3D printing polyether-ether-ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute and method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种3d打印聚醚醚酮骨组织共生多孔骨骼替代物及其方法 (3D printing polyether-ether-ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute and method thereof ) 是由 李涤尘 郑纪豹 王玲 于 2019-09-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种3D打印聚醚醚酮骨组织共生多孔骨骼替代物及其方法,包括骨组织共生区,骨组织共生区为骨替代物与周围骨组织接触的三维区域,包括多孔区域和实体区域,骨替代物除骨组织共生区以外的区域为承载强化区。解决了PEEK材料作为骨植入物与骨组织的难以共生和结合的问题,促进了PEEK骨植入物的术后恢复。(The invention discloses a 3D printed polyether-ether-ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute and a method thereof. The problem that the PEEK material is difficult to generate and combine with bone tissue as a bone implant is solved, and the postoperative recovery of the PEEK bone implant is promoted.)
1. The 3D printing polyether-ether-ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute is characterized by comprising a bone tissue symbiotic region (1), wherein the bone tissue symbiotic region (1) is arranged on one side of the bone substitute and is a three-dimensional region where the bone substitute is in contact with surrounding bone tissues, the three-dimensional region comprises a porous region (2) and a solid region (3), and the region, except the bone tissue symbiotic region (1), on the bone substitute is a bearing strengthening region (4).
2. The 3D printed polyetheretherketone bone tissue intergrowth porous bone substitute according to claim 1, characterized in that the pores in the porous region (2) are completely or partially connected with each other, and the pore size, porosity and pore depth of the porous region (2) are constant or gradient in different directions.
3. The 3D printing polyetheretherketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous area (2) has a pore size of 0.1-2 mm and a porosity of 0-80%; the depth of the hole is 0.2-10 mm.
4. The 3D printing polyetheretherketone bone tissue intergrowth porous bone substitute according to claim 1, wherein the bone tissue intergrowth region (1) and the bearing reinforcement region (4) comprise a bone affinity material, a reinforcement material and a polyetheretherketone material, the bone affinity material and the reinforcement material are uniformly distributed or distributed in a gradient manner along different directions, and the bone affinity material and the reinforcement material at the interface position of the bone tissue intergrowth region (1) and the bearing reinforcement region (4) are in a gradient manner.
5. The 3D printing polyetheretherketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute according to claim 4, characterized in that the bone tissue symbiotic zone (1) has a bone affinity material content of 10-60% wt, a reinforcement material content of 0-20% wt; the content of the bone affinity material in the bearing strengthening area (4) is 0-20 wt%, and the content of the strengthening material is 0-40 wt%; the remainder being a polyetheretherketone material.
6. The 3D printed polyetheretherketone bone tissue intergrowth porous bone substitute of claim 4, wherein the bone affinity material comprises a metallic material, a ceramic material, or an inorganic salt material; the reinforcing material includes metal fibers, carbon fibers or synthetic fibers.
7. The 3D printed polyetheretherketone bone tissue intergrowth porous bone substitute according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thickness of the bone tissue intergrowth region (1) is uniformly distributed or gradiently varied according to location, the thickness being 0.1-30 mm.
8. The 3D printed polyetheretherketone bone tissue intergrowth porous bone substitute of claim 1, wherein the bone substitute material is a composite material comprised of one or more of polyetheretherketone, a bone affinity material, and a strengthening material.
9. A method of 3D printing the polyetheretherketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, reconstructing a three-dimensional model of the skeleton of the patient according to the skeleton of the patient or the healthy skeleton at the symmetrical position based on the CT data;
s2, determining a primary geometric model of the bone substitute according to the three-dimensional model of the bone of the affected part;
s3, dividing the bone substitute into a bone tissue symbiotic area and a bearing strengthening area based on the bone substitute preliminary geometric model established in the step S2;
s4, dividing a porous area and an entity area in the bone tissue symbiotic area according to the divided bone tissue symbiotic area;
s5, determining the distribution of the bone affinity material and the strengthening material in the divided bone tissue symbiotic area and the divided bearing strengthening area according to the divided bone tissue symbiotic area and the divided bearing strengthening area;
s6, preparing the porous bone substitute by using a 3D printing mode.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the 3D printing process comprises fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, or a stereolithography process.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical treatment, and particularly relates to a 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute and a method thereof.
