阅读说明：本技术 一种感应式等离子体加速装置及方法 (Induction type plasma accelerating device and method ) 是由 李小康 程谋森 吴建军 车碧轩 王墨戈 郭大伟 杨雄 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种感应式等离子体加速装置及方法,包括脉冲激光组件、脉冲放电组件、激励线圈组件、固态工质与控制组件；激励线圈组件与脉冲放电组件电联以使得脉冲放电组件放电过程中在激励线圈组件内产生脉冲强电流,进一步在激励线圈组件周围激发感应脉冲电磁场；固态工质位于脉冲激光组件所射出的脉冲激光的光路上以使得固态工质在脉冲激光的烧蚀作用下产生脉冲气体,感应脉冲电磁场位于脉冲气体的流通气路上以使得脉冲气体能够进入感应脉冲电磁场；脉冲激光组件、脉冲放电组件均与控制组件电联。通过对工质供给方式的创新,解决其使用中的寿命瓶颈问题,达到高效利用工质、充分发挥该类推进装置优点、推动各类装置实用化的目的。(The invention discloses an induction type plasma accelerating device and method, comprising a pulse laser component, a pulse discharge component, an exciting coil component, a solid working medium and a control component; the excitation coil assembly is electrically connected with the pulse discharge assembly so that a pulse strong current is generated in the excitation coil assembly in the discharge process of the pulse discharge assembly, and an induced pulse electromagnetic field is further excited around the excitation coil assembly; the solid working medium is positioned on the light path of the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser component so that the solid working medium generates pulse gas under the ablation action of the pulse laser, and the induction pulse electromagnetic field is positioned on the circulation gas path of the pulse gas so that the pulse gas can enter the induction pulse electromagnetic field; the pulse laser assembly and the pulse discharge assembly are electrically connected with the control assembly. Through the innovation to working medium supply mode, solve its life-span bottleneck problem in using, reach the purpose that high-efficient working medium of utilization, this type of advancing device advantage of full play, promote all kinds of device practicality.)

1. An induction type plasma accelerating device is characterized by comprising a pulse laser component, a pulse discharging component, an exciting coil component, a solid working medium and a control component;

the excitation coil assembly is electrically connected with the pulse discharge assembly so that a pulse strong current is generated in the excitation coil assembly during the discharge process of the pulse discharge assembly, and an induced pulse electromagnetic field is further excited around the excitation coil assembly;

the solid working medium is positioned on a light path of pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser assembly so that the solid working medium generates pulse gas under the ablation action of the pulse laser, and the induction pulse electromagnetic field is positioned on a circulation gas path of the pulse gas so that the pulse gas can enter the induction pulse electromagnetic field;

the pulse laser assembly and the pulse discharge assembly are electrically connected with the control assembly to control the power and the frequency of the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser assembly.

2. The induction type plasma accelerator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulsed laser component emits pulsed laser light, and a reflection component capable of changing the direction of the light path is disposed on the light path of the pulsed laser light, so that the laser light can accurately irradiate the solid working medium according to a predetermined intensity distribution.

3. The inductive plasma accelerator of claim 2, further comprising a support, wherein the reflective assembly comprises a first reflector and a second reflector disposed on the support, the first reflector having an axisymmetric cone-like configuration and the second reflector having an axisymmetric ring-like configuration;

the first reflector is positioned in the annular opening of the second reflector, the reflector plate of the first reflector is positioned on the conical surface of the conical configuration, and the reflecting surface of the second reflector is positioned on the inner annular surface of the annular configuration;

the solid working medium and the excitation coil assembly are arranged on the bracket and are positioned between the reflecting surface of the first reflecting mirror and the reflecting surface of the second reflecting mirror, and the excitation coil assembly is positioned below the solid working medium and excites an induced pulse electromagnetic field above the solid working medium;

and the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser component irradiates the solid working medium after passing through the reflecting surface of the first reflecting mirror and the reflecting surface of the second reflecting mirror.

4. The inductive plasma accelerator of claim 3, wherein the generatrix of the first mirror and the generatrix of the second mirror are in a linear configuration or a curved configuration.

5. The inductive plasma accelerator of claim 2, further comprising a bracket assembly comprising a support pedestal and a tower disposed on the support pedestal, wherein the excitation coil assembly is disposed on the support pedestal and is wound around the tower;

the solid working medium is of a columnar structure, one end of the solid working medium abuts against the supporting base frame, the other end of the solid working medium is located in the tower barrel, and the outer wall of the part of the solid working medium located in the tower barrel is in contact connection with the inner wall of the tower barrel;

the reflection assembly comprises a reflection base frame suspended above the tower drum, and a third reflector and a lens which are arranged on the reflection base frame, the third reflector is positioned above the lens, the reflection surface of the third reflector faces the lens, an annular skirt edge extending downwards is arranged around the lens, the lens is positioned right above the tower drum and faces the end part of the solid working medium, and an annular nozzle facing the excitation coil assembly is formed by the inner wall of the annular skirt edge and the outer wall of the tower drum in a surrounding manner;

and the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser component passes through the reflecting surface of the third reflector and the lens and then irradiates the end part of the solid working medium.

