阅读说明：本技术 一种水稻育秧基质及其制备方法 (Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof ) 是由 洪春来 姚燕来 程建斌 王卫平 朱凤香 陈晓旸 朱为静 郑新建 于 2019-11-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种水稻育秧基质及其制备方法,属于水稻种植技术领域。本发明所述水稻育秧基质的制备用原料包括体积百分含量为：40～60％的清淤底泥、30～50％的蔬菜秸秆和10～30％的山核桃蒲壳。本发明所述水稻育秧基质不仅可以变废为宝提高底泥、农林业废弃物资源的循环利用率,还可以节约有限的耕地土壤资源,降低水稻育秧基质生产成本,促进水稻种植的健康可持续发展,具有重大的经济、社会和生态效益。(The invention relates to a rice seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of rice planting. The raw materials for preparing the rice seedling raising matrix comprise the following components in percentage by volume: 40-60% of desilting bottom mud, 30-50% of vegetable straws and 10-30% of hickory nut shells. The rice seedling raising matrix provided by the invention can be used for changing waste into valuable, improving the recycling rate of bottom mud and agricultural and forestry waste resources, saving limited farmland soil resources, reducing the production cost of the rice seedling raising matrix, promoting the healthy and sustainable development of rice planting, and having great economic, social and ecological benefits.)

1. The rice seedling raising substrate is characterized in that the preparation raw materials of the rice seedling raising substrate comprise the following components in percentage by volume: 40-60% of desilting bottom mud, 30-50% of vegetable straws and 10-30% of hickory nut shells.

2. The rice seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dredging bottom mud is a dredging bottom mud subjected to filter pressing dehydration treatment.

3. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 2, wherein the water content of the desilting bottom mud after filter pressing and dehydration is not more than 70%, the substrate is crushed after filter pressing and dehydration, and the crushed substrate is sieved by a 0.5cm sieve.

4. The rice seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vegetable stalks comprise cruciferous vegetable stalks.

5. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the vegetable straw is less than or equal to 65%, and the vegetable straw is crushed and sieved by a 0.5cm sieve.

6. The rice seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the pecan husk is not more than 30%, and the pecan husk is crushed and sieved with a 0.5cm sieve.

7. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, further comprising 0.25-1.0 g/L of a quick-acting fertilizer and 1-3 g/L of a slow-release fertilizer.

8. A method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

mixing the raw materials, and stacking and fermenting for 25-30 d to obtain a decomposed material; the stacking fermentation conditions are as follows: the fermentation temperature of more than or equal to 55 ℃ is continuously maintained for more than 7 days, and then the fermentation is finished as the temperature of the pile body is gradually reduced and approaches to the room temperature; when the temperature of the stack body exceeds 55 ℃, the stack is turned once every 2d, and when the temperature of the stack body is lower than 55 ℃, the stack is turned once every 3 d.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of adding a quick-acting fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer after the decomposed material is obtained.

10. A rice seedling raising method based on the rice seedling raising substrate of claims 1-7 or the rice seedling raising substrate obtained by the preparation method of claim 8 or 9, comprising the following steps:

loading the rice seedling raising matrix into a rice seedling raising tray, sowing rice seeds on the surface of the matrix, and covering the rice seeds with the rice seedling raising matrix until the seeds are not exposed;