Background
For most of bone defect problems caused by tumor resection, congenital malformation and external trauma, the personalized implant can be designed and manufactured only according to the defect characteristics of patients, has the characteristics of 'tailoring and tailoring' aiming at individual patients, is also a main development direction of clinical medicine in the future, and has great market potential. Because the complex structure of the personalized implant needs to be manufactured quickly and accurately, the traditional machining and manufacturing process is difficult to meet the requirement. The 3D printing technology is one of the advanced biological manufacturing technologies widely accepted at home and abroad after years of development, the technology realizes the rapid and efficient preparation of the bone implant and is closer to the clinical requirement, and the complex structure which is difficult to realize by the traditional process can be prepared by the 3D printing mode, thereby realizing the innovation in the technical field of biological design/manufacturing. Titanium alloy material 3D printing technique is one of this field hot direction at present, but metal material's thermal conductivity and electric conductivity are better, can cause the human body to feel the uncomfortable sense that forms because of the difference, and the too high modulus of metal material can cause stress shielding effect simultaneously, has reduced the osteointegrative ability of bone implant, and metal material can produce the artifact in CT detects, is unfavorable for the postoperative inspection, and these limitations have restricted metal 3D and have printed application and development in the biomedical field.
The polyetheretherketone material is a bone graft material approved by the U.S. food and drug administration to market, is a semi-crystalline high-performance polymer material, and is internationally considered to be one of the most promising bone substitute materials for replacing titanium alloy materials in the future. Compared with a metal material, the Young modulus and the density of the PEEK are closer to those of a primary skeleton, the stress shielding effect can be effectively reduced, and the bone loss is prevented; meanwhile, the PEEK material has good chemical inertness and can resist the high temperature of 200 ℃, so that the PEEK material can be repeatedly sterilized at high temperature. However, the pure PEEK material is a strong bioinert material, and the pure PEEK material serving as bone tissue around the bone implant is difficult to integrate with the PEEK material, so that a gap exists between the bone tissue and the PEEK bone implant, and the recovery of a patient is not facilitated. Therefore, the PEEK has the advantages which are not possessed by metal materials as bone implant materials, and simultaneously, the PEEK is combined with a 3D printing technology to well make up the defects of the traditional technology on the manufacturing technology of the personalized bone implant, however, the key problems of biological inertia and the like between bone tissues of the PEEK materials limit the further clinical development of the PEEK bone implant.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a 3D printed polyetheretherketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute and a method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art, solve the problem that PEEK materials are difficult to symbiotic and combine with bone tissues as bone implants, and promote the postoperative recovery of the PEEK bone implants.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A3D printing polyether-ether-ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute comprises a bone tissue symbiotic region, wherein the bone tissue symbiotic region is a three-dimensional region where a bone substitute is in contact with surrounding bone tissues and comprises a porous region and a solid region, and the region of the bone substitute except the bone tissue symbiotic region is a bearing strengthening region.
Specifically, the pores in the porous region are completely or partially communicated, and the pore diameter, the porosity and the pore depth of the porous region are constant or vary in a gradient manner along different directions.
Furthermore, the aperture of the porous area is 0.1-2 mm, and the porosity is 0% -80%; the depth of the hole is 0.2-10 mm.
Specifically, the bone tissue symbiotic area and the bearing strengthening area both comprise bone affinity materials, strengthening materials and polyether-ether-ketone materials, the bone affinity materials and the strengthening materials are uniformly distributed or distributed in a gradient manner along different directions, and the bone affinity materials and the strengthening materials at the interface positions of the bone tissue symbiotic area and the bearing strengthening area are in gradient variation.
Furthermore, the content of the bone affinity material in the bone tissue symbiotic area is 10-60 wt%, and the content of the reinforcing material is 0-20 wt%; the content of the bone affinity material in the bearing strengthening area is 0-20 wt%, and the content of the strengthening material is 0-40 wt%; the remainder being a polyetheretherketone material.
Further, the bone affinity material comprises a metal material, a ceramic material or an inorganic salt material; the reinforcing material includes metal fibers, carbon fibers or synthetic fibers.
Furthermore, the thickness of the bone tissue symbiotic area is uniformly distributed or changes in a gradient mode according to different positions, and the thickness is 0.1-30 mm.
Specifically, the bone substitute material is a composite material formed by one or more of polyether-ether-ketone, a bone affinity material and a reinforcing material.
