments, the viscosity of the agricultural spray may be less than about 1 mPa-s and/or greater than about 1.3 mPa-s, depending on the desired reduction of fine droplets, the desired control of ultra-coarse droplets. For example, when the rheology modifier comprises polyacrylamide, the agricultural spray may comprise about 0.3 x10-4To about 0.9X 10-4g/ml or about 3.5X 10-4To about 8.0×10-4g/ml。
b. Atomization modifier (perforation method):
the atomization modifier for altering the sheet perforation mechanism for droplet formation may comprise at least one perforation-assist adjuvant. The perforation adjuvant may comprise at least one oil and/or polymer solution and an emulsifier.
Oils that may be included in adjuvant compositions of the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to: vegetable oils, modified vegetable oils, seed oils, MSO, modified soybean oils (e.g., methyl soyate), modified palm oils, modified rapeseed oils, crop oil concentrates, petroleum hydrocarbons, mineral oils, paraffin oils, naphthenic oils, aromatic oils, emulsified petroleum fractions, unsaturated fatty acids, paraffin oils, tall oils (e.g., fatty acids of tall oil), vegetable blend oils, tallow oils (e.g., ethoxylated tallow fatty acid amines). The modified oil may include, for example, methylated, ethylated, propylated or butylated oils.
Polymers may be included in adjuvant compositions of the present disclosure, and may be used in addition to or in place of the oils provided herein. Polymers may include, but are not limited to: suspension latex, poly (ethylene glycol), poly (vinyl alcohol), polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, poly (vinyl acetate/maleic anhydride), polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates and/or polyalkylene oxides. It should be noted that depending on the composition of the bleach reducing adjuvant composition, the polyacrylamide may be a rheology modifier and/or a perforation-assisted adjuvant.
For a rinse-reducing adjuvant composition, the oil, polymer, or combination may be present in a range of about 20 to about 40% (v/v), about 25 to about 35% (v/v), about 30 to about 40% (v/v), up to about 35% (v/v), up to about 40% (v/v), or up to about 50% (v/v) of the adjuvant composition. Alternatively, the oil, polymer, or combination may be present in the adjuvant composition within any integer range of the above levels, for example, from about 30 to about 35% (v/v) of the adjuvant composition.
For agricultural sprays, the oil, polymer or combination may be present in the range of about 0.04% (v/v) to 0.8% ((v/v)), about 0.05 to about 0.6% (v/v), about 0.06% of the agricultural sprayTo about 0.6% (v/v), from about 0.07 to about 0.6% (v/v), or from about 0.08 to about 0.4% (v/v), from about 0.1 to about 0.4% (v/v), from about 0.2 to about 0.8% (v/v), up to about 1.0% (v/v) up to about 0.8% (v/v), up to about 0.7% (v/v), up to about 0.6% (v/v), up to about 0.5% (v/v), or up to about 0.4% (v/v). Alternatively, the oil, polymer, or combination may be present in the spray within any integer range of the above levels, for example from about 0.02 to about 0.4% (v/v) of the spray. For agricultural sprays, the oil, polymer or combination may be present in the range of about 1X10-5To about 5X10-3g/ml, about 1X10-5To about 5X10-5g/ml, about 2.5X 10-5To about 7.5X 10-5g/ml, about 5X10-5To about 1X10-4g/ml, about 7.5X 10-5To about 2.5X 10-4g/ml, about 1X10-4To about 5X10-4g/ml, about 2.5X 10-4To about 7.5X 10-4g/ml, about 5X10-4To about 1X10-3g/ml, about 7.5X 10-4To about 2.5X 10-3g/ml, or about 1X10-3To about 5X10-3g/ml。
The emulsifier in the adjuvant compositions of the present disclosure may facilitate dispersion in aqueous or oil solutions. These may include, but are not limited to: a surfactant; a nonionic surfactant; an anionic surfactant; a cationic surfactant; petroleum, tall oil based surfactants (e.g., fatty acids of tall oil); an alkylphenol ethoxylate; an ethoxylated alcohol; lecithin (e.g., soy lecithin); a modified alkanoic acid ester; alkyl phenol ethoxylated phosphate esters; dimethylpolysiloxane, glycerol, ethoxylated alcohol; an alkyl polysaccharide; polyoxyethylene sorbitol; polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifiers including polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitol trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mixed fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol oleate-laurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol penta-tallate (40 moles), polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetraoleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitol, mixed ethyl esters, and variations and combinations thereof.
