阅读说明：本技术 一种高强度防水抗菌吊顶板的制备方法 (Preparation method of high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board ) 是由 和致倍 于 2019-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于建筑材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种高强度防水抗菌吊顶板的制备方法。本发明首先将蓖麻与棉花干燥混合,将自制粘结剂与珍珠岩、高岭土等原料混合,制坯,再进行上釉高温烧制即得高强度防水抗菌吊顶板,本发明将蓖麻和棉花进行碱液水煮和纤维素酶酶解,使蓖麻和棉花中含有的植物纤维成分高温水解,利用羟基基团与氢键作用提高吊顶板微观结构的结构强度,以提高吊顶板的抗形变能力和强度；将硝酸银引入植物纤维中,利用酶解反应,提高吊顶板的抗形变能力和耐久度,同时银单质纳米颗粒分散于吊顶板中,起到良好的杀菌抗菌性能,植物纤维在高温条件下生成碳纤维,提高吊顶板的致密性,增强防水性能,具有广阔的应用前景。(The invention belongs to the technical field of building material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board. According to the invention, firstly, castor and cotton are dried and mixed, a self-made binder is mixed with perlite, kaolin and other raw materials, the mixture is subjected to blank making, and glazing and high-temperature firing are carried out to obtain the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board; the silver nitrate is introduced into the plant fiber, the anti-deformation capability and the durability of the ceiling board are improved by utilizing the enzymolysis reaction, meanwhile, the silver simple substance nanoparticles are dispersed in the ceiling board to play a good role in sterilizing and antibacterial performance, the plant fiber generates carbon fiber under the high-temperature condition, the compactness of the ceiling board is improved, the waterproof performance is enhanced, and the application prospect is wide.)

1. A preparation method of a high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:

putting the self-made binder, bentonite, kaolin, perlite and zeolite into a grinding machine for mixing and grinding, preparing a blank, drying to prepare a prefabricated blank body, glazing the prefabricated blank body, putting the glazed prefabricated blank body into a firing kiln at the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃, sintering and discharging to obtain the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board;

the self-made adhesive is prepared by the following specific steps:

(1) adding silver nitrate powder into a beaker, placing the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 2-3 hours under the condition of the frequency of 32-36 kHz to prepare dispersion liquid, putting the dispersion liquid into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating and drying under the conditions of the rotating speed of 120-140 r/min and the temperature of 50-80 ℃ until the mass of a product is constant to prepare a modified dry product;

(2) placing the modified dried product into a glass dish, dropwise adding a sodium carbonate solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% into the glass dish, putting materials in the glass dish into a muffle furnace after dropwise adding, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 180-220 ℃, heating at a constant temperature for 100-120 min, putting into a planetary ball mill after heating, and grinding for 30-40 min under the conditions that the rotation speed is 150-180 r/min and the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1 to prepare the self-made binder;

the specific preparation steps of the organic fiber mixed solution are as follows:

(1) putting castor and cotton into a vacuum drying oven, drying for 4-5 hours under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 150-200 Pa and the temperature is 50-60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material and deionized water into a reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 130-150 ℃, and standing at a constant temperature for 2-3 hours to obtain reaction slurry;

(2) putting the reaction slurry and 8-12% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution into a beaker, placing the beaker into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 70-80 ℃, standing at constant temperature for 60-80 min to prepare alkaline reaction liquid, dropwise adding 5-10% by mass of hydrochloric acid into the beaker to adjust the pH value to 6.0-6.5, and stirring with a stirring device at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min for 50-60 min to prepare reaction emulsion;

(3) putting the reaction emulsion and cellulase into an enzymolysis tank, uniformly mixing, putting the enzymolysis tank into a greenhouse with the indoor temperature of 32-36 ℃, standing at a constant temperature for 1-2 days to prepare an enzymolysis product, putting the enzymolysis product and hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 6-10% into a beaker, putting the beaker into a resistance heating sleeve, raising the temperature in the heating sleeve to 70-80 ℃, and standing at the constant temperature for 60-70 min to prepare an organic fiber mixed solution.

2. The method for preparing the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: preferably, the self-made binder comprises, by weight, 8-10 parts of bentonite, 2-4 parts of kaolin, 20-22 parts of perlite and 2-3 parts of zeolite.

3. The method for preparing the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass of the silver nitrate powder added into the beaker in the specific preparation step (1) of the self-made binder is 2-4% of the mass of the organic fiber mixed solution.