The other technical scheme of the invention is that the method for 3D printing of the PEEK bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute comprises the following steps:
s1, reconstructing a three-dimensional model of the skeleton of the patient according to the skeleton of the patient or the healthy skeleton at the symmetrical position based on the CT data;
s2, determining a primary geometric model of the bone substitute according to the three-dimensional model of the bone of the affected part;
s3, dividing the bone substitute into a bone tissue symbiotic area and a bearing strengthening area based on the bone substitute preliminary geometric model established in the step S2;
s4, dividing a porous area and an entity area in the bone tissue symbiotic area according to the divided bone tissue symbiotic area;
s5, determining the distribution of the bone affinity material and the strengthening material in the divided bone tissue symbiotic area and the divided bearing strengthening area according to the divided bone tissue symbiotic area and the divided bearing strengthening area;
s6, preparing the porous bone substitute by using a 3D printing mode.
Specifically, the 3D printing process includes fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, or photocuring molding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the 3D printed polyether ether ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute provided by the invention has the advantages that the bone affinity material and the reinforcing material are accurately distributed in a PEEK matrix and are matched with the design of a porous structure, the biological combination of the bone substitute and bone tissue is enhanced, the biological fixation is realized, the bone substitute is divided into a bone tissue symbiotic region and a bearing reinforcing region, the bone tissue symbiotic region has better biocompatibility, the bone substitute and surrounding bone tissue realize good bone ingrowth and bone integration, and the necessary toughness, strength and rigidity of the bone substitute are maintained through the bearing reinforcing region, so that the biological compatibility and the mechanical property of the bone substitute are considered.
Furthermore, the bone tissue symbiotic region is provided with a porous region, and the porous region is arranged to promote the ingrowth of bone tissue around the bone substitute and enhance the bonding strength with the surrounding bone tissue.
Furthermore, the optimal porous structure for promoting the bone tissue to grow in and integrate with the surrounding bone tissue is obtained by adjusting parameters such as the pore diameter, the porosity, the pore depth and the like of the porous region in the bone tissue symbiotic region.
Furthermore, the bone tissue compatibility and the mechanical property of the bone substitute are adjusted through the accurate distribution of the bone affinity material and the strengthening material in the PEEK matrix, so that the bone substitute is close to the natural bone mechanical property, the effective transmission of stress is realized, the stress shielding is slowed down, and the bone loss is prevented
Furthermore, the metal material, the ceramic material and the inorganic salt material in the bone affinity material have better biocompatibility, the metal fiber, the carbon fiber and the synthetic fiber in the reinforced material can obviously enhance the strength of the composite material, and the bone tissue symbiotic region and the bearing reinforced region improve the biocompatibility of the bone substitute and regulate and control the mechanical property through the compounding of the bone affinity material and the reinforced material.
Furthermore, the thickness of the bone tissue symbiotic region is uniformly distributed or changed in a gradient manner according to different positions, and the thickness is 0.1-30 mm, so that the bone substitute has good biocompatibility with surrounding bone tissues, and the mechanical strength of the bone substitute is not influenced.
According to the method for 3D printing of the polyether-ether-ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute, personalized manufacturing of the three-dimensional shape of the bone substitute and distribution of bone affinity materials and reinforcing materials according to needs are achieved through a 3D printing mode, the bone substitute is combined with surrounding bone tissues, necessary mechanical requirements of the bone substitute are met, materials are saved, and manufacturing cost is reduced.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a PEEK-bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the opening of a PEEK-bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion I of FIG. 2;
figure 4 is a schematic representation of a polyetheretherketone-bone tissue symbiotic porous rib bone substitute.
Wherein: 1. a bone tissue symbiotic region; 2. a porous region; 3. a solid area; 4. a load enhancement zone.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a 3D-printed polyetheretherketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute, which comprises a bone tissue
Referring to fig. 3, the pores in the
The content of the bone affinity material in the bone tissue
Wherein the bone affinity material comprises a metal material, a ceramic material or an inorganic salt material; the reinforcing material includes metal fibers, carbon fibers or synthetic fibers.
The bone tissue
The material used by the bone substitute is one or a plurality of composite materials of polyether ether ketone (PEEK), bone affinity material and strengthening material.
