阅读说明：本技术 使用音轮的螺旋桨叶片同步定相 (Propeller blade synchronous phasing using tone wheels ) 是由 E.雅克波夫 J.R.雅沃 R.塔巴 于 2019-07-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及使用音轮的螺旋桨叶片同步定相。本文提供了用于对多发动机飞机进行同步定相的系统和方法。音轮被耦接到该飞机的第一发动机的第一螺旋桨。传感器被设置和构造成用于响应于该音轮上的第一和第二位置标记的通过而产生信号。控制系统被通信地耦接到该传感器用于获得该信号,并且构造成用于：确定该信号的两个后续信号脉冲之间的预期延迟；从该多个信号脉冲内识别与该第二位置标记相关联的特定脉冲；基于与该第二位置标记相关联的该特定脉冲产生的特定时间,来确定该第一螺旋桨的某一旋转位置在该特定时间对应于参考位置；以及基于该第一螺旋桨的该旋转位置,来执行针对该飞机的至少一个同步定相操作。(The invention relates to propeller blade synchronous phasing using tone wheels. Systems and methods for synchronously phasing multiple-engine aircraft are provided herein. A tone wheel is coupled to a first propeller of a first engine of the aircraft. A sensor is disposed and configured for generating a signal in response to the passage of the first and second position markers on the tone wheel. A control system is communicatively coupled to the sensor for obtaining the signal and configured for: determining an expected delay between two subsequent signal pulses of the signal; identifying a particular pulse associated with the second position marker from within the plurality of signal pulses; determining that a certain rotational position of the first propeller corresponds to a reference position at a particular time based on the particular time of generation of the particular pulse associated with the second position marker; and performing at least one synchronous phasing operation for the aircraft based on the rotational position of the first propeller.)

1. A system for synchronously phasing multiple-engine aircraft, comprising:

a tone wheel coupled to a first propeller of a first engine of the aircraft, the tone wheel including a plurality of circumferentially evenly spaced first position markers disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the tone wheel and a second position marker disposed on the outer surface, the second position marker disposed circumferentially closer to a selected one of the first position markers than the remaining first position markers and representing a reference position of the propeller, the tone wheel configured to rotate during operation of the first engine;

a sensor adjacent to the tone wheel and configured for generating a signal in response to passage of the first and second position markers, the signal comprising a plurality of signal pulses corresponding to the passage of the plurality of first and second position markers during rotation of the tone wheel; and

a control system communicatively coupled to the sensor for obtaining the signal and configured for:

determining an expected delay between two subsequent pulses of the plurality of signal pulses based on the plurality of signal pulses, the expected delay representing an interval of the plurality of first position markers;

identifying a particular pulse associated with the second position marker from within the plurality of signal pulses, the particular pulse having a delay shorter than the expected delay;

determining that a certain rotational position of the first propeller corresponds to the reference position at a particular time based on the particular time of generation of the particular pulse associated with the second position marker; and

performing at least one synchronous phasing operation for the aircraft based on the rotational position of the first propeller.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system is configured to perform at least one synchronous phasing operation comprising:

transmitting a position signal representative of the rotational position of the first propeller to a central control device of the aircraft;

obtaining from the central control device an engine control signal generated by the central control device based on the position signal, the engine control signal including instructions for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle of the first propeller; and

adjusting at least one operating parameter of the at least one of the first engine and the first propeller based on the engine control signal.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein transmitting the position signal indicative of the rotational position of the first propeller to the central control device of the aircraft further causes the central control device to generate a command based on the position signal, the command for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of a second engine and a second propeller of the aircraft to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the second propeller.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system is a first control system, wherein the first control system is configured to perform at least one synchronous phasing operation comprising:

transmitting a position signal to a second control system associated with a second propeller of the aircraft;

obtaining from the second control system an engine control signal generated by the second control system based on the position signal, the engine control signal including instructions for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle of the first propeller; and

adjusting the predetermined operating parameter of the at least one of the first engine and the first propeller based on the engine control signal.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein transmitting the position signal indicative of the rotational position of the first propeller to the second control system further causes the second control system to generate a command based on the position signal, the command for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of a second engine and a second propeller of the aircraft to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the second propeller.

6. The system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the control system is further configured to:

obtaining at least one position signal from at least one supplemental control system, each of the at least one supplemental control system being associated with a respective supplemental engine and supplemental propeller of the aircraft, and each of the at least one position signal being indicative of a rotational position of a respective supplemental propeller of the aircraft;

generating at least one engine control signal based on the at least one position signal, the at least one engine control signal including instructions for causing a respective predetermined operating parameter of at least one of each supplemental engine and each supplemental propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and at least one supplemental propeller; and

each of the at least one engine control signal is communicated to a respective supplemental control system.

7. The system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the control system is further configured to:

obtaining at least one position signal from at least one supplemental control system, each of the at least one supplemental control system being associated with a respective supplemental engine and supplemental propeller of the aircraft, and each of the at least one position signal being indicative of a rotational position of a respective supplemental propeller of the aircraft; and

adjusting a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and at least one supplemental propeller.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the control system is further configured to:

generating at least one engine control signal based on the at least one position signal, the at least one engine control signal including instructions for causing a respective predetermined operating parameter of at least one of each supplemental engine and each supplemental propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the at least one supplemental propeller; and

each of the at least one engine control signal is communicated to a respective supplemental control system.

