阅读说明：本技术 一种多层纳米晶复合结构NiCrAlBNb基轴承保持架材料及其制备方法 (Multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 马洪儒 曹增志 曹帅涛 卞会涛 王连富 李爱虎 李淦鑫 张文帆 王秋菊 于 2019-10-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种多层纳米晶复合结构NiCrAlBNb基轴承保持架材料及其制备方法。轴承保持架主要成分包括NiCrAlBNb基体,软合金PbSnAgBiSb与多元复合调控剂。NiCrAlBNb基轴承保持架加工流程为多元板状晶体制备,各层材料设计计算、振动混合、热压成型和样品加工,多层结构复合,材料辊压处理。相比于均匀分布轴承保持架材料,NiCrAlBNb基多层纳米晶复合结构材料在满足轴承保持架材料性能要求的前提下,大大节省了材料使用量,同时多层纳米晶复合结构可以使轴承保持架在高温、高压等工况条件下能替代油、脂实现良好的润滑效果,并具有绿色环保,使用精度高、服役寿命长等优点。(The invention relates to a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and a preparation method thereof. The main components of the bearing retainer comprise a NiCrAlBNb matrix, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-component composite regulating agent. The NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer processing flow is preparation of a multi-element plate crystal, design calculation of materials of all layers, vibration mixing, hot press molding and sample processing, compounding of a multi-layer structure, and rolling treatment of the materials. Compared with the evenly distributed bearing retainer material, the NiCrAlBNb-based multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure material greatly saves the material usage amount on the premise of meeting the performance requirement of the bearing retainer material, and meanwhile, the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure can enable the bearing retainer to replace oil and grease to realize a good lubricating effect under the working conditions of high temperature, high pressure and the like, and has the advantages of environmental protection, high use precision, long service life and the like.)

1. A multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that: the composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the NiCrAlBNb as the base body of the bearing retainer is prepared by taking a matrix NiCrAlBNb, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent as raw materials and through the process flows of layer-by-layer design, layer-by-layer proportioning, layer-by-layer preparation and superposition molding.

2. The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing cage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the matrix comprises Ni, Cr, Al, B, Nb, Si, Co and Y elements, and the mass ratio of the elements is (70-80): (5-16): 4-7): 3-6): 2-4): 0.32-0.46: (0.2-0.4): 0.2-0.5); the mass ratio of the elements of the soft alloy PbSnAgBiS is (30-38): (23-27): 23-28): 15-18): 7-10.

3. The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing cage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the friction film comprises a metal base body, a friction film transition layer, a friction film supporting layer and a friction film contact layer, and the thickness ratio of the metal base body to the friction film transition layer to the friction film contact layer is (45-65): (15-23): (10-20): (5-12).

4. The method for preparing the multi-layer nano-crystal composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the metal matrix, the friction film transition layer, the friction film supporting layer and the friction film contact layer have different components, and the metal matrix is NiCrAlBNb-based high-temperature alloy; the friction film transition layer comprises NiCrAlBNb alloy, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent in a mass ratio of (40-55) to (15-20) to (25-45); the friction film supporting layer comprises a NiCrAlBNb matrix, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio of the soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb to the multi-element composite regulating agent is (10-15) to (10-13) to (72-80); the friction film contact layer comprises NiCrAlBNb alloy, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent in a mass ratio of (3-5) to (40-45) to (50-57).

5. The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the multi-element composite regulating agent has different proportions in each layer of components, and the friction film transition layer comprises 5-10% of ceramic fiber, 11-15% of carbon fiber, 2.5-5.5% of glass fiber, 16-25% of nano white corundum, 11-15% of titanium carbide, 13-16% of tantalum carbide, 2-3.1% of fullerene, 2-2.5% of graphene, 3-5% of tungsten disulfide and 16-25% of multilayer platy crystal; the friction film supporting layer comprises 6-12% of ceramic fiber, 10-17% of carbon fiber, 4.5-8% of glass fiber, 11-15% of nano white corundum, 8.5-12% of titanium carbide, 14.5-17% of tantalum carbide, 1-1.6% of fullerene, 1-1.3% of graphene, 1.7-2.5% of tungsten disulfide and 22-33% of multilayer platy crystal; the friction film contact layer comprises 2.5-9% of ceramic fiber, 5-8.2% of carbon fiber, 2.5-5% of glass fiber, 10.5-17% of nano white corundum, 12-20% of titanium carbide, 17-24% of tantalum carbide, 3-3.6% of fullerene, 3.6-6% of graphene, 4.5-7.5% of tungsten disulfide and 21.1-26% of multilayer platy crystal.