The anionic surfactant can be a crop-derived surfactant (e.g., derived from corn and/or rapeseed) configured to emulsify methyl esters, such as C18-C22 methyl esters. The surfactant may be dispersed in water and soluble in an organic solvent. Examples of anionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene sorbitan emulsifiers, including those provided herein, alone or in combination with vegetable oils. Additionally or alternatively, other surfactants may include, but are not limited to: linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, branched alkylbenzene sulfonates, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated castor oils, ethoxylated/propoxylated alcohols and copolymers, ethoxylated fatty acids, sorbitan esters, polysorbates, ethoxylated fatty amines, ethoxylated tristyrylphenols, ethoxylated phosphate nonanamides (ethoxylated phosphate esteramides), ethoxylated nonylphenols, ethoxylated tallow amines, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, alcohol alkoxylates and tristyrylphenol alkoxylates. The surfactant may optionally contain solvents such as 5-10% isobutanol (CAS #78-83-1) for the surfactant and 10-30% calcium alkyl benzyl sulfonate (CAS #84989-14-0) for the surfactant.
The nonionic surfactant can be a crop-derived surfactant, such as commercially available surfactants, including but not limited to: the alkyl polysaccharide emulsifier may be a commercially available surfactant, including but not limited to: agrimul PGAvailable from Henkel Corporation of Ambler, PA, Hangao, Anbuchler, Pa; APG
In the case of a bleach reducing adjuvant composition, the emulsifier may be present in a range of from about 0.1 to about 3.0% (v/v), from about 0.5 to about 2.5% (v/v), from about 0.75 to about 2.25% (v/v), from about 1.0 to about 2.0% (v/v), up to about 1.5% (v/v), up to about 1.6% (v/v), up to about 2.0% (v/v), up to about 2.5% (v/v), up to about 3.0% (v/v), or up to about 3.2% (v/v) of the bleach reducing adjuvant composition. Alternatively, the emulsifier can be present in the rinse-reducing adjuvant composition within any integer range of the levels described above, such as from about 2.5 to about 3.2% (v/v) of the rinse-reducing adjuvant composition.
For agricultural sprays, the emulsifier may be present in a range from about 0.005 to about 0.040% (v/v), from about 0.005 to about 0.03% (v/v), from about 0.005 to about 0.030% (v/v), from about 0.01 to about 0.04% (v/v), from about 0.01 to about 0.030% (v/v), from about 0.01 to about 0.02% (v/v), from about 0.015% (v/v), from about or up to about 0.020% (v/v), from about or up to about 0.030% (v/v), or from about or up to about 0.040% (v/v) of the agricultural spray. Alternatively, the emulsifier may be present in the spray at any integer range of the levels described above, for example from about 0.02 to about 0.04% (v/v) of the spray.