9. The system of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one synchronous phasing operation comprises adjusting at least one of a rotational speed of the first engine, a rotational speed of the first propeller, and a pitch of the first propeller.

10. The system of any of claims 1-9, wherein the second position marker is angled relative to the first position marker.

11. A method for performing synchronous phasing in a multi-engine aircraft, comprising:

obtaining, from a sensor adjacent to a tone wheel, a signal comprising a plurality of signal pulses generated in response to sensing the presence of a position marker disposed on an outer surface of the tone wheel of a first propeller coupled to a first engine of the aircraft, the tone wheel configured to rotate during operation of the first engine;

determining an expected delay between two subsequent signal pulses of the plurality of signal pulses based on the plurality of signal pulses, the expected delay representing an interval of a first plurality of position markers;

identifying a particular pulse within the plurality of signal pulses and associated with a second one of the position markers based on the expected delay;

determining, based on a particular time at which the particular pulse associated with the second position marker was generated, that a certain rotational position of the first propeller corresponds to a reference position of the first propeller associated with the second position marker at the particular time; and

performing at least one synchronous phasing operation for the engine based on the rotational position of the first propeller.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein performing at least one synchronous phasing operation comprises:

transmitting a position signal representative of the rotational position of the first propeller to a central control device of the aircraft;

obtaining from the central control device an engine control signal generated by the central control device based on the position signal, the engine control signal including instructions for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle of the first propeller; and

adjusting at least one operating parameter of the at least one of the first engine and the first propeller based on the engine control signal.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting the position signal indicative of the rotational position of the first propeller to the central control device of the aircraft further causes the central control device to generate a command based on the position signal, the command for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of a second engine and a second propeller of the aircraft to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the second propeller.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein performing at least one synchronous phasing operation comprises:

transmitting a position signal to a second control system associated with a second propeller of the aircraft;

obtaining from the second control system an engine control signal generated by the second control system based on the position signal, the engine control signal including instructions for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle of the first propeller; and

adjusting the predetermined operating parameter of the at least one of the first engine and the first propeller based on the engine control signal.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the position signal indicative of the rotational position of the first propeller to the second control system further causes the second control system to generate a command based on the position signal, the command for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of a second engine and a second propeller of the aircraft to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the second propeller.

16. The method of any of claims 11 to 15, further comprising:

obtaining at least one position signal from at least one supplemental control system, each of the at least one supplemental control system being associated with a respective supplemental engine and supplemental propeller of the aircraft, and each of the at least one position signal being indicative of a rotational position of a respective supplemental propeller of the aircraft;

generating at least one engine control signal based on the at least one position signal, the at least one engine control signal including instructions for causing a respective predetermined operating parameter of at least one of each supplemental engine and each supplemental propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and at least one supplemental propeller; and

each of the at least one engine control signal is communicated to a respective supplemental control system.

17. The method of any of claims 11 to 15, further comprising:

obtaining at least one position signal from at least one supplemental control system, each of the at least one supplemental control system being associated with a respective supplemental engine and supplemental propeller of the aircraft, and each of the at least one position signal being indicative of a rotational position of a respective supplemental propeller of the aircraft; and

adjusting a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and at least one supplemental propeller.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

generating at least one engine control signal based on the at least one position signal, the at least one engine control signal including instructions for causing a respective predetermined operating parameter of at least one of each supplemental engine and each supplemental propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the at least one supplemental propeller; and

each of the at least one engine control signal is communicated to a respective supplemental control system.

19. The method of any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein performing the at least one synchronous phasing operation comprises performing adjusting at least one of a rotational speed of the first engine, a rotational speed of the first propeller, and a pitch of the first propeller.

20. The method of any of claims 11 to 19, wherein the second position marker is angled relative to a position marker of the first plurality of position markers.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to engines and, more particularly, to a propeller control system for a gas turbine engine.

Background

Certain types of phonic wheels (phonic wheels) may be used to provide information about the relative phase of the propellers of a turboprop, typically by removing one of the markers, thereby producing a detectable "missing tooth", or by adding additional markers that are distinguishable from the other markers. Knowledge of the relative phase of the propellers can be used to perform synchronous phasing (synchronization), a technique for reducing vibration and noise experienced by passengers of an aircraft. However, synchronous phasing techniques based on missing teeth tend to be inaccurate and may require additional equipment to function properly.

Therefore, there is a need for an improved solution.