6. The inductive plasma accelerator of claim 5, wherein the support pedestal is provided with a confinement member having an annular configuration, and the excitation coil assembly is located between an inner wall of the confinement member and an outer wall of the tower.

7. The inductive plasma accelerator according to claim 5, wherein a support spring is disposed on the support base frame at a position corresponding to the solid working medium, and an end of the solid working medium abuts against the support spring.

8. The inductive plasma accelerator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the exciting coil assembly is formed by overlapping a plurality of helical wire antennas in an axisymmetric manner.

9. The inductive plasma accelerator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the solid working medium is made of a high polymer material or a metal material.

10. An induction type plasma accelerating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the pulse laser ablates the solid working medium to generate a pulse gaseous ablation product, namely pulse airflow;

breaking down gaseous ablation products and establishing a toroidal plasma current by inducing a circumferential electric field component of the pulsed electromagnetic field;

axial Lorentz force is generated by interaction of radial magnetic field components of the induction pulse electromagnetic field and plasma current to accelerate the plasma, so that a propulsion effect is generated;

wherein the output and pulse frequency of the pulsed gaseous ablation products are controlled by controlling the power and frequency of the pulsed laser.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electric propulsion, in particular to an induction type plasma accelerating device and method.

Background

Various engineering applications require the generation and acceleration of plasma. Typical applications include plasma spraying, surface finishing, or propulsion systems in the aerospace field.

In the field of aerospace, propulsion devices are extremely important to spacecraft as part of providing power, and are the basis on which a spacecraft can complete tasks. Compared with the traditional chemical propulsion, the electric propulsion accelerates the propellant by electric energy to obtain the thrust, the propulsion energy is from the outside of the propellant, the higher jet speed can be obtained, the consumption of the propellant can be effectively reduced, and the effective load of the spacecraft can be increased. At present, the electric propulsion technology is widely applied to spacecrafts, and more than half of high-orbit communication satellites are equipped with electric propulsion systems and become one of the signs of advancement of satellite platforms.

In electric propulsion, one type of propulsion device accelerates plasma by using electromagnetic force, which is an important category in electric propulsion and is a hot spot of international research in recent years. The working principle of the device is that electric energy is used for ionizing working media to obtain plasma, the plasma is further accelerated by electromagnetic force to be sprayed outwards at a very high speed, and meanwhile, according to the principle of acting force and reacting force, the sprayed plasma generates a reverse thrust or impulse to the device.

A conventional plasma accelerator, such as a Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT), generates plasma in a manner that is essentially an inter-electrode discharge, so that a necessary component is a discharge electrode. When PPT works, micro discharge is carried out through a spark plug to trigger main discharge between two parallel plate electrodes, the main discharge generates larger discharge current to establish a self-induction magnetic field, and a layer of solid working medium is ablated and stripped at the same time to further form plasma. The plasma current interacts with the magnetic field to produce a lorentz force that accelerates the jet to produce a pulsed thrust. Due to the existence of the electrode, the propulsion device inevitably has the problems of shortened service life, plasma component pollution, poor working medium compatibility and the like caused by electrode ablation, so that the practical application of the propulsion device is restricted to a certain extent.

For the above reasons, researchers have proposed an electrodeless pulse induction plasma thruster (also referred to as an induction pulse plasma thruster) using a gaseous working medium. The device utilizes the pulse induction discharge principle and the induction vortex repulsion principle to realize ionization and acceleration of working media, adopts the working media as gas, and is controlled by a pulse type gas valve. When the device works, the device is divided into two stages: in the first stage, a pulse gas supply valve at the upstream of an injector is quickly opened, working medium gas is injected to the surface of an exciting coil group through a tower injector, and the pulse gas valve is quickly closed after the specified mass of a gas mass is reached; the working medium gas moves along the surface of the exciting coil group and spreads out until the expected gas distribution is achieved; in the second stage, the energy storage capacitor triggers discharge to generate pulse strong current in the exciting coil group; the pulse current excites an induced pulse electromagnetic field through the exciting coil group, and the circumferential electric field component of the pulse electromagnetic field breaks down gas and establishes annular plasma current; the radial magnetic field component interacts with the plasma current to generate axial Lorentz force to accelerate the plasma, so that thrust is generated and a working pulse is completed. When a plurality of working pulses work at a certain repetition frequency, the device can obtain continuous pushing action.