The amount of perforation-assisted adjuvant (e.g., MSO) in the bleach-reducing adjuvant composition or agricultural spray can be selected to at least one of reduce the number of fine droplets and/or control the number of ultra-coarse droplets. Thus, the amount of perforation-assisted adjuvant can be selected based on the desired number of fine droplets and/or ultra-coarse droplets. For example, generally, increasing the amount of perforation-assisted adjuvant decreases the number of ultra-coarse droplets while increasing the number of fine droplets. In addition, the amount of perforation aid can be selected based on the amount of rheology modifier mixed therewith. For example, generally, increasing the amount of rheology modifier mixed with the perforation-assisted adjuvant reduces the number of fine droplets, thereby allowing for an increase in the amount of perforation-assisted adjuvant. However, as shown in tables 1-6, the combination of perforation-assist adjuvants and rheology modifiers can have certain compositions (e.g., the most efficacious points), where increasing or decreasing the amount of perforation-assist adjuvants and/or rheology modifiers can increase the number of fine droplets and the number of ultra-coarse droplets. In addition, the amount of the perforation-assist adjuvant may be selected according to the type of agricultural nozzle used to spray the bleach reducing adjuvant and/or the type of pesticide mixed with the bleach reducing adjuvant composition (see tables 2, 3 and 5).
c. Other components:
the stabilizing agent may be optional in the bleach reducing adjuvant composition, and may include: additional surfactants, such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, branched alkylbenzene sulfonates, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated castor oils, ethoxylated/propoxylated alcohols and copolymers, ethoxylated fatty acids, sorbitan esters, polysorbates, ethoxylated fatty amines, ethoxylated tristyrylphenols, ethoxylated phosphate nonanamides (ethoxylated nonylphenols), ethoxylated tallow amines, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, alcohol alkoxylates, and tristyrylphenol alkoxylates. Resins or other polymers may also be included.
The drift reduction adjuvant composition may include inert components including, but not limited to: solvents (e.g. isopropanol and/or isobutanol), propylene glycol and silicone foam retarder (Si). These inert components may be non-functional agents, surfactant additives and/or formulation aids, for example for lowering the freezing temperature. These inert components may be present in the range of about 1 to about 30% (v/v) of the adjuvant composition. Other inert components may include antifoams or defoamers, which may be present in the composition, and may include, but are not limited to, silicone-based defoamers. These components may be present in the range of about 0.001 to about 1.0% (v/v) of the bleach reducing adjuvant composition. An antimicrobial, another class of inert components, may be present in the bleach reducing adjuvant composition, and may include, but is not limited to, 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one antimicrobial in dipropylene glycol (e.g., ProxelTMGXL, available from Ocin biopesticide, Inc. (Arch biosides of Smyrna, GA), Schmida, Georgia. These components may be present in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.25% (v/v) of the bleach reducing adjuvant composition. In some methods, additional adjuvants may be included in the bleach reducing adjuvant composition or tank, and may be included
The bleach reducing adjuvant compositions and other compositions containing the bleach reducing adjuvant compositions and the present disclosure may consist of only the specifically listed components. Additionally or alternatively, the bleach reducing adjuvant composition may be free of certain components. For example, the rinse-reducing adjuvant compositions of the present disclosure may be free of one or more of the adjuvant components or free of any of the pesticides or additives. Additionally or alternatively, the rinse-reducing adjuvant composition may be free of high fructose corn syrup, alginates, lecithin, ammonium sulfate, water conditioning agents, buffering agents, coupling agents, acids (e.g., mineral acids)[HJ2]) And/or antifoam agents. The composition may contain various impurities, but in amounts that do not affect the advantageous properties of the drift reduction compositions of the present invention.
Use of
The bleach reducing adjuvant composition may be used in conjunction with agricultural spray applications such as spraying seeds, soil, leaves and fruits. Sprays containing the disclosed bleach reducing adjuvant compositions can be delivered using ground and/or aerial spray applications. The application may be during the plant state, during planting and/or post-planting to reduce drift and control the production of ultra-coarse droplets of the agricultural spray.
In some embodiments, the rinse reducing adjuvant composition may be provided as a tank mix of at least two different atomization modifiers. Additionally or alternatively, the bleach reducing adjuvant composition may be included in a pesticide or other agricultural blend for spray application. In an alternative embodiment, the atomization modifier may be provided separately and mixed prior to use. The mixing can be carried out with stirring. Additionally or alternatively, mixing may be performed at about 33 to about 100 ° F or at ambient temperature, e.g., about 70 to 90 ° F depending on the climate, or possibly at elevated temperatures above 90 ° F. The drift reduction adjuvant composition may have a pH of about 5.5 to about 7.5, about 5.5 to about 6.5 or about 6.5 to about 7.5, or about 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, or 7.5.