The invention discloses a method for 3D printing of a polyether-ether-ketone bone tissue symbiotic porous bone substitute, which comprises the following steps:
s1, reconstructing a three-dimensional model of the skeleton of the patient according to the skeleton of the patient or the healthy skeleton at the symmetrical position based on the CT data;
s2, determining a primary geometric model of the bone substitute according to the three-dimensional model of the bone of the affected part;
based on the established three-dimensional model of the affected part, firstly, a bone model needing to be resected is determined, and then a preliminary geometric model of the bone substitute is determined according to the resected bone model and the connection mode of the bone substitute and the surrounding bone tissues.
S3, dividing the bone substitute into a bone tissue symbiotic area and a bearing strengthening area based on the established bone substitute primary geometric model;
based on the established bone substitute primary geometric model, a three-dimensional region where the bone substitute primary geometric model is connected with surrounding bone tissues is divided into a bone tissue symbiotic region, and a region outside the bone substitute bone tissue symbiotic region is divided into a bearing strengthening region.
S4, dividing a porous area and an entity area in the bone tissue symbiotic area according to the divided bone tissue symbiotic area;
according to the divided bone tissue symbiotic region, the region in the bone tissue symbiotic region, which is in direct contact with the surrounding bone tissue, is divided into a porous region, and the region in the bone tissue symbiotic region except the porous region is divided into a solid region
S5, determining the distribution of the bone affinity material and the strengthening material in the divided bone tissue symbiotic area and the divided bearing strengthening area according to the divided bone tissue symbiotic area and the divided bearing strengthening area;
determining the distribution of the bone affinity material and the strengthening material in the bone tissue symbiotic area according to the combination requirement and the mechanical requirement of the bone tissue symbiotic area and the surrounding bone tissue, and determining the distribution of the bone affinity material and the strengthening material in the bearing strengthening area according to the requirements of toughness, strength, rigidity and the like of the bearing strengthening area.
S6, preparing the porous bone substitute by using a 3D printing mode.
The 3D printing process comprises fused deposition forming, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting or photocuring forming and the like.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Take the example of building the PEEK-bone tissue symbiotic porous rib bone substitute as an example
In the process of constructing the rib substitute, three-dimensional data of a diseased rib part of a patient needs to be acquired, and three-dimensional model data of the diseased rib part is acquired through CT or MRI;
the rib, the surrounding bone tissues and the soft tissue structures are reconstructed by using relevant software based on the obtained three-dimensional model data, if the rib of the affected part can not be reconstructed due to serious defect, a rib three-dimensional model can be extracted according to the healthy bone at the opposite side, the specific resection position of the affected part of the rib is determined according to the guidance of a doctor, and the specific primary model of the rib substitute is determined according to the function and strength requirements of the rib substitute;
checking the strength of the rib bone substitute through finite element analysis software, dividing a bone tissue symbiotic region and a bearing strengthening region of the rib bone substitute according to the distribution condition of the rib bone substitute and the surrounding bone tissues and the symbiotic requirement of the rib bone substitute bone tissues, wherein as shown in fig. 4, two ends of the rib bone substitute are required to be connected with natural bone tissues, so that the rib bone substitute has better binding capacity with the bone tissues, and two sides of the rib bone substitute are divided into the bone tissue symbiotic region;
dividing the bone tissue symbiotic region into a solid region and a porous region, wherein the porous region is a porous structure with uniformly distributed hydroxyapatite content of 40 wt%, the pore diameter is 1mm, the depth of the porous region is 3mm, and the solid region is a solid structure with hydroxyapatite content of 40 wt%;
the region outside the bone tissue symbiotic region of the bone substitute is divided into a bearing strengthening region, and in order to ensure that the rib substitute has better toughness, the bearing region adopts a solid structure made of pure PEEK material;
the three-dimensional model of the designed rib bone substitute is prepared in a fused deposition mode, and the surgical transplantation of rib femoral substitution is carried out by a doctor after printing.
The polyether-ether-ketone-bone tissue symbiotic porous rib bone substitute is prepared in a 3D printing mode, the bone tissue symbiotic region of the bone substitute is distributed through a hydroxyapatite material and a porous structure, the binding capacity with surrounding bone tissues is improved, a pure PEEK material is used in a bearing strengthening region, the necessary toughness of the rib bone substitute is guaranteed, personalized customization of the bone substitute is achieved, and meanwhile the requirements of biocompatibility and mechanical property of the bone substitute are met.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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