4. The method for preparing the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass of the sodium carbonate solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% dripped into the glass dish in the specific preparation step (2) of the self-made binder is 4-8% of the mass of the modified dry product.

5. The method for preparing the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the castor to the cotton in the specific preparation step (1) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 10: 1.

6. The method for preparing the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the mixed material and the deionized water in the specific preparation step (1) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 1: 10.

7. The method for preparing the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the reaction slurry to the sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 8-12% in the specific preparation step (2) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 1: 3.

8. The method for preparing the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the reaction emulsion to the cellulase in the specific preparation step (3) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 50: 1.

9. the method for preparing the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the enzymolysis product to hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 6-10% in the specific preparation step (3) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 1: 10.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of building material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board.

Background

The ceiling board has wide application in home decoration and commercial decoration, and the ceiling board in the market is more and more in variety at present, and along with the requirement of people for the environmental quality after the decoration, has the advantages of beautifying the environment, being safe and reliable, and building materials beneficial to health are more and more favored by people.

Home decoration suspended ceilings are a common link in home decoration. The suspended ceiling is classified differently according to the material of the decorative plate. The ceiling decoration material is the main basis of distinguishing the ceiling name, and mainly has: light steel keel gypsum board suspended ceiling, mineral wool board suspended ceiling, splint suspended ceiling, special-shaped long aluminum pinch plate suspended ceiling, square paint-coated aluminum pinch plate suspended ceiling, painted glass suspended ceiling, aluminum honeycomb perforated acoustic panel suspended ceiling, full-house duplex suspended ceiling and the like. The decorative board takes a very important position in the whole decoration of a room, and the top surface of the room is properly decorated, so that the indoor environment can be beautified, and a colorful indoor space artistic image can be created. When the ceiling decoration material and the design scheme are selected, the principle of material saving, firmness, safety, beauty and practicability is followed.

The decorative gypsum board ceiling board is made up by using gypsum as main raw material, adding fibre, adhesive and modifying agent, mixing, pressing and drying, and has the excellent properties of fire-proofing, sound-proofing, heat-insulating, light weight, ageing-proofing and moth-proofing, etc.. For example, patent literature discloses a glass fiber composite reinforced gypsum ceiling board and ceiling structure thereof, including connecting rod, furred ceiling gypsum board, locating rack, wherein the furred ceiling gypsum board is rectangle groove structure, its upper surface edge establishes the connection location cell wall, the lower surface is the decorative cover, wherein establish the connection screw on the cell wall in addition, all connect through connecting screw and locating rack between the adjacent furred ceiling gypsum board, the locating rack includes horizontal location board and connection riser, the connection riser is articulated with the connecting rod in addition, the gypsum ceiling board includes gypsum substrate and glass fiber net in addition, wherein glass fiber net is two-layer at least and inlays inside the gypsum substrate, in addition mutual parallel distribution. However, the gypsum board has the problem of easy deformation due to moisture absorption, and the application of the gypsum board in southern areas of China and the service life of the gypsum board are severely limited.

The metal composite ceiling board is a ceiling board formed by processing and molding a single-layer metal composite material and then covering a protective and decorative coating, an oxidation film or a plastic film on the surface of the ceiling board; its advantage is high resistance to moisture. For example, patent literature discloses a detachable perforated sound-absorbing ceiling panel that includes at least a perforated metal ceiling panel, at least one heat pipe, at least one heat-conducting base, a plurality of auxiliary fixtures, an insulating layer, and a plurality of fixtures. However, the metal ceiling board has the disadvantages that the ceiling board does not absorb moisture, water drops are easy to condense on the surface of the metal ceiling board, the ceiling board drips water, the metal ceiling board is easy to deform in processing and transportation, the production cost is high, the surface protection layer is easy to age, and the like.

The organic polymer ceiling board is processed by using polymers as main raw materials, and has the advantages of light weight and moisture resistance. For example, the patent literature discloses a building material board filled with an organic polymer binder or an inorganic binder in a board body, including a fiber-reinforced calcium silicate board or a fiber-reinforced cement board, wherein the board body is filled with the organic polymer binder or the inorganic binder in whole or part, the binder penetrates into the micropore gaps of the board body and is bonded with the surrounding solid particles of the board body, and after curing, a hard and firm combination is formed, so that the strength of the board body is increased, and the board body is not sagged due to insufficient strength when used as a ceiling board. However, the organic polymer ceiling tile generally has the disadvantages of fire resistance, low safety, great environmental pollution caused by production, manufacture and recovery, high production cost, no ultraviolet aging resistance and the like.