Prior to use, the disclosed rinse-reducing adjuvant compositions may be mixed (e.g., tank-mixed) with, for example, water conditioners, pesticides, micronutrients, antimicrobial compositions, and inert components as described herein. The mixing can be carried out with stirring. Additionally or alternatively, mixing may be performed at about 33 to about 100 ° F or at ambient temperature, e.g., about 70 to 90 ° F depending on the climate, or possibly at elevated temperatures above 90 ° F. The mixture containing the bleach reducing adjuvant composition and the herbicide may have a pH of from about 5 to about 7, or from about 5.5 to about 6.5, or about 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, or 7.0.
In one embodiment, in use, an agricultural spray can be delivered from an agricultural nozzle in a ground application to produce fewer fine droplets and reduce, maintain, or increase the number of ultra-coarse droplets by at most 100 percentage points (e.g., at most 75 percentage points, at most 50 percentage points, at most 25 percentage points, or at most 15 percentage points) as compared to an agricultural spray of the same pesticide delivered under the same conditions (e.g., delivered from the same nozzle at the same pressure and flow rate) without a bleaching adjuvant composition. In terms of controlling the level of ultra-coarse droplets produced, an increase of up to 100 percentage points, more particularly up to 50 percentage points, more particularly up to 15 percentage points of ultra-coarse droplets relative to spraying the herbicide without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition is an acceptable increase, provided that the number of fine droplets is simultaneously reduced relative to spraying the herbicide without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition. In some embodiments, controlling the level of ultra-coarse droplets may increase by up to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 percentage points while reducing the number of fine droplets produced from the spray as compared to an agricultural spray of pesticide delivered under the same conditions.
For example, a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising a rheology modifier (such as guar gum or polyacrylamide) and MSO drift reduction technology ("DRT"), wherein the rheology modifier is from 0.0045% (v/v) to 0.032% (v/v) and the MSO DRT is from 0.039% (v/v) to 0.782% (v/v), or other ranges and levels disclosed herein, can provide an effective spray that reduces fine droplets and controls the level of ultra-coarse droplets up to 100 percentage points or less compared to an agricultural spray of a pesticide delivered under the same conditions without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition.
In one embodiment, a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising 0.009% to 0.016% (v/v) of a rheology modifier and 0.117% to 0.391% (v/v) of MSO DRT in an agricultural spray containing herbicides (e.g., dicamba and glyphosate) can reduce fine droplets and reduce, maintain, or increase the number of ultra-coarse droplets by up to 13 percentage points when compared to an agricultural spray spraying the same herbicide without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition under the same conditions.
Spraying a bleach reducing adjuvant composition containing 0.009% to 0.02% (v/v) of a rheology modifier and 0.078% to 0.391% (v/v) of MSODRT of a pesticide (e.g., dicamba) can reduce fine droplets and can reduce, maintain, or increase the number of extra coarse droplets by up to 15 percentage points, compared to an agricultural spray spraying of the pesticide without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition under the same conditions.
In another example, spraying a bleach reducing adjuvant composition of 0.009% to 0.011% (v/v) rheology modifier and 0.156% to 0.273% (v/v) MSO DRT can reduce fine droplets and can increase the level of ultra-coarse droplets only slightly relative to spraying the same herbicide without the DRT adjuvant (e.g., dicamba and glyphosate) under the same conditions, and moreover, such spraying can reduce the level of ultra-coarse droplets relative to spraying the same herbicide using the rheology modifier alone as the bleach reducing adjuvant composition.