Disclosure of Invention

According to one broad aspect, there is provided a system for synchronously phasing multiple-engine aircraft, comprising: a tone wheel coupled to a first propeller of a first engine of the aircraft, the tone wheel including a plurality of circumferentially evenly spaced first position markers disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the tone wheel and a second position marker disposed on the outer surface, the second position marker disposed circumferentially closer to a selected one of the first position markers than the remaining first position markers and representing a reference position of the propeller, the tone wheel configured to rotate during operation of the first engine; a sensor adjacent to the tone wheel and configured for generating a signal in response to passage of the first and second position markers, the signal comprising a plurality of signal pulses corresponding to the passage of the plurality of first and second position markers during rotation of the tone wheel; and a control system communicatively coupled to the sensor for obtaining the signal and configured for: determining an expected delay between two subsequent pulses of the plurality of signal pulses based on the plurality of signal pulses, the expected delay representing an interval of the plurality of first position markers; identifying a particular pulse associated with the second position marker from within the plurality of signal pulses, the particular pulse having a delay shorter than the expected delay; determining that a certain rotational position of the first propeller corresponds to the reference position at a particular time based on the particular time of generation of the particular pulse associated with the second position marker; and performing at least one synchronous phasing operation for the aircraft based on the rotational position of the first propeller.

In some embodiments, the control system is configured for performing at least one synchronous phasing operation comprising: transmitting a position signal representative of the rotational position of the first propeller to a central control device of the aircraft; obtaining from the central control device an engine control signal generated by the central control device based on the position signal, the engine control signal including instructions for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle of the first propeller; and adjusting at least one operating parameter of the at least one of the first engine and the first propeller based on the engine control signal.

In some embodiments, transmitting the position signal indicative of the rotational position of the first propeller to the central control device of the aircraft further causes the central control device to generate instructions based on the position signal for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of a second engine and a second propeller of the aircraft to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the second propeller.

In some embodiments, the control system is a first control system, wherein the first control system is configured for performing at least one synchronous phasing operation comprising: transmitting a position signal to a second control system associated with a second propeller of the aircraft; obtaining from the second control system an engine control signal generated by the second control system based on the position signal, the engine control signal including instructions for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle of the first propeller; and adjusting the predetermined operating parameter of the at least one of the first engine and the first propeller based on the engine control signal.

In some embodiments, transmitting the position signal indicative of the rotational position of the first propeller to the second control system further causes the second control system to generate instructions based on the position signal for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of a second engine and a second propeller of the aircraft to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the second propeller.

In some embodiments, the control system is further configured for: obtaining at least one position signal from at least one supplemental control system, each of the at least one supplemental control system being associated with a respective supplemental engine and supplemental propeller of the aircraft, and each of the at least one position signal being indicative of a rotational position of a respective supplemental propeller of the aircraft; generating at least one engine control signal based on the at least one position signal, the at least one engine control signal including instructions for causing a respective predetermined operating parameter of at least one of each supplemental engine and each supplemental propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and at least one supplemental propeller; and communicating each of the at least one engine control signal to a respective supplemental control system.

In some embodiments, the control system is further configured for: obtaining at least one position signal from at least one supplemental control system, each of the at least one supplemental control system being associated with a respective supplemental engine and supplemental propeller of the aircraft, and each of the at least one position signal being indicative of a rotational position of a respective supplemental propeller of the aircraft; and adjusting a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and at least one supplemental propeller.

In some embodiments, the control system is further configured for: generating at least one engine control signal based on the at least one position signal, the at least one engine control signal including instructions for causing a respective predetermined operating parameter of at least one of each supplemental engine and each supplemental propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the at least one supplemental propeller; and communicating each of the at least one engine control signal to a respective supplemental control system.

In some embodiments, the at least one synchronous phasing operation comprises adjusting at least one of a rotational speed of the first engine, a rotational speed of the first propeller, and a pitch of the first propeller.

In some embodiments, the second position marker is angled relative to the first position marker.

According to another broad aspect, there is provided a method for performing synchronous phasing in a multi-engine aircraft, comprising: obtaining, from a sensor adjacent to a tone wheel, a signal comprising a plurality of signal pulses generated in response to sensing the presence of a position marker disposed on an outer surface of the tone wheel of a first propeller coupled to a first engine of the aircraft, the tone wheel configured to rotate during operation of the first engine; determining an expected delay between two subsequent signal pulses of the plurality of signal pulses based on the plurality of signal pulses, the expected delay representing an interval of a first plurality of position markers; identifying a particular pulse within the plurality of signal pulses and associated with a second one of the position markers based on the expected delay; determining, based on a particular time at which the particular pulse associated with the second position marker was generated, that a certain rotational position of the first propeller corresponds to a reference position of the first propeller associated with the second position marker at the particular time; and performing at least one synchronous phasing operation for the engine based on the rotational position of the first propeller.

In some embodiments, performing at least one synchronous phasing operation comprises: transmitting a position signal representative of the rotational position of the first propeller to a central control device of the aircraft; obtaining from the central control device an engine control signal generated by the central control device based on the position signal, the engine control signal including instructions for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle of the first propeller; and adjusting at least one operating parameter of the at least one of the first engine and the first propeller based on the engine control signal.

In some embodiments, transmitting the position signal indicative of the rotational position of the first propeller to the central control device of the aircraft further causes the central control device to generate instructions based on the position signal for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of a second engine and a second propeller of the aircraft to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the second propeller.

In some embodiments, performing at least one synchronous phasing operation comprises: transmitting a position signal to a second control system associated with a second propeller of the aircraft; obtaining from the second control system an engine control signal generated by the second control system based on the position signal, the engine control signal including instructions for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle of the first propeller; and adjusting the predetermined operating parameter of the at least one of the first engine and the first propeller based on the engine control signal.