The existing ceiling tiles have the following: general waterproof performance, poor antibacterial effect, general mechanical properties and the like.

Therefore, the invention of the excellent ceiling plate has positive significance to the technical field of building material preparation.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the defects that the existing ceiling board has general waterproof performance and poor antibacterial effect, and the ceiling board has poor bending deformation resistance and poor durability caused by the mechanical property of the ceiling board, the preparation method of the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board is provided.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a preparation method of a high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:

putting the self-made binder, bentonite, kaolin, perlite and zeolite into a grinding machine for mixing and grinding, preparing a blank, drying to prepare a prefabricated blank body, glazing the prefabricated blank body, putting the glazed prefabricated blank body into a firing kiln at the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃, sintering and discharging to obtain the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board;

the self-made adhesive is prepared by the following specific steps:

(1) adding silver nitrate powder into a beaker, placing the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 2-3 hours under the condition of the frequency of 32-36 kHz to prepare dispersion liquid, putting the dispersion liquid into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating and drying under the conditions of the rotating speed of 120-140 r/min and the temperature of 50-80 ℃ until the mass of a product is constant to prepare a modified dry product;

(2) placing the modified dried product into a glass dish, dropwise adding a sodium carbonate solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% into the glass dish, putting materials in the glass dish into a muffle furnace after dropwise adding, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 180-220 ℃, heating at a constant temperature for 100-120 min, putting into a planetary ball mill after heating, and grinding for 30-40 min under the conditions that the rotation speed is 150-180 r/min and the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1 to prepare the self-made binder;

the specific preparation steps of the organic fiber mixed solution are as follows:

(1) putting castor and cotton into a vacuum drying oven, drying for 4-5 hours under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 150-200 Pa and the temperature is 50-60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material and deionized water into a reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 130-150 ℃, and standing at a constant temperature for 2-3 hours to obtain reaction slurry;

(2) putting the reaction slurry and 8-12% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution into a beaker, placing the beaker into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 70-80 ℃, standing at constant temperature for 60-80 min to prepare alkaline reaction liquid, dropwise adding 5-10% by mass of hydrochloric acid into the beaker to adjust the pH value to 6.0-6.5, and stirring with a stirring device at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min for 50-60 min to prepare reaction emulsion;

(3) putting the reaction emulsion and cellulase into an enzymolysis tank, uniformly mixing, putting the enzymolysis tank into a greenhouse with the indoor temperature of 32-36 ℃, standing at a constant temperature for 1-2 days to prepare an enzymolysis product, putting the enzymolysis product and hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 6-10% into a beaker, putting the beaker into a resistance heating sleeve, raising the temperature in the heating sleeve to 70-80 ℃, and standing at the constant temperature for 60-70 min to prepare an organic fiber mixed solution.

Preferably, the self-made binder comprises, by weight, 8-10 parts of bentonite, 2-4 parts of kaolin, 20-22 parts of perlite and 2-3 parts of zeolite.

The mass of the silver nitrate powder added into the beaker in the specific preparation step (1) of the self-made binder is 2-4% of the mass of the organic fiber mixed solution.

The mass of the sodium carbonate solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% dripped into the glass dish in the specific preparation step (2) of the self-made binder is 4-8% of the mass of the modified dry product.

The mass ratio of the castor to the cotton in the specific preparation step (1) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 10: 1.

The mass ratio of the mixed material and the deionized water in the specific preparation step (1) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 1: 10.

The mass ratio of the reaction slurry to the sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 8-12% in the specific preparation step (2) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 1: 3.