In a particular example, spraying a herbicide (e.g., dicamba) containing a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising 0.011% (v/v) rheology modifier and 0.156% to 0.273% (v/v) MSO DRT can reduce fine droplets and can maintain ultra-coarse droplet levels to similar levels relative to spraying a herbicide without a bleach reducing adjuvant composition under the same conditions.
In addition to reducing fine droplets and controlling the level of ultra-coarse droplets produced, the inventive rinse-reducing adjuvant compositions containing an atomization modifier can produce about the same amount of ultra-coarse droplets as compared to rinse-reducing adjuvant compositions containing a rheology modifier for pesticides (e.g., herbicides). For example, spraying 0.013% to 0.014% (v/v) of the rheology modifier and 0.117% to 0.273% (v/v) of the MSO DRT with the herbicide (e.g., dicamba and glyphosate) can reduce fine droplets below those produced when the same herbicide with only the rheology modifier as an adjuvant was sprayed under the same conditions. Such spraying can simultaneously maintain the level of ultra-coarse droplets produced as compared to spraying the same herbicide and rheology modifier alone under the same conditions, and the level of ultra-coarse droplets may be increased by 5 percentage points or less as compared to the level of ultra-coarse droplets produced by spraying the herbicide alone under the same conditions.
Spraying a bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising 0.013% to 0.014% (v/v) of a rheology modifier and 0.078% to 0.234% (v/v) of MSO DRT of a herbicide (e.g., dicamba) can reduce fine droplets, maintain the level of increase in ultra-coarse droplets within 10 percentage points, and in addition, can reduce the level of ultra-coarse droplets compared to spraying the herbicide and rheology modifier as a bleach reducing adjuvant composition alone under the same conditions relative to spraying the herbicide without the bleach reducing adjuvant composition under the same conditions.
An agricultural nozzle:
the size, shape, materials and other characteristics of the agricultural spray nozzles that can be used to spray the disclosed bleach reducing adjuvant compositions can vary. Examples of agricultural nozzles that may be used include drift reduction nozzles, such as nozzles that produce a flat fan spray. Agricultural nozzles may include nozzles manufactured by TeeJet (TPI 11004 nozzle, XR11002-XR TeeJet Extended Range Flat Spray Tip), AIXR11004-AIXR TeeJet Spray Tip (Hypro), Greenruf (Greenleaf), Wilger (Wilger), Lechler (Lechler), including nozzle models such as AIXR, AI, TT, UCD, etc. While in previous methods, the use of a de-bleaching nozzle to control the spray profile of an agricultural spray has created difficulties due to the fact that de-bleaching technical adjuvants actually produce fine droplets or an excessive percentage of extra coarse droplets when sprayed from these nozzles, the de-bleaching adjuvant compositions of the present disclosure produce an effective spray when sprayed from these nozzles. Nozzle classifications for agricultural nozzles that may be used to spray agricultural compositions include, but are not limited to: very fine (XF), purple, with VMD of about 50 μm; very Fine (VF), red, with a VMD <136 μm; fine (F), orange, VMD with 136-177 μm; medium (M), yellow, VMD with 177-; extra coarse (C), blue, VMD with 218-349 μm; very extra coarse (VC), green, VMD with 349-428 μm; very Extra Coarse (EC), white, VMD with 428-622 μm; and Ultra Coarse (UC), black, with VMD >622 μm.
Exemplary flow rates through the nozzles include about 0.0125 to about 2.0 gallons per minute (gpm) per nozzle. As a specific example, the flow rate of the nozzles may be variable, and each nozzle may be in the range of about 0.2 to about 1.5 gpm.
The nozzle may deliver the spray at a spray angle of about 65 ° to about 140 °, up to about 140 °, about 90 °, about 100 °, about 110 °, about 120 °, about 130 °, or about 140 °.
The nozzle may be operated at a fluid pressure of up to 115psi, or a fluid pressure of about 15 to about 115psi, about 30 to about 60psi, or a fluid pressure of about 15, about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50, about 60, about 70, about 80, about 90, about 100, about 110psi, or any integer range of the above pressure levels (e.g., about 15 to about 60 psi).
