阅读说明：本技术 一种发酵蒲公英饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 (Fermented dandelion feed additive and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 齐景伟 王瑞芳 安晓萍 刘娜 王园 任雪荣 安禹宁 宋懿峰 于 2019-08-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种发酵蒲公英饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用。所述方法包括：利用菌剂对包含蒲公英、麸皮、玉米粉和水的发酵底物进行发酵而制备出发酵蒲公英；将发酵蒲公英与腐植酸钠混合。所述饲料添加剂包含发酵蒲公英和腐植酸钠,发酵蒲公英的发酵底物包含蒲公英、麸皮、玉米粉和水。本发明还提供包含所述饲料添加剂的饲料以及该饲料添加剂在制备饲料尤其是用于促进生长、提高饲料消化率和增强血液抗氧化功能的饲料中的应用。本发明的饲料添加剂富含多糖、黄酮、多酚等活性物质,抗氧化性强,具有抑制有害菌生长、清除自由基、提高饲料消化率和机体抗氧化能力等功效,是一种新型的抗生素替代品,其制备与应用符合国家减抗禁抗的战略规划要求。(The invention discloses a fermented dandelion feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: fermenting a fermentation substrate containing dandelion, bran, corn flour and water by using a microbial inoculum to prepare fermented dandelion; mixing fermented herba Taraxaci with sodium humate. The feed additive comprises fermented dandelion and sodium humate, and a fermentation substrate of the fermented dandelion comprises dandelion, bran, corn flour and water. The invention also provides feed containing the feed additive and application of the feed additive in preparing feed, in particular feed for promoting growth, improving feed digestibility and enhancing blood antioxidant function. The feed additive disclosed by the invention is rich in active substances such as polysaccharide, flavone and polyphenol, is strong in oxidation resistance, has the effects of inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, removing free radicals, improving the digestibility of the feed and the oxidation resistance of organisms and the like, is a novel antibiotic substitute, and the preparation and application of the antibiotic substitute meet the strategic planning requirements of national resistance reduction and inhibition.)

1. A method of preparing a fermented dandelion feed additive, said method comprising:

(1) fermenting a fermentation substrate containing dandelion, bran, corn flour and water by using a microbial inoculum to prepare fermented dandelion;

(2) and mixing the fermented dandelion with sodium humate to prepare the fermented dandelion feed additive.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the fermentation substrate also comprises sodium bicarbonate, chili powder and ginger powder;

preferably, the fermentation substrate comprises, based on the total mass of the fermentation substrate: 20 to 30 mass% of dandelion; 15 to 25 mass% of bran; 2.5 to 5 mass% of corn flour; 0.05 to 0.2 mass% of sodium bicarbonate; 0.05 to 0.2 mass percent of chilli powder; 0.05 to 0.1 mass percent of ginger powder; and 45 to 55 mass% of water;

in addition, the mass ratio of the fermented dandelion to the sodium humate is (2-4): 1.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises a step of drying the prepared fermented dandelion between the steps (1) and (2), preferably, the drying temperature is 40 ℃ to 50 ℃.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step (1):

the fermentation conditions for fermenting the dandelion are as follows: the total inoculation amount is 5-10% (v/w), the fermentation time is 48-72 h, and the fermentation temperature is 30-34 ℃; and/or

The microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum, preferably a liquid composite microbial inoculum, and more preferably a liquid composite microbial inoculum consisting of bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 4:3: 3.

5. The fermented dandelion feed additive is characterized by comprising the following components:

(1) fermenting dandelion, wherein a fermentation substrate of the fermented dandelion comprises dandelion, bran, corn flour and water; and

(2) sodium humate.