The above description shows that the existing gaseous working medium pulse induction plasma thruster adopts a pulse gas valve which is opened and closed at high speed to realize pulse gas supply, if the valve is opened and closed too slowly, pulse discharge does not start or discharge is finished when part of gas reaches an exciting coil, a large amount of working medium is wasted due to dissipation, and the thruster is unacceptable for aerospace application occasions where the working medium is precious. Therefore, the thruster puts high requirements on the pulse gas supply subsystem, the requirements on delay time, opening time and closing time of a valve are very strict, and the opening and closing time needs to be as short as hundreds of microseconds or even tens of microseconds. In addition, the existing pulse induction plasma thruster based on the high-speed pulse gas valve has the following problems:

1. the life span is problematic. The thruster operates at a repetition rate, the valve needs to open and close at extremely high speed in each pulse, the moving parts necessarily need to bear extremely high force, and the valve life becomes a bottleneck problem for the whole device. Taking the typical case of the core components of the United states as an example, the discharge capacitance life can reach 10⁷Then, the discharge switch can reach 10⁵Next, but typical pulsed gas valves have lifetimes of only 10³And the practical application of the device is greatly restricted.

2. Power consumption problems. When the valve core of the valve is switched between the static state, the high-speed movement state and the static state at high speed, a large part of energy has to be lost on the braking of the valve core, and therefore, larger additional power is needed to drive the valve to work. This causes a reduction in system efficiency, and also causes problems of heat dissipation, system complexity, and the like.

3. The problem of interference. The driving device of the valve and the driving circuit of the exciting coil group are electrically connected, so that mutual interference between the driving device and the exciting coil group and even misoperation of the valve can be caused. This is not allowed in practical operation where the timing needs to be closely matched.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at a short plate in the aspect of working medium supply in an induction type pulse plasma accelerating device of gaseous working medium in the prior art, the invention provides the induction type plasma accelerating device and the method, which solve the problem of service life bottleneck in use by combining the overall design of a propelling device through innovation of a working medium supply mode and achieve the aims of efficiently utilizing the working medium, fully exerting the advantages of the propelling device and promoting the practicability of various devices.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an induction type plasma accelerating device, which comprises a pulse laser component, a pulse discharge component, an exciting coil component, a solid working medium and a control component, wherein the pulse laser component is arranged on the exciting coil component;

the excitation coil assembly is electrically connected with the pulse discharge assembly so that a pulse strong current is generated in the excitation coil assembly during the discharge process of the pulse discharge assembly, and an induced pulse electromagnetic field is further excited around the excitation coil assembly;

the solid working medium is positioned on a light path of pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser assembly so that the solid working medium generates pulse gas under the ablation action of the pulse laser, and the induction pulse electromagnetic field is positioned on a circulation gas path of the pulse gas so that the pulse gas can enter the induction pulse electromagnetic field;

the pulse laser assembly and the pulse discharge assembly are electrically connected with the control assembly to control the power and the frequency of the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser assembly.

Further preferably, a reflection assembly capable of changing the direction of the light path is arranged on the light path of the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser assembly, so that the laser can accurately irradiate the solid working medium according to a preset intensity distribution.

Further preferably, the reflecting device further comprises a support, the reflecting assembly comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror which are arranged on the support, the first reflecting mirror is in an axisymmetric conical configuration, and the second reflecting mirror is in an axisymmetric annular configuration;

the first reflector is positioned in the annular opening of the second reflector, the reflector plate of the first reflector is positioned on the conical surface of the conical configuration, and the reflecting surface of the second reflector is positioned on the inner annular surface of the annular configuration;

the solid working medium and the excitation coil assembly are arranged on the bracket and are positioned between the reflecting surface of the first reflecting mirror and the reflecting surface of the second reflecting mirror, and the excitation coil assembly is positioned below the solid working medium and excites an induced pulse electromagnetic field above the solid working medium;

and the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser component irradiates the solid working medium after passing through the reflecting surface of the first reflecting mirror and the reflecting surface of the second reflecting mirror.

Further preferably, a generatrix of the first mirror and a generatrix of the second mirror are in a linear configuration or a curved configuration.