The mass ratio of the reaction emulsion to the cellulase in the specific preparation step (3) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 50: 1.

the mass ratio of the enzymolysis product to hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 6-10% in the specific preparation step (3) of the organic fiber mixed solution is 1: 10.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the invention firstly dries and mixes castor and cotton, and reacts with water at high temperature to prepare reaction slurry, then alkali liquor is added for high-temperature reaction, pH value is adjusted after reaction, cellulose is added for enzymolysis, hydrochloric acid is added for high-temperature reaction to prepare organic fiber mixed liquor, silver nitrate is added for ultrasonic oscillation, then modified dry products are prepared by concentration and drying, then sodium carbonate is added into the modified dry products, self-made binder is prepared by high-temperature sintering and grinding after dropwise addition, finally the self-made binder is mixed with perlite, kaolin and other raw materials, blank is prepared, glazing and high-temperature firing are carried out to obtain the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board, the invention carries out alkali liquor water boiling and cellulose enzymolysis on castor and cotton, plant fiber components contained in the castor and cotton are hydrolyzed at high temperature, fiber components are extracted, and hydroxyl groups are introduced into a fiber structure, the bonding degree of molecules in the microstructure of the ceiling board is improved by utilizing the hydrogen bond action between the hydroxyl groups and the surrounding components in the ceiling board, so that the structural strength of the microstructure of the ceiling board is improved, and the mechanical strength of the ceiling board is enhanced to improve the deformation resistance and strength of the ceiling board;

(2) the invention introduces silver nitrate into plant fiber, utilizes enzymolysis reaction to generate carboxyl on the surface of the fiber, utilizes complexation reaction to absorb silver ions into the fiber, adds sodium carbonate solution to combine carbonate with anions to generate silver carbonate to be absorbed on the surface of the plant fiber, generates silver simple substance to be absorbed in the plant fiber through high-temperature reaction, further improves the mechanical strength of the ceiling board by introducing metal simple substance components, thereby improving the anti-deformation capability and durability of the ceiling board, simultaneously disperses silver simple substance nano particles in the ceiling board, breaks the charge balance in the microorganism absorbed on the surface of the ceiling board through the silver simple substance to play good sterilization and antibacterial properties, simultaneously the plant fiber generates carbon fiber under high-temperature condition to form covalent bond to further shorten the space between molecules in the ceiling board, improve the compactness of the ceiling board and enhance the waterproof property, has wide application prospect.

Detailed Description

Putting castor-oil plant and cotton into a vacuum drying oven according to the mass ratio of 10:1, drying for 4-5 hours under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 150-200 Pa and the temperature is 50-60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material and deionized water into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:10, sealing the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 130-150 ℃, and standing at a constant temperature for 2-3 hours to obtain reaction slurry; putting the reaction slurry and 8-12% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:3, putting the beaker into a water bath kettle with the water bath temperature of 70-80 ℃, standing at a constant temperature for 60-80 min to prepare an alkaline reaction solution, dropwise adding 5-10% by mass of hydrochloric acid into the beaker to adjust the pH value to 6.0-6.5, and stirring with a stirring device at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min for 50-60 min to prepare a reaction emulsion; mixing the reaction emulsion and cellulase according to a mass ratio of 50: 1, putting the mixture into an enzymolysis tank, uniformly mixing, putting the enzymolysis tank into a greenhouse with the indoor temperature of 32-36 ℃, standing at a constant temperature for 1-2 days to prepare an enzymolysis product, putting the enzymolysis product and 6-10 mass percent hydrochloric acid into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting the beaker into a resistance heating sleeve, raising the temperature in the heating sleeve to 70-80 ℃, and standing at the constant temperature for 60-70 min to prepare an organic fiber mixed solution; adding silver nitrate powder accounting for 2-4% of the mass of the organic fiber mixed solution into the beaker, placing the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator, oscillating for 2-3 hours under the condition of the frequency of 32-36 kHz to prepare dispersion liquid, putting the dispersion liquid into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating and drying under the conditions of the rotating speed of 120-140 r/min and the temperature of 50-80 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to prepare a modified dry product; placing the modified dried product into a glass dish, dropwise adding a sodium carbonate solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% and the mass of 4-8% of the modified dried product into the glass dish, after dropwise adding, putting the material in the glass dish into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 180-220 ℃, heating at a constant temperature for 100-120 min, after heating, putting into a planetary ball mill, and grinding for 30-40 min under the conditions that the rotation speed is 150-180 r/min and the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1 to prepare the self-made binder; putting 8-10 parts of the self-made binder, 2-4 parts of bentonite, 3-5 parts of kaolin, 20-22 parts of perlite and 2-3 parts of zeolite into a grinding machine for mixing and grinding, preparing a blank and drying to obtain a prefabricated blank body, glazing the prefabricated blank body, putting the glazed prefabricated blank body into a firing kiln at the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃, sintering and discharging to obtain the high-strength waterproof antibacterial ceiling board.