6. The feed additive of claim 5, wherein:

the fermentation substrate also comprises sodium bicarbonate, chili powder and ginger powder;

preferably, the fermentation substrate comprises, based on the total mass of the fermentation substrate: the fermentation substrate comprises: 20 to 30 mass% of dandelion; 15 to 25 mass% of bran; 2.5 to 5 mass% of corn flour; 0.05 to 0.2 mass% of sodium bicarbonate; 0.05 to 0.2 mass percent of chilli powder; 0.05 to 0.1 mass percent of ginger powder; and 45 to 55 mass% of water;

in addition, the mass ratio of the fermented dandelion to the sodium humate is (2-4): 1.

7. The feed additive according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the feed additive comprises 110-150 mg/g of polysaccharide, 15-30 mg/g of flavone and 10-15 mg/g of polyphenol.

8. The feed additive according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the feed additive is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

9. A feed, characterized in that it comprises:

a feed additive prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 or the feed additive of any one of claims 5 to 9; preferably, the content of the feed additive in the feed is 0.2-0.5 g/kg based on the total mass of the feed; more preferably, the feed is a feed for promoting growth, increasing digestibility of the feed and enhancing blood antioxidant function; further preferably, the feed is sheep feed; still more preferably, the feed is a sheep feed for increasing the average daily gain of sheep to 190g or more.

10. Use of a feed additive prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 or a feed additive of any one of claims 5 to 9 in the preparation of a feed; preferably, the content of the feed additive in the feed is 0.2-0.5 g/kg based on the total mass of the feed; more preferably, the feed is a feed for promoting growth, increasing digestibility of the feed and enhancing blood antioxidant function; further preferably, the feed is sheep feed; still more preferably, the feed is a sheep feed for increasing the average daily gain of sheep to 190g or more.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, and in particular relates to a fermented dandelion feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Dandelion is a perennial herb of the Compositae family. According to statistics, 70 kinds of dandelion are totally contained in China, wherein at least 27 kinds of medicinal dandelion exist, and the medicinal dandelion grows all over the country except southeast and south China. The dandelion is bitter in taste and cold in nature, enters the liver and stomach meridians, has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, relieving swelling and resolving masses, protecting liver and benefiting gallbladder and the like as a traditional Chinese medicine, and is a common plant used as both medicine and food in China.

At present, dandelion is adopted as a raw material and is fermented into a fermentation solution, or a small amount of dandelion is used as a Chinese herbal medicine to be matched with other raw materials for fermentation, and the production of feed or feed additives by taking the dandelion as one of main fermentation substrates is never seen, and the reason is presumed to be as follows:

(1) it has been reported that after being decocted with a conventional dose of dandelion, gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and mild diarrhea are occasionally observed; after a large dose (30g/kg) of the decoction is infused for 3 days, the liver cells and the renal tubular epithelial cells of the experimental rabbit are slightly swollen, the renal tubules are narrowed, and the others are not obviously changed. In the subacute toxicity test of mice and rabbits, a small amount of cast and nephric tubular epithelial cell turbidimetry can appear in urine.

(2) And (3) allergic reaction: after the dandelion decoction and the dandelion wine infusion are taken, allergic reactions such as urticaria, systemic pruritus and the like can occur respectively. After intravenous drip, the dandelion injection also has the symptoms of chills, pale complexion, purplish blue or mental.

(3) The dandelion is used for treating yin cold syndrome, no heat symptom, long course of disease, weak constitution of patients, anorexia, lassitude, fatigue, sweating due to debility and pale complexion.

(4) Dandelion is contraindicated for patients with yang deficiency, external cold and spleen and stomach deficiency, and bitter and cold in nature, which enters liver and stomach, so that dandelion is generally not used as one of the main raw materials for fermentation preparation of feed or feed additive.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention provides in a first aspect a method for preparing a fermented dandelion feed additive, said method comprising:

(1) fermenting a fermentation substrate containing dandelion, bran, corn flour and water by using a microbial inoculum to prepare fermented dandelion; (2) and mixing the fermented dandelion with sodium humate to prepare the fermented dandelion feed additive.