6. The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a preparation process of a multilayer platy crystal material MoSiCrO; respectively weighing ammonium molybdate, silicon powder and cadmium powder according to the mol ratio of (3-4) to (2-3) to (1-2), grinding and mixing the ammonium molybdate and other powder to obtain a plate crystal original ingredient which is uniformly mixed and has the average grain diameter of 40-45 mu m; and then sintering in a vacuum atmosphere furnace at the sintering temperature of 400-470 ℃, the heat preservation time of 5.5-6.5h and the protective gas of argon, wherein the oxygen amount is introduced in the sintering process of 75-125ml/min, and the multilayer platy crystal MoSiCrO is obtained.

7. The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the multi-layer composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material is obtained through the processes of multi-element plate crystal preparation, material design calculation of each layer, vibration mixing, hot press molding, sample processing, multilayer structure stacking firing, rolling and the like.

8. The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (3) performing hot press molding on each layer of material, namely respectively filling the uniformly mixed powder of each layer into a hot press molding die according to the component ratio of the metal matrix, the friction film transition layer, the friction film supporting layer and the friction film contact layer to obtain sheet materials of the metal matrix, the friction film transition layer, the friction film supporting layer and the friction film contact layer, and processing a sample to obtain the composite metal sheet with the diameter of 18-28 mm.

9. The multi-layered nano-crystalline composite NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the multi-layered composite structure process flow is characterized in that the metal substrate, the friction film transition layer, the friction film support layer and the friction film contact layer sheet material prepared in the claim 8 are sequentially arranged in a graphite mold with the diameter of 20-30mm, and a spark plasma sintering process is arranged to prepare the multi-layered structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material.

10. The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the rolling treatment process comprises repeatedly acting ceramic-based rolling body on the contact layer of the friction film to form a friction film with nanocrystalline structure, with applied pressure of 5-10MPa, linear velocity of 2-3m/s, and temperature of 100 deg.C^oC, the action time is 30-50 min.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and a preparation method thereof, belongs to an innovative research in the technical field of bearings, retainers and the like, and can replace a traditional bearing retainer to realize good lubricating performance under extreme working conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high speed, high vacuum and the like.

Technical Field

The alloy material used as the bearing retainer at present is required to have good thermal conductivity, excellent wear resistance, lower friction coefficient, low density, high strength and high toughness, excellent elasticity and rigidity, linear expansion coefficient similar to that of a rolling body and the like. The cage is also subjected to friction by chemical agents, such as lubricants, lubricant additives, organic solvents and coolants [ Wangziking, Limited design of Rolling bearings, Haerbin university Press, 2013.12 ]. At present, the bearing retainer material mainly comprises a steel retainer material, a non-ferrous metal retainer material, a non-metallic retainer material (a kindred steel, a Lixing forest, a Wangyong and the like), a common sense 2 nd edition of rolling bearings is used, and a mechanical industry publisher, 2015.03, and a very thin lubricating oil film is required to be arranged between a bearing rolling body and the retainer in the working process of the rolling bearing retainer material to achieve a good lubricating effect. However, in actual work, working conditions such as temperature and load, impact, vibration and the like are main reasons for causing the damage of a lubricating oil film of the bearing retainer, a light person affects the direct tribological performance between the rolling body and the retainer, the retainer can be burned and broken in a serious condition, and even the lubricating bearing can be failed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical defects, the invention provides a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and a preparation method thereof, and on the premise of meeting good heat conductivity, excellent wear resistance, low friction, small density and the like, the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material can realize the lubrication effect which can not be achieved by oil and grease under the working conditions of high temperature, high pressure and the like, has potential scientific value for improving the use precision and service life of the retainer, and provides research methods and technical guidance for the design and preparation of bearing retainers such as aerospace and high-end manufacturing equipment.