spraying tap water until water seeps out of the bottom of the seedling raising tray, and keeping the water supplement during the seedling raising period.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a rice seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In recent years, as a large amount of labor in rural areas in China is transferred to the second-generation industry and the third-generation industry, the shortage of labor and the rise of price are caused, and the comparative benefit of rice production is low, the proportion of adopting machine transplanting to replace traditional artificial planting is larger and larger, and the machine transplanting is used as the core of a machine transplanting technology, namely the rice dry seedling raising industry is developed rapidly, but most of the traditional rice dry seedling raising technology directly digs local soil to be used as rice seedling raising soil. The soil resource is non-renewable resource, and continuous digging of the soil of the field can lead to continuous reduction of the cultivated layer and influence the growth of field crops. And the soil obtained in different areas can face the problems of uneven fertility, soil-borne diseases and the like. Along with the large-area popularization of the rice mechanical transplanting technology, the problems that the soil taking is difficult, the working procedure is complex, the quality of seedlings is unstable, the large-scale seedling raising cannot be realized and the like are increasingly highlighted. At present, no novel seedling raising material can replace soil, the dependence of a rice seedling raising link on the soil of a local field is reduced, and potential harm is brought to future rice production and protection of farmland soil resources.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a rice seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof, namely a resource utilization method of desilting bottom mud and agricultural and forestry wastes, and aims to solve the problems that the desilting bottom mud and the agricultural and forestry wastes are difficult to treat and utilize, the soil demand is increased, the soil is difficult to take, and soil-borne diseases are frequent in the rice dry seedling raising industry.

The invention provides a rice seedling raising substrate, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 40-60% of desilting bottom mud, 30-50% of vegetable straws and 10-30% of hickory nut shells.

Preferably, the dredging bottom mud is subjected to filter pressing dehydration treatment.

Preferably, the water content of the desilting bottom mud after filter pressing and dehydration is less than or equal to 70 percent, the process also comprises crushing after filter pressing and dehydration, and the crushing is carried out by a 0.5cm sieve.

Preferably, the vegetable stalks comprise cruciferous vegetable stalks.

Preferably, the water content of the vegetable straws is less than or equal to 65 percent, and the vegetable straws are crushed and sieved by a 0.5cm sieve.

Preferably, the water content of the pecan cattail shells is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the pecan cattail shells are crushed and sieved by a 0.5cm sieve.

Preferably, the rice seedling raising substrate further comprises 0.25-1.0 g/L of quick-acting fertilizer and 1-3 g/L of slow-release fertilizer.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

mixing the raw materials, and stacking and fermenting for 25-30 d to obtain a decomposed material; the stacking fermentation conditions are as follows: the fermentation temperature of more than or equal to 55 ℃ is continuously maintained for more than 7 days, and then the fermentation is finished as the temperature of the pile body is gradually reduced and approaches to the room temperature; when the temperature of the stack body exceeds 55 ℃, the stack is turned once every 2d, and when the temperature of the stack body is lower than 55 ℃, the stack is turned once every 3 d.

Preferably, after the decomposed material is obtained, quick-acting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer are added.

The invention also provides a rice seedling raising method of the rice seedling raising substrate in the technical scheme or the rice seedling raising substrate obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

loading the rice seedling raising matrix into a rice seedling raising tray, sowing rice seeds on the surface of the matrix, and covering the rice seeds with the rice seedling raising matrix until the seeds are not exposed;

spraying tap water until water seeps out of the bottom of the seedling raising tray, and keeping the water supplement during the seedling raising period.

The invention provides a rice seedling raising substrate. Compared with the conventional method for directly taking the rice soil as the main raw material to perform rice seedling raising, the rice seedling raising matrix disclosed by the invention can better promote the improvement of rice seedling quality, can realize the resource utilization of wastes such as bottom mud and the like, greatly reduces the consumption of the rice soil, and has important significance in the aspects of improving the local ecological environment, promoting the drainage basin pollution treatment, improving the economic benefits of disposing and utilizing the wastes such as the desilting bottom mud, the pecan hulls, the vegetable straws and the like by using the wastes such as the desilting bottom mud and the like as the rice seedling raising matrix instead of the rice soil resources. The rice seedling raising matrix provided by the invention can be used for changing waste into valuable, improving the recycling rate of bottom mud and agricultural and forestry waste resources, saving limited farmland soil resources, reducing the production cost of the rice seedling raising matrix, promoting the healthy and sustainable development of rice planting, and having great economic, social and ecological benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the dynamic change of the temperature of the stack under different substrate material proportioning conditions.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a rice seedling raising substrate, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 40-60% of desilting bottom mud, 30-50% of vegetable straws and 10-30% of hickory nut shells.