The invention provides a fermented dandelion feed additive in a second aspect, which comprises the following components: (1) fermenting dandelion, wherein a fermentation substrate of the fermented dandelion comprises dandelion, bran, corn flour and water; and (2) sodium humate.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a feed comprising a feed additive produced by a method according to the first aspect of the invention or a feed additive according to the second aspect of the invention.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the use of a feed additive produced by the method of the first aspect of the invention or the feed additive of the second aspect of the invention in the manufacture of a feed.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the fermented dandelion feed additive provided by the invention is prepared by taking dandelion as a main fermentation raw material and performing mixed bacteria synergistic fermentation, is low in raw material cost and can be produced in a large scale.

(2) The fermented dandelion feed additive is rich in active substances such as polysaccharide, flavone and polyphenol, and can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, remove free radicals, and improve the digestibility of the feed and the antioxidant capacity of organisms.

(3) The fermented dandelion feed additive has natural source, no drug residue and no drug resistance, and is a novel healthy, safe and efficient antibiotic substitute product.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the effect of fermentation temperature on polysaccharide production from fermented dandelion.

FIG. 2 shows the effect of moisture content on polysaccharide production from fermented dandelion.

FIG. 3 shows the effect of inoculum size on polysaccharide yield of fermented dandelion.

FIG. 4 shows the effect of fermentation time on polysaccharide production by fermented dandelion.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described more clearly and completely in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

The present invention provides in a first aspect a method for preparing a fermented dandelion feed additive, said method comprising: (1) fermenting a fermentation substrate containing dandelion, bran, corn flour and water by using a microbial inoculum to prepare fermented dandelion; (2) and mixing the fermented dandelion with sodium humate to prepare the fermented dandelion feed additive.

In some preferred embodiments, the fermentation substrate further comprises sodium bicarbonate, paprika, and ginger powder.

In other preferred embodiments, the fermentation substrate comprises, based on the total mass of the fermentation substrate: 20 to 30 mass% (e.g., 25 mass%) of dandelion; 15 to 25 mass% (e.g., 20 mass%) of bran; 2.5 to 5 mass% (e.g., 3 or 4 mass%) of corn flour; 0.05 to 0.2 mass% (e.g., 0.1 or 0.15 mass%) of sodium hydrogencarbonate; 0.05 to 0.2 mass% (e.g., 0.1 or 0.15 mass%) of chili powder; 0.05 to 0.1 mass% (e.g., 0.08 mass%) of ginger powder; and 45 to 55 mass% (e.g., 50 mass%) of water.

The particle size of the solid material (i.e., the material other than water, hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as solid fermentation substrate) in the fermentation substrate in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a mesh screen having a mesh number of 20 to 40 (e.g., 30) meshes.

In other preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of the fermented dandelion to the sodium humate is (2-4): 1, for example, 3: 1. Preferably, the method further comprises a step of drying the prepared fermented dandelion between the step (1) and the step (2). More preferably, the temperature of the drying is from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃, for example 45 ℃. Thus, in some specific embodiments, the fermented dandelion feed additive is prepared by drying fermented dandelion at 40-50 ℃ and mixing with sodium humate in a ratio of (2-4): 1, and is rich in polysaccharide and antioxidant substances such as flavone and/or polyphenol.

In other preferred embodiments, in step (1): the fermentation conditions for fermenting the dandelion are as follows: the total inoculation amount is 5-10% (v/w) (e.g. 8% (v/w)), the fermentation time is 48-72 h (e.g. 60h), and the fermentation temperature is 30-34 ℃ (e.g. 31, 32, 33 or 34 ℃).

In other preferred embodiments, the microbial inoculum is a complex microbial inoculum, preferably a liquid complex microbial inoculum, more preferably a complex microbial inoculum prepared from a mixture of a microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum is 1: (0.75-4): (0.75 to 4) of Bacillus subtilis, such as 1:1:1, 4:3:3, 3:4:3, 3:3:4, preferably 4:3:3,A liquid composite microbial inoculum consisting of saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum. In some preferred embodiments, in the liquid composite microbial inoculum, the bacillus subtilis is 1-9 × 10⁹CFU/g, 1-9 multiplied by 10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae⁹CFU/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 1-9 × 10⁹CFU/g. Strains of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum are available, for example, from the research center for herbivorous livestock feed engineering in autonomous regions of inner Mongolia.