Further preferably, the excitation coil assembly further comprises a support assembly, wherein the support assembly comprises a support base frame and a tower drum arranged on the support base frame, and the excitation coil assembly is arranged on the support base frame and is wound around the tower drum;

the solid working medium is of a columnar structure, one end of the solid working medium abuts against the supporting base frame, the other end of the solid working medium is located in the tower barrel, and the outer wall of the part of the solid working medium located in the tower barrel is in contact connection with the inner wall of the tower barrel;

the reflection assembly comprises a reflection base frame suspended above the tower drum, and a third reflector and a lens which are arranged on the reflection base frame, the third reflector is positioned above the lens, the reflection surface of the third reflector faces the lens, an annular skirt edge extending downwards is arranged around the lens, the lens is positioned right above the tower drum and faces the end part of the solid working medium, and an annular nozzle facing the excitation coil assembly is formed by the inner wall of the annular skirt edge and the outer wall of the tower drum in a surrounding manner;

and the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser component passes through the reflecting surface of the third reflector and the lens and then irradiates the end part of the solid working medium.

Further preferably, a restraining member of an annular structure is arranged on the support base frame, and the excitation coil assembly is located between an inner wall of the restraining member and an outer wall of the tower.

Preferably, a support spring is arranged on the support base frame corresponding to the position of the solid working medium, and the end part of the solid working medium abuts against the support spring.

Further preferably, the excitation coil assembly is formed by overlapping a plurality of helical line antennas in an axisymmetric manner.

Further preferably, the solid working medium is made of a high polymer material or a metal material.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an inductive plasma accelerating method, which specifically includes the following steps:

the pulse laser ablates the solid working medium to generate a pulse gaseous ablation product, namely pulse airflow;

breaking down gaseous ablation products and establishing a toroidal plasma current by inducing a circumferential electric field component of the pulsed electromagnetic field;

axial Lorentz force is generated by interaction of radial magnetic field components of the induction pulse electromagnetic field and plasma current to accelerate the plasma, so that a propulsion effect is generated;

wherein the output and pulse frequency of the pulsed gaseous ablation products are controlled by controlling the power and frequency of the pulsed laser.

The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

(1) the induction type plasma accelerating device provided by the invention realizes the supply of the working medium based on the pulse laser ablation solid working medium, and further realizes the ionization and acceleration of the plasma by adopting the pulse induction discharge principle and the induction eddy repulsion principle. Compared with the scheme based on the pulse gas valve in the prior art, the scheme has the advantages that no part needing high-speed motion exists, the high-speed valve core does not need to be braked, the pulse frequency of the pulse gas flow generated after the solid working medium is ablated is controlled by adjusting the pulse period of the pulse laser, and the pulse frequency of the pulse gas flow formed by controlling the gas flow through the pulse gas valve in the prior art is replaced. For the pulse laser component, the period of the pulse laser is adjusted only by controlling the pulse laser from a circuit, and the high-frequency mechanical action of the pulse laser to a pulse airflow valve is not needed, so that the problem of service life bottleneck is solved, and the system efficiency is improved;

(2) the induction type plasma accelerating device of the invention adopts solid working medium, thus saving parts such as a working medium storage tank, a pipeline, a valve and the like, and effectively reducing the complexity of the system;

(3) the induction type plasma accelerating device realizes photoelectric decoupling between the working medium supply part consisting of the pulse laser assembly and the solid working medium and the strong discharge part consisting of the pulse discharge assembly and the exciting coil assembly, and greatly reduces the possibility of mutual crosstalk and misoperation between the working medium supply part and the main discharge part.

(4) The induction type plasma accelerator has no electrode structure, does not have the problem of electrode ablation which troubles various electromagnetic thrusters, has excellent long-life running potential and high-power load capacity, does not need additional magnetic field, only has single-stage discharge process, has simple structure, works in a pulse mode, can flexibly adjust average thrust and power by changing pulse frequency, and has better application prospect in the field of space propulsion.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of an inductive plasma accelerator apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an excitation coil assembly of a first exemplary embodiment of an inductive plasma accelerator apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of an inductive plasma accelerator apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an excitation coil assembly of a second exemplary embodiment of an inductive plasma accelerator apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a pulse switch, an energy storage capacitor bank and an excitation coil assembly for exciting an induced pulsed electromagnetic field according to a second embodiment of the inductive plasma accelerator apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of an inductive plasma accelerator apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a pulse switch, an energy storage capacitor bank and a driving coil assembly for exciting an induced pulsed electromagnetic field according to a third embodiment of the inductive plasma accelerator in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an inductive plasma accelerating method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers illustrate: 1-pulse laser component, 11-pulse laser, 21-pulse switch, 22-energy storage capacitor, 3-exciting coil component, 31-coil slot, 4-solid working medium, 5-control component, 61-first control signal, 62-second control signal, 71-bracket, 72-supporting pedestal, 73-tower, 74-supporting spring, 81-first reflector, 82-second reflector, 83-third reflector, 84-lens, 85-reflecting pedestal and 86-annular skirt border

The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.