In some embodiments, transmitting the position signal indicative of the rotational position of the first propeller to the second control system further causes the second control system to generate instructions based on the position signal for causing a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of a second engine and a second propeller of the aircraft to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the second propeller.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: obtaining at least one position signal from at least one supplemental control system, each of the at least one supplemental control system being associated with a respective supplemental engine and supplemental propeller of the aircraft, and each of the at least one position signal being indicative of a rotational position of a respective supplemental propeller of the aircraft; generating at least one engine control signal based on the at least one position signal, the at least one engine control signal including instructions for causing a respective predetermined operating parameter of at least one of each supplemental engine and each supplemental propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and at least one supplemental propeller; and communicating each of the at least one engine control signal to a respective supplemental control system.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: obtaining at least one position signal from at least one supplemental control system, each of the at least one supplemental control system being associated with a respective supplemental engine and supplemental propeller of the aircraft, and each of the at least one position signal being indicative of a rotational position of a respective supplemental propeller of the aircraft; and adjusting a predetermined operating parameter of at least one of the first engine and the first propeller to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and at least one supplemental propeller.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: generating at least one engine control signal based on the at least one position signal, the at least one engine control signal including instructions for causing a respective predetermined operating parameter of at least one of each supplemental engine and each supplemental propeller to be adjusted to maintain a predetermined phase angle difference between the first propeller and the at least one supplemental propeller; and communicating each of the at least one engine control signal to a respective supplemental control system.

In some embodiments, performing the at least one synchronous phasing operation comprises performing adjusting at least one of a rotational speed of the first engine, a rotational speed of the first propeller, and a pitch of the first propeller.

In some embodiments, the second position marker is angled relative to a position marker of the first plurality of position markers.

According to the embodiments described herein, the features of the systems, devices, and methods described herein may be used in various combinations.

Drawings

Referring now to the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary gas turbine engine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system for sensing a tone wheel;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the propeller of FIG. 1 with the tone wheel of FIG. 2 in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of one embodiment of the tone wheel of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an exemplary method for monitoring vibrations in an engine; and

6A-B are block diagrams of an exemplary multi-engine aircraft;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system for implementing part or all of the method of FIG. 5.

It will be noted that throughout the drawings, like features are indicated by like reference numerals.

Detailed Description

FIG. 1 depicts a gas turbine engine 110 of the type typically provided for use in subsonic flight. The engine 110 includes: an inlet 112 through which ambient air is propelled; a compressor section 114 for pressurizing air; a combustor 116 in which the compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited for generating an annular flow of hot combustion gases; and a turbine section 118 for extracting energy from the combustion gases.

The turbine section 118 includes: a compressor turbine 120 that drives compressor components and accessories; and at least one power or free turbine 122 that rotatably drives a rotor shaft 124 about a propeller shaft axis "a" independently of the compressor turbine 20 and through a reduction gearbox 126. The hot gases may then be discharged through an exhaust stub 128. The gas generator of the engine 110 includes a compressor section 114, a combustor 116, and a turbine section 118.

The rotor in the form of a propeller 130 through which ambient air is propelled is housed in a propeller hub 132. For example, the rotor may comprise a propeller 130 of a fixed wing aircraft, or a main (or tail) rotor of a rotary wing aircraft, such as a helicopter. The propeller 130 may include a plurality of circumferentially arranged blades connected to the hub and extending radially therefrom by any suitable means. The blades may also each rotate about their own radial axis through a plurality of blade angles that may be varied to achieve modes of operation such as feathering, full reverse, and forward thrust.

Referring to fig. 2, a system 200 for sensing tone wheel 204 will now be described. In some embodiments, the system 200 provides for detection and measurement of the rotational speed of the propeller and the angle of the propeller blades on the propeller system. The system 200 may be interfaced to existing mechanical interfaces of typical propeller systems to provide digital detection for electronic determination of propeller blade angle. It should be noted that although the present disclosure focuses on the use of system 200 and tone wheel 204 in a gas turbine engine, similar techniques may be applied to other types of engines, including electric engines.

The system 200 includes an annular member 204 and one or more sensors 212 positioned proximate the annular member 204. The annular member 204 (referred to herein as a tone wheel) has a plurality of position markers 202 disposed thereon for detection by the sensor 212. In some embodiments, tone wheel 204 is mounted for rotation with propeller 130 and moves axially as the blade angle of the blades of propeller 130 are adjusted, and sensor 212 is fixedly mounted to stationary portions of engine 110 and/or propeller 130. In other embodiments, sensor 212 is mounted for rotation with propeller 130 and moves axially with adjustment of the blade angle of the blades of propeller 130, and tone wheel 204 is fixedly mounted to the stationary portion of engine 110 and/or propeller 130.

The system 200 also includes a control system 220 communicatively coupled to the sensor 212. The sensor 212 is configured to generate an electrical signal that is transmitted to the control system 220 or otherwise received by the control system 220, such as by a detection unit 222 of the control system 220. In some embodiments, the sensor 212 generates a series of electrical pulses in response to detecting the presence of the position marker 202 in the sensing region of the sensor 212. For example, the sensor 212 operates upon detecting changes in magnetic flux and has a sensing area that encompasses a circular or rectangular area or volume in front of the sensor 212. When the position marker 202 is present in the area, or passes through the area during rotation of the tone wheel 204, the magnetic flux in the sensing area changes due to the presence of the position marker 202, and the sensor 212 may generate an electrical pulse that forms part of the electrical signal.