The rice seedling raising substrate comprises 40-60% of dredging bottom mud by volume percentage, preferably 40-50%, and most preferably 50%. The desilting bottom mud is preferably dewatered desilting bottom mud, and all safety indexes of the dewatered desilting bottom mud meet agricultural argillaceous standards (CJ/T309-2009). In the invention, the dredging bottom mud is obtained by filter pressing dehydration treatment, and the water content is preferably less than or equal to 70%. In the present invention, it is preferable that the filter pressing dehydration further comprises crushing, and the crushing is performed by a 0.5cm sieve.

The rice seedling raising substrate comprises 30-50% of vegetable straws by volume percentage, more preferably 30-40%, and most preferably 30%. In the present invention, the vegetable stalks comprise cruciferous vegetable stalks including broccoli, cabbage mustard, hot pickled mustard tuber, and the like. In the invention, the water content of the vegetable straws is preferably less than or equal to 65 percent, and the vegetable straws are crushed and sieved by a 0.5cm sieve. In the present invention, the vegetable stalks are preferably aired on site.

The rice seedling raising substrate comprises 10-30% by volume of pecan hulls, more preferably 10-20% by volume of pecan hulls, and most preferably 20% by volume of pecan hulls. In the invention, the water content of the pecan cattail shells is preferably 30%, and the pecan cattail shells are crushed and sieved by a 0.5cm sieve.

In the invention, the rice seedling raising substrate also comprises 0.25-1.0 g/L of quick-acting fertilizer and 1-3 g/L of slow-release fertilizer. The optimal proportion is 0.5g/L quick-acting fertilizer and 2g/L slow-release fertilizer. In the invention, the quick-acting fertilizer is preferably quick-acting fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20-10-20. The proportion of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium of the slow release fertilizer is preferably 20-20-20. The sources of the quick-acting fertilizer and the slow-release fertilizer are not particularly limited, and conventional commercial products of quick-acting fertilizers and slow-release fertilizers well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. The invention adds quick-acting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer into the rice seedling raising substrate. In the invention, the quick-acting fertilizer and the slow-release fertilizer have the function of meeting the requirement supply of nutrients during the growth period of rice seedling.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

mixing the raw materials, and stacking and fermenting for 25-30 d to obtain a decomposed material; the stacking fermentation conditions are as follows: the fermentation temperature of more than or equal to 55 ℃ is continuously maintained for more than 7 days, and then the fermentation is finished as the temperature of the pile body is gradually reduced and approaches to the room temperature; when the temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, the stack is turned every 2d, and when the temperature of the stack is lower than 55 ℃, the stack is turned every 3d, so that the materials are uniformly fermented and are stably decomposed.

In the invention, after the decomposed material is obtained, quick-acting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer are added. After the addition, the invention preferably uses a material stirrer to fully stir and mix for standby.

The invention also provides a rice seedling raising method of the rice seedling raising substrate in the technical scheme or the rice seedling raising substrate obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

loading the rice seedling raising matrix into a rice seedling raising tray, sowing rice seeds on the surface of the matrix, and covering the rice seeds with the rice seedling raising matrix until the seeds are not exposed;

spraying tap water until water seeps out of the bottom of the seedling raising tray, and keeping the water supplement during the seedling raising period.

In the invention, the rice seedling raising tray preferably has the dimensions of 60cm in length, 30cm in width and 5cm in depth. The thickness of the matrix is preferably 3cm, 30g of rice seeds (Yongyou 538) are preferably weighed, subjected to germination acceleration and white exposure and then uniformly sown on the surface of the matrix, and then a small amount of the matrix is covered on the rice seeds until the seeds are not exposed.

The invention preferably adopts a spraying mode to uniformly spray tap water into the matrix until the water seeps out of the basin bottom; during the period, preferably supplementing water in due time according to weather conditions, and after 25 days, randomly selecting 10 rice seedlings for each treatment to perform agronomic character index observation measurement such as plant height, root length, fresh weight of overground part, root weight and the like; the influence of the novel seedling raising matrix on the quality of rice seedlings is inspected.

The rice seedling raising substrate and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, and the technical solutions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.