The invention provides a fermented dandelion feed additive in a second aspect, which comprises the following components: (1) fermenting dandelion, wherein a fermentation substrate of the fermented dandelion comprises dandelion, bran, corn flour and water; (2) sodium humate.

In some preferred embodiments, the fermentation substrate further comprises sodium bicarbonate, paprika, and ginger powder.

In other preferred embodiments, the fermentation substrate comprises, based on the total mass of the fermentation substrate: 20 to 30 mass% (e.g., 25 mass%) of dandelion; 15 to 25 mass% (e.g., 20 mass%) of bran; 2.5 to 5 mass% (e.g., 3 or 4 mass%) of corn flour; 0.05 to 0.2 mass% (e.g., 0.1 or 0.15 mass%) of sodium hydrogencarbonate; 0.05 to 0.2 mass% (e.g., 0.1 or 0.15 mass%) of chili powder; 0.05 to 0.1 mass% (e.g., 0.08 mass%) of ginger powder; and 45 to 55 mass% (e.g., 50 mass%) of water.

In other preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of the fermented dandelion to the sodium humate is (2-4) to 1, for example 3: 1.

In other preferred embodiments, the feed additive has a polysaccharide content of 110-150 mg/g (e.g., 120, 130, or 140mg/g), a flavone content of 15-30 mg/g (e.g., 20mg/g or 25mg/g), and a polyphenol content of 10-15 mg/g (e.g., 12 mg/g).

In other preferred embodiments, the feed additive is made by the method of the first aspect of the invention.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a feed comprising an additive produced by a method according to the first aspect of the invention or an additive according to the second aspect of the invention. Preferably, the feed additive is present in the feed in an amount of 0.1 to 0.8g/kg (e.g. 0.2g/kg, 0.3g/kg, 0.4g/kg, 0.5g/kg, 0.6g/kg or 0.7g/kg), more preferably 0.2 to 0.5g/kg, based on the total mass of the feed. The content of the feed additive in the feed can realize the effects of inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, eliminating free radicals, and improving the digestibility of the feed and the oxidation resistance of organisms. More preferably, the feed is a feed for promoting growth, increasing digestibility of the feed, and enhancing blood antioxidant function. Further preferably, the feed is sheep feed. Still more preferably, the feed is a sheep feed for increasing the average daily gain of sheep to 190g or more.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the use of an additive produced by the process of the first aspect of the invention or the additive of the second aspect of the invention in the preparation of a feed. Preferably, the feed additive is present in the feed in an amount of 0.1 to 0.8g/kg (e.g. 0.2g/kg, 0.3g/kg, 0.4g/kg, 0.5g/kg, 0.6g/kg or 0.7g/kg), more preferably 0.2 to 0.5g/kg, based on the total mass of the feed. More preferably, the feed is a feed for promoting growth, increasing digestibility of the feed, and enhancing blood antioxidant function. Further preferably, the feed is sheep feed. Still more preferably, the feed is a sheep feed for increasing the average daily gain of sheep to 190g or more.

The invention selects dandelion as a main raw material, and prepares the fermented dandelion feed additive by adopting a mixed bacteria synergistic fermentation mode. The inventor finds that the feed additive is rich in polysaccharide and antioxidant substances, can replace antibiotics, reduces drug residues, promotes the healthy and rapid development of the breeding industry, and provides an effective way for the functional development of the dandelion. Moreover, the dandelion is easy to grow, can be widely planted, has low cost and can meet the requirement of large-scale production. In addition, the fermented dandelion feed additive obtained by fermenting the dandelion is rich in active ingredients such as polysaccharide, flavone and polyphenol, can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, remove free radicals, improve the feed digestibility and the organism oxidation resistance, can replace antibiotics, and has good development value and wide application prospect.