In the example shown in fig. 3, a side view of a portion of tone wheel 104 and sensor 212 is shown. The sensor 212 is mounted to a flange 214 of the housing of the reduction gearbox 126 so as to be positioned adjacent to the plurality of position markers 202. In some embodiments, the sensor 212 is secured to the propeller 130 so as to extend away from the flange 214 and toward the position marker 202 in a radial direction, which is labeled as direction "R" in fig. 3. Optionally, the sensor 212 and flange 214 may be fixedly mounted to, for example, a housing of the reduction gearbox 126, or to any other stationary element of the engine 110.

In some embodiments, a single sensor 212 is mounted in close proximity to tone wheel 204 and position marker 202. In some other embodiments, to provide redundancy, one or more additional sensors are provided, which may be similar to sensor 212. For example, additional sensors 212 may be mounted in diametrically opposed relation to the position marker 202, the position marker 202 extending away from the tone wheel 204 and toward the sensors 212. In yet another embodiment, several position markers 102 may be equiangularly spaced around the perimeter of tone wheel 104. Other embodiments may be suitable.

Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, tone wheel 204 is implemented as a disk that rotates as part of engine 110, e.g., with output shaft 124 or propeller 130. Tone wheel 204 includes opposing faces 205 and defines a root surface 203, the root surface 203 extending between opposing faces 205 and circumscribing (circumscript) them. In other words, the root surface 203 of tone wheel 204 is the outer periphery of the disk spanning between two opposing faces 205. In these embodiments, the position indicia 202 may take the form of protrusions extending from the root surface 203, as shown in fig. 4 and discussed in more detail below. However, it should be noted that other embodiments are also contemplated.

In some embodiments, the position markers may be applied to the root surface 203, for example as strips of metal or other material, to be detected by a sensor 212, which sensor 212 may be a magnetic flux sensor. In some other embodiments, the position markers may be colored or contrasting bands of material applied to the root surface 203 for detection by the sensor 212, which sensor 212 may be an optical sensor. Other embodiments are also contemplated.

With continued reference to fig. 3, tone wheel 204 is supported for rotation with propeller 30, which propeller 30 rotates about longitudinal axis "a". The tone wheel 204 is also supported for longitudinal sliding movement along axis a, such as by a support member, such as a series of circumferentially spaced beta feedback rods (beta feedback rods) 206 extending along the longitudinal axis "a". A compression spring 208 surrounds an end portion of each rod 206.

As depicted in fig. 3, the propeller 130 includes a plurality of angularly disposed blades 132, each of which is rotatable about a radially extending axis "R" by a plurality of adjustable blade angles, which are the angles between the chord lines of the propeller blade sections (i.e., the lines drawn between the leading and trailing edges of the blades) and a plane perpendicular to the propeller axis of rotation. In some embodiments, propeller 130 is a reversible propeller that is capable of operating in a variety of operating modes, including feathering, full reverse, and forward thrust. Depending on the mode of operation, the blade angle may be positive or negative: the feathering and forward thrust modes are associated with positive blade angles, and the total reverse mode is associated with negative blade angles.

Referring to fig. 4, one embodiment of tone wheel 204 is illustrated. As described above, tone wheel 204 includes position markings 202, which may take the form of protrusions extending from root surface 203. As tone wheel 204 rotates, different portions thereof enter, pass through, and then exit the sensing region of sensor 212. From the perspective of sensor 212, the tone wheel moves in direction "F" as the tone wheel rotates.

In fig. 4, a top view of a portion of tone wheel 204 is shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the position marker 202 includes a plurality of protrusions 410 arranged along a direction "E" that is substantially transverse to the opposing faces 205. Although only four protrusions 410 are illustrated in fig. 4, it should be understood that any suitable number of protrusions 410 may be present across root surface 203. The protrusions 410 may be substantially equally spaced from each other on the root surface 203. In addition, the protrusions 410 have a substantially common shape and size, e.g., have a common volume size.

Tone wheel 204 also includes at least one supplemental protrusion 420 that is positioned between two adjacent ones of protrusions 410. The protrusion 420 may be used as an indication of a reference position of the rotational position of the propeller 130, as discussed in more detail below.

In the embodiment depicted in fig. 4, the protrusions 420 are oriented in a direction "D" that is angled relative to the direction "E". The angle between directions "D" and "E" may be any suitable value between 1 ° and 89 °, such as 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, or any other value, as appropriate. However, it should be noted that in some other embodiments, supplemental protrusion 420 may be co-oriented with protrusion 410, such as oriented in direction "E". It should also be noted that in some embodiments, the protrusion 420 may be replaced by a groove or inward protrusion, as appropriate.