The invention relates to a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of burning and fracture of a bearing retainer under the condition that oil and grease can not realize lubrication, the adopted technical scheme can be described as follows:

a multi-layer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material is characterized in that a substrate NiCrAlBNb, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent are used as raw materials, and the multi-layer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material is prepared through the process flows of layer-by-layer design, layer-by-layer proportioning, layer-by-layer preparation, overlapping molding and the like.

The method comprises the following steps:

a multi-layer nano-crystal composite NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein a substrate NiCrAlBNb, a soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent are used as raw materials, and the multi-layer nano-crystal composite material taking the NiCrAlBNb as the bearing retainer substrate is prepared through the process flows of layer-by-layer design, layer-by-layer proportioning, layer-by-layer preparation, overlapping molding and the like.

The multi-layer nanocrystalline composite NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material in the step 1) comprises Ni, Cr, Al, B, Nb, Si, Co and Y, wherein the mass ratio of the elements is (70-80): 5-16): 4-7): 3-6): 2-4): 0.32-0.46): 0.2-0.4): 0.2-0.5; the mass ratio of each element of the soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb is (30-38): (23-27): (23-28): (15-18): (7-10).

The multilayer nanocrystalline composite NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material in the step 1) consists of a metal substrate, a friction film transition layer, a friction film supporting layer and a friction film contact layer, and the thickness ratio of each corresponding layer is (45-65): (15-23): (10-20): (5-12).

The preparation method of the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material in the step 3) comprises the steps that the components of a metal matrix, a friction film transition layer, a friction film supporting layer and a friction film contact layer are different, and the metal matrix is NiCrAlBNb-based high-temperature alloy; the friction film transition layer comprises NiCrAlBNb alloy, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent in a mass ratio of (40-55) to (15-20) to (25-45); the friction film supporting layer comprises a NiCrAlBNb matrix, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio of the soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb to the multi-element composite regulating agent is (10-15) to (10-13) to (72-80); the friction film contact layer comprises NiCrAlBNb alloy, soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent in a mass ratio of (3-5) to (40-45) to (50-57).

The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof in the step 4), wherein the multiple composite regulating agent has different proportions in the components of the metal substrate, the friction film transition layer, the friction film supporting layer and the friction film contact layer, and the friction film transition layer comprises 5-10% of ceramic fiber, 11-15% of carbon fiber, 2.5-5.5% of glass fiber, 16-25% of nano white corundum, 11-15% of titanium carbide, 13-16% of tantalum carbide, 2-3.1% of fullerene, 2-2.5% of graphene, 3-5% of tungsten disulfide and 16-25% of multilayer platy crystal; the friction film supporting layer comprises 6-12% of ceramic fiber, 10-17% of carbon fiber, 4.5-8% of glass fiber, 11-15% of nano white corundum, 8.5-12% of titanium carbide, 14.5-17% of tantalum carbide, 1-1.6% of fullerene, 1-1.3% of graphene, 1.7-2.5% of tungsten disulfide and 22-33% of multilayer platy crystal; the friction film contact layer comprises 2.5-9% of ceramic fiber, 5-8.2% of carbon fiber, 2.5-5% of glass fiber, 10.5-17% of nano white corundum, 12-20% of titanium carbide, 17-24% of tantalum carbide, 3-3.6% of fullerene, 3.6-6% of graphene, 4.5-7.5% of tungsten disulfide and 21.1-26% of multilayer platy crystal.