It is believed that the use of any agricultural nozzle with the bleach reducing adjuvant composition comprising the rheology modifier in combination with a perforation-assisted adjuvant (e.g., MSO DRT) disclosed herein reduces the number of fine droplets and controls the number of ultra-coarse droplets compared to spraying an agricultural spray without the DRT adjuvant using an agricultural nozzle. For example, table 5 (provided below) demonstrates that the DRT adjuvants disclosed herein produce effective sprays with various agricultural nozzles. In addition, as shown in table 5, the effectiveness of the DRT adjuvant can vary depending on the type of agricultural nozzle.
Pesticide:
many pesticides, such as herbicides, insecticides and/or bactericides, can be used with the bleach reducing adjuvant compositions of the present invention. Some herbicides include, but are not limited to, various forms of glyphosate (e.g., N- (phosphonomethyl) glycine), including forms of salts, esters or other derivatives thereof. Examples of glyphosate products include, but are not limited to: as potassium salt (e.g., Roundup)
Weeds that may be controlled using the herbicidal composition may include, but are not limited to: echinochloa crusgalli, Setaria viridis, Avena sativa, Solanum, Abutilon, Pharbitidis vulgaris, Cyperus rotundus, Veronicastrum nigrum, and Paspalum serrulatum.
Additionally or alternatively, the herbicide may include a pesticide and/or a bactericide. Insecticides that can be used with the disclosed bleach reducing adjuvant compositions include, but are not limited to: pyrethroid insecticides (e.g., bifenthrin); pyrethrins or other botanical drugs (e.g., D-limonene, linalool, Raney, rotenone, eugenol (clove oil); chloronicotinyl; essential oils (e.g., lemon grass, pepper holly, rosemary, cinnamon, sesame, thyme, cedar oil, and capsaicin); neem oil (e.g., azadirachtin); nicotine; microbial products (e.g., Bacillus and Beauveria bassiana); dioxazine (e.g., indoxacarb;), anthranilamide(e.g., chlorantraniliprole); juvenile hormone mimics (e.g., fenoxycarb; pyriproxyfen; methoprene and hydroprene), pyrroles (e.g., chlorfenapyr), phenylpyrazoles (e.g., fipronil), organophosphates (e.g., malathion and chlorpyrifos), inorganics (e.g., sulfur and dormancy and horticultural oils); insect growth regulators such as chitin synthesis inhibitors (e.g., hexaflumuron; novifuron; diflubenzuron; buprofezin; cyromazine and chlorfenozide); acaricides, such as miticides (e.g., avermectins) and ixodicides (ixodicides), alone or in any combination with the compositions of the present invention. Bactericides that can be used with the disclosed bleach reducing adjuvant compositions include, but are not limited to: fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole, trifloxystrobin, prothioconazole, 1, 2-propanediol, azoxystrobin (e.g. fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin, fluxastrobin, pyraclostrobin, and the like
Other pesticide additives may include nematicides, plant growth regulators and animal repellents
Additionally or alternatively, the bleach reducing adjuvant compositions disclosed herein may be used with desiccants and defoliants.
It is believed that the disclosed rinse reducing adjuvant compositions comprising a rheology modifier and a perforation aid adjuvant in combination with any pesticide, herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, pesticide additive, desiccant and/or defoliant reduce the number of fine droplets and control (e.g., reduce, maintain or increase) the number of ultra-coarse droplets as compared to a pesticide, herbicide, insecticide, bactericide, pesticide additive, desiccant and/or defoliant that does not include a DRT adjuvant. For example, tables 1 to 3 show that the bleach reducing adjuvant compositions can be effectively used with four different pesticides.
Water conditioning agents such as Class when the water in the mixture containing the herbicide and DRT adjuvant is hard water
Improvements in reducing fine droplets and controlling ultra-coarse droplets in delivered agricultural sprays are further discussed in the examples. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are provided for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting.
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