In some embodiments, tone wheel 204 includes only a single supplemental protrusion 420; in other embodiments, tone wheel 204 may include two, three, four, or more supplemental protrusions 420. In embodiments where tone wheel 204 includes more than one supplemental projection 420, these supplemental projections may be oriented in a common orientation, such as in direction "D," or may be oriented in one or more different orientations. The protrusion 420 may be located at a substantially midpoint between two adjacent protrusions 410, or may be located near a particular one of two adjacent protrusions 410, as shown in fig. 4.

In one example, tone wheel 204 includes multiple pairs of protrusions 410, e.g., eight pairs of protrusions, and within each pair, a first tooth is oriented in direction E and a second tooth is angled with respect to the first tooth, e.g., oriented in direction D. The supplemental projections 420 can be oriented in any suitable manner, including in direction E, direction D, or another alternative direction, such as at an angle complementary or complementary to D.

Although the preceding paragraphs have focused on the use of a sensor 212 that detects changes in magnetic flux due to the presence of one of the protrusions 410, 420 in the sensing region of the sensor, it should be understood that other types of sensors are also contemplated. For example, an optical sensor that detects the reflectivity of light exiting the position mark 202 may be used, and in this case, the protrusion 420 may have a physical configuration that increases the reflectivity of the protrusion 420. In another example, an acoustic sensor that performs detection of the position marker 202 using echo sound waves may be used, and in this case, the protrusion 420 may have a physical configuration that increases the degree to which incoming sound waves are reflected toward the acoustic sensor. Other embodiments are also contemplated.

The signal pulses generated by sensor 212, which form part of the electrical signals received by control system 220, may be used to determine various operating parameters of engine 110 and propeller 130. The regular spacing of the protrusions 410 may be used to determine the speed of rotation of the tone wheel 204. In addition, the protrusion 420 may be detected by the sensor 212 to determine the phase of the propeller 130.

Referring to fig. 5, a method 500 for performing synchronous phasing in a multi-engine aircraft, such as an aircraft of which engine 110 and propeller 130 are a part, is illustrated. At step 502, a signal comprising a plurality of signal pulses is obtained from a sensor, such as sensor 212. The signal may be a digital or analog electrical signal, an optical signal, or any other suitable type of signal. The signal pulse is generated in response to sensor 212 sensing a position marker disposed on the outer surface of the tone wheel, such as protrusions 410, 420 of tone wheel 204. Other embodiments of position markers are also contemplated. The tone wheel is contained within a first engine of the aircraft, such as engine 110, and is configured to rotate during operation of engine 110, such as with propeller 130.

At step 504, an expected delay between two subsequent pulses of the plurality of signal pulses is determined. The expected delay may be determined based on the plurality of signal pulses and generally represents the spacing of the protrusions 410 on tone wheel 204. In other words, the expected delay represents the amount of time between the sensor 212 detecting two subsequent ones of the projections 410. In some embodiments, the delay is associated with a mark-space ratio (mark-space ratio) of the signal pulses generated by the sensor 212.

For example, a portion of the signal generated by the sensor 212 over a period of time may be obtained, and the average duration between signal pulses may be used to determine the expected delay. In another example, the delays between a plurality of randomly selected subsequent signal pulses may be averaged to determine the expected delay. Other methods are also contemplated.

At step 506, a particular signal pulse having a shorter delay than the expected delay is identified based on the expected delay. As understood herein, optionally, a particular signal pulse having a delay may represent a delay between a previous pulse and a given pulse or a delay between a given pulse and a subsequent pulse. A particular pulse is identified when the delay of the particular signal pulse is found to be shorter than the expected delay, e.g., outside a particular range of expected delays or below a particular threshold.

In the case of the exemplary tone wheel 204 of fig. 4, the delay between protrusion 420 and the protrusion 410 to its left (as viewed in fig. 4) will be shorter than the expected delay, i.e., the delay between two adjacent protrusions 410. Additionally, the delay between the protrusion 420 and the protrusion 410 to its right (as shown in FIG. 4) will be shorter than expected. Thus, regardless of how the delay of the protrusion 420 is determined, the signal pulse caused by the protrusion 420 will be identified as a "specific signal pulse". This allows sensor 212 and/or control system 200 to identify the location of protrusion 420 along tone wheel 204.

At step 508, the rotational position of the propeller 130 may be determined based on the time at which the sensor 212 generated the particular pulse identified at step 506. The rotational position of the propeller 130 is an indication of the position of one or more blades of the propeller 130. For example, the rotational position of the propeller may be defined as the angular position of one of the blades of the propeller 130 relative to a particular reference position of the blades of the propeller 130. For example, the reference position is set at a vertically upward position, and when a specific blade of the propeller 130 is at the vertically upward position, the rotational position of the propeller 130 may be said to be at 0 °. Other reference positions and other schemes for expressing the rotational position of the propeller may also be established.

Since the particular signal pulse is associated with protrusion 420, protrusion 420 may serve as a reference position for tone wheel 204. When a particular pulse is identified, the rotational position of the propeller is determined to correspond to a reference position. For example, if the reference position is taken as the 0 ° position, the propeller 130 may be determined to be at the 0 ° position when a specific signal pulse is detected. In other examples, the particular signal pulse may indicate that the rotational position of the propeller is at a starting or initial position, or at any other suitable position. In this manner, the rotational position of the propeller 130 may be determined based on the identification of a particular pulse.