The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof in the step 5), wherein the preparation process of the multilayer plate-shaped crystal material MoSiCrO comprises the steps of weighing ammonium molybdate, silicon powder and cadmium powder respectively according to the molar ratio of (3-4) to (2-3) to (1-2), grinding and mixing the powder materials such as ammonium molybdate and the like to obtain a plate-shaped crystal original ingredient which is uniformly mixed and has the average particle size of 40-45 mu m; and then sintering in a vacuum atmosphere furnace at the sintering temperature of 400-470 ℃, the heat preservation time of 5.5-6.5h and the protective gas of argon, wherein the oxygen amount is introduced in the sintering process of 75-125ml/min, and the multilayer platy crystal MoSiCrO is obtained.

The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof in the step 1) are prepared by processes of multielement plate crystal preparation, material design calculation of each layer, vibration mixing, hot press molding, sample processing, multilayer structure stacking firing, rolling and the like, and the multilayer composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material is obtained.

The multilayer nanocrystalline composite NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof in the step 7), wherein each layer of material is subjected to hot press molding, uniformly mixed powder of each layer is respectively filled into a hot press molding die according to the component ratio of the metal substrate, the friction film transition layer, the friction film supporting layer and the friction film contact layer, and a composite metal sheet with the diameter of 18-28mm is obtained after sample processing.

The multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material and the preparation method thereof in the step 7) have the process flow of the multilayer composite structure, wherein the layers of the thin sheets prepared in the step 8 are sequentially arranged in a graphite mold with the diameter of 20-30mm, and the discharge plasma sintering process is arranged to prepare the multilayer structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material.

The rolling treatment process comprises the step of repeatedly acting a ceramic-based rolling element on a friction film contact layer to form a nanocrystalline friction film, wherein the applied pressure is 5-10MPa, the linear velocity is 2-3m/s, and the temperature is 100^oC, the action time is 30-50 min.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material can realize good frictional wear performance under the working conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high speed, high vacuum and the like, can achieve the lubrication effect which can not be realized by oil and grease, and has the advantages of environmental protection, long service life, high operation precision and the like;

2. the soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and the multi-element composite material cooperate for lubrication, so that the tribological performance of the NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer is greatly improved, the requirements of the bearing retainer on the structural mechanical performance are met, and the comprehensive mechanical performance of the soft alloy PbSnAgBiSb and the multi-element composite material is more superior than that of the traditional bearing retainer material;

3. according to the multi-layer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material, a NiCrAlBNb substrate is used as a connecting material among layers, so that the compatibility, the bonding property and the like of each layer are greatly improved, and the multi-layer nanocrystalline composite structure NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer material is an effective way for solving the technical problems of high-temperature peeling, easy separation of each layer and the like of a common multi-layer structure material.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process embodying the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of a multilayer plate-like crystalline MoSiCrO powder prepared in example 1.

FIG. 3 is a friction coefficient curve of a self-lubricating composite material of a multi-layer nanocrystalline NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a histogram of wear rate of a multi-layer nanocrystalline NiCrAlBNb-based self-lubricating composite material for a bearing cage prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows the electron microscope morphology of the self-lubricating composite material friction film transition layer and the friction film support layer of the multi-layer nanocrystalline NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer in the combined state, which is prepared under the conditions of example 2.

FIG. 6 is an electron probe morphology of a friction wear surface of a multi-layer nanocrystalline NiCrAlBNb-based bearing cage self-lubricating composite material prepared under the conditions of example 2.

FIG. 7 is a field emission scanning electron microscope appearance of a friction wear surface of a self-lubricating composite material of a multi-layer nanocrystalline NiCrAlBNb-based bearing retainer prepared in embodiment 3 of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a gray scale image of a 3D micro-morphology of the self-lubricating composite material of the multi-layer nanocrystalline NiCrAlBNb-based bearing cage in the form of frictional wear, which is prepared in example 3.

FIG. 9 is a black-white image of the 3D micro-morphology of the self-lubricating composite material of the multi-layer nano-crystalline NiCrAlBNb-based bearing cage in the friction wear state, which is prepared in example 3.

Detailed Description

In order to better develop the present invention and verify it, the following examples are given to illustrate some of the main research contents of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

The friction test conditions in the following examples were: the load is 10-20N, the rotating speed is 0.15-0.25m/s, and the time is 70 min.