In some embodiments, when the protrusion 420 is detected, the time of detection may be recorded and compared to a reference value, and any deviation from the reference value may be used to determine the phase of the propeller 130 relative to the reference value. The phase of the propeller 130 is indicative of the relative angular position of one or more blades of the propeller 130 with respect to the reference value. For example, if the protrusion 420 is detected 1 ms later than the reference value, the phase of the propeller 130 may be determined by the product of the 1 ms time delay and the rotational speed to obtain the rotation fraction or angle of the blades of the propeller 130 relative to the reference value. This angle, known as the phase angle, represents the degree of angular separation between the blades of the propeller 130 and a reference value. In some embodiments, the reference value is based on rotation of a different propeller, and the phase of the propeller 130 is an indication of the degree of angular separation between the blades of the propeller 130 and the blades of the different propeller.

Other methods for determining the phase of the propeller 130 are also contemplated. For example, the protrusion 420 may represent a reference phase value (e.g., a 0 ° position) of the propeller 130, and the time at which the protrusion 420 is detected may be compared to other times at which reference phase values of other propellers are detected to determine relative phase values of the propeller 130 and the other propellers.

At step 510, at least one synchronous phasing operation for the aircraft is performed based on the rotational position of the propeller 130. In some embodiments, an indication of the rotational position of the propeller 130, e.g., a position signal, and/or an indication of the phase of the propeller 130, e.g., a phase signal, is sent to a central control unit or another control system associated with another engine and/or propeller of the aircraft, and the central control unit/control system is configured to cause a change in an operating parameter of the propeller 130 and/or other propeller to perform synchronous phasing. In other embodiments, the components of engine 110 that perform method 500, such as control system 200, may receive position and/or phase signals from other propellers (or from their control systems), and control system 200 may cause changes in operating parameters of propeller 130 and/or other propellers to perform synchronous phasing. Other embodiments are also contemplated.

As part of the synchronous phasing operation of step 510, changes to the operating parameters of one or more propellers of the aircraft 100 may be performed. For example, the operating parameters of the propellers may be varied to control the relative phase of the propellers to ensure that the propellers remain out of phase with a predetermined optimum phase difference. Alternatively or additionally, the operating parameters may be varied to control the relative phase of the propeller to ensure that the propeller avoids the predetermined relative phase value.

Referring to fig. 6A-B, different examples of synchronous phasing operations for a multi-engine aircraft 600 performed within the context of step 510 are shown. In the embodiment of fig. 6A and 6B, the aircraft 600 has two engines 110, 610, each controlled by a control system, namely control system 220 and control system 620, respectively. Engine 110 is coupled to propeller 130, and engine 610 is coupled to propeller 630. The control system 220 may be configured to implement the method 500 to determine the rotational position and/or phase of the propeller 130. Similarly, control system 620 may be configured to implement method 500 to determine a rotational position and/or phase of propeller 630. The control system 220, 620 then implements one or more synchronous phasing operations.

In fig. 6A, the aircraft 600 also has a central control 650 communicatively coupled to the control systems 220, 620. The central control device 650 may be configured to monitor information obtained by the control systems 220, 620 and may send signals to the control systems 220, 620 having instructions for controlling or adjusting the operation of the control systems 220, 620, and/or for causing the control systems 220, 620 to control or adjust the operation of the propellers 130, 630, respectively.

In one example, the control system 220 may transmit a position and/or phase signal to the central control 650 that is indicative of the rotational position and/or phase of the propeller 130. The position and/or phase signal can be encoded in any suitable manner and may comprise any suitable representation of the rotational position and/or phase of the propeller 130. For example, the position signal may be a single signal pulse that is transmitted substantially simultaneously with the sensor 212 detecting the protrusion 420. Similarly, control system 620 may transmit a position signal to central control 650, which indicates the rotational position of propeller 630. Central control 650 may then transmit engine control signals to control systems 220, 620, including instructions for adjusting operating parameters of engines 110, 610 and/or propellers 130, 630. Control system 220, 620 receives the engine control signal and, subsequently, adjusts operating parameters of engine 110, 610 and/or propeller 130, 630.

Central control 650 may use the rotational position and/or phase of propellers 130, 630 to determine the level of in-phase or out-of-phase of propellers 130, 630 of engines 110, 610 and determine the necessary changes to the operating parameters of engines 110, 610 and/or propellers 130, 630 to maintain or achieve synchronous phasing for propellers 130, 630. For example, if propellers 130, 630 are out of phase with each other at a level above a predetermined threshold, central control device 650 can generate a command in the form of the aforementioned engine control signal for causing a change in the rotational speed of one or both of engines 110, 610 and/or one or both of propellers 130, 630, and transmit the engine control signal to control system 220, 620. In other examples, central control 650 may generate instructions for causing changes in other operating parameters of engine 110, engine 610, propeller 130, and/or propeller 630, such as propeller blade angle, propeller pitch, torque, output power, and/or the like.

In fig. 6B, control system 220 and control system 620 are communicatively coupled to each other and are configured to share information about the rotational position and/or phase of propellers 130, 630. Control system 220 or control system 620 may also be configured to send a signal to the other of control systems 220, 620 having instructions for controlling or adjusting the operation of the other of control systems 220, 620, and/or for causing the other of control systems 220, 620 to control or adjust the operation of engine 110, 610 and/or propeller 130, 630, respectively.

In one example, control system 220 transmits the position signal to control system 620. Control system 620 may use the rotational position of propeller 130 obtained from the position signal and the rotational position of propeller 630 determined by control system 620 to determine the level of in-phase or out-of-phase of propellers 130, 630 of engines 110, 610. For example, the time delay between receiving the phase signal from control system 220 and detecting the second protrusion by control system 620 may be used to determine the phase of propeller 630 relative to propeller 130. Control system 620 may then determine the necessary changes to the operating parameters of engines 110, 610 and/or propellers 130, 630 to maintain or achieve synchronous phasing for propellers 130, 630. For example, if propellers 130, 630 are out of phase with one another at a level above a predetermined threshold, control system 620 can generate a command in the form of the aforementioned engine control signal for causing a change in the rotational speed of engine 110, 610 and/or one or both of propellers 130, 630, and optionally transmit the engine control signal to control system 220 or apply the change directly to engine 610 and/or propeller 630. In other examples, central control 650 may generate instructions for causing changes to other operating parameters of any one or more of engines 110, engines 610, propellers 130, and/or propellers 630, such as propeller blade angle, propeller pitch, torque, output power, and the like. In another example, control system 220 may be configured to perform these operations in place of control system 620.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the control systems 220, 620 operate cooperatively to: for example, both control systems 220, 620 may communicate position and/or phase signals to the other control system 220, 620, and adjustments to be made to operating parameters of engine 110, 610 and/or propeller 130, 630 may be cooperatively determined by both control systems 220, 620, such as by exchanging one or more adjustment proposals. In other embodiments, a particular one of the control systems 220, 620 may be a "primary" control system while the other is a "secondary" control system, and the primary may specify changes to the two engines 110, 610 and/or the two propellers 130, 630, as disclosed above.

It should be noted that although the examples of fig. 6A-B discussed above relate to a multi-engine aircraft 600 having two engines 110, 610 and two propellers 130, 630, other embodiments of the aircraft 600 are contemplated, including embodiments in which the aircraft 600 has three, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, or any other suitable number of engines and any suitable number of propellers.

Referring to FIG. 7, the control systems 220, 620 may be implemented by a computing device 710 configured to implement the method 500. The computing device 710 includes a processing unit 712 and a memory 714, the memory 714 having stored therein computer-executable instructions 716. Processing unit 712 may include any suitable device configured to implement method 500 such that, when executed by computing device 710 or other programmable apparatus, instructions 716 may cause the functions/acts/steps performed as part of method 500 as described herein to be performed. For example, processing unit 712 may include any type of general purpose microprocessor or microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) processor, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an integrated circuit, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a reconfigurable processor, other suitably programmed or programmable logic circuitry, or any combination thereof.

Memory 714 may include any suitable known or other machine-readable storage medium. Memory 714 may include a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The memory 714 may comprise any type of suitable combination of computer memory, internal or external to the device, such as Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CDROM), electro-optic memory, magneto-optic memory, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) and Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), ferroelectric RAM (fram), and the like. Memory 714 may include any storage (e.g., device) suitable for retrievably storing machine-readable instructions 716 that are executable by processing unit 712.

It should be noted that the computing device 710 may be implemented as part of a FADEC or other similar device, including an Electronic Engine Control (EEC), an engine control unit (EUC), or the like. Additionally, it should also be noted that method 500, and more generally the techniques described herein, may be performed substantially in real time during operation of engine 110, 610. For example, if engines 110, 160 are used as part of multi-engine aircraft 600, monitoring of engines 110, 610 by control systems 220, 620 may be performed in real-time during flight missions.

The systems and methods described herein may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming or scripting language, or a combination thereof, to communicate with or facilitate the operation of a computer system, such as computing device 710. Alternatively, the methods and systems described herein may be implemented in assembly or machine language. The language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Program code for implementing the methods and systems described herein may be stored on a storage medium or device, such as a ROM, magnetic disk, optical disk, flash drive, or any other suitable storage medium or device. The program code can be read by a general-purpose or special-purpose programmable computer, for configuring and operating the computer when the storage medium or device is read by the computer, to execute the procedures described herein. Embodiments of the methods and systems described herein may also be considered to be implemented by way of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. The computer program may include computer readable instructions that cause a computer, or more specifically, the processing unit 712 of the computing device 710, to operate in a specific and predefined manner to perform the functions described herein, such as those described in the method 500.

Computer-executable instructions may take many forms, including program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Generally, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.

The above description is intended to be exemplary only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made to the embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention disclosed. Still other modifications that fall within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this disclosure.

Various aspects of the systems and methods described herein may be used alone, in combination, or in a variety of arrangements not specifically discussed in the embodiments described in the foregoing and is therefore not limited in its application to the details and arrangement of components set forth in the foregoing description or illustrated in the drawings. For example, aspects described in one embodiment may be combined in any manner with aspects described in other embodiments. While particular embodiments have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects. The scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest reasonable interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.