阅读说明：本技术 一种可重复锁解的多级气动伸缩机构 (Multistage pneumatic telescopic machanism that can repeatedly lock and separate ) 是由 崔琦峰 罗海军 王栋梁 周遇仁 李军 张晓东 王振剑 李红 宋佳 孙世超 姜强 于 2019-10-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种可重复锁解的多级气动伸缩机构。使用本发明能够为多级气动伸缩机构提供良好的锁定功能,并能进行有序解锁以实现缸筒的收拢功能。本发明包括多级缸筒、筒内锁、密封件、支撑环以及进气嘴等,将薄壁圆筒与楔形锁相结合,具备大承载能力和快速响应特点,能够在高压气体作用下高速伸出并保持锁定。在锁定状态下,从解锁进气嘴通入一定压力气体能够实现筒内锁的自动解锁功能。本发明可维修性高,易损易耗件更换方便,具备可重复锁定承载及解锁收拢功能,可靠性高,可用于具有大承载能力需求的可重复使用运载器或航天器的地面着陆支腿。(The invention discloses a multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism capable of being locked and unlocked repeatedly. The multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism can provide a good locking function for the multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism, and can be unlocked orderly to realize the folding function of the cylinder barrel. The invention comprises a multi-stage cylinder barrel, a barrel inner lock, a sealing piece, a support ring, an air inlet nozzle and the like, combines a thin-wall cylinder with a wedge-shaped lock, has the characteristics of large bearing capacity and quick response, and can extend out at a high speed and keep locking under the action of high-pressure gas. Under the locking state, certain pressure gas is introduced from the unlocking gas inlet nozzle to realize the automatic unlocking function of the cylinder inner lock. The landing leg has high maintainability, is convenient to replace easily-damaged and consumable parts, has the functions of repeated locking, bearing, unlocking and folding, has high reliability, and can be used as a ground landing leg of a reusable carrier or spacecraft with large bearing capacity.)

1. A multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism capable of being locked and unlocked repeatedly is characterized by comprising a bottom end cover (1), a top end cover (9), a multi-stage cylinder barrel, a cylinder inner lock and an air inlet nozzle;

the multistage cylinder barrel comprises a plurality of cylinders with different diameters and is of a coaxial nested structure, wherein each stage of cylinder barrel respectively slides in the adjacent outer cylinder barrel along the axial direction;

the air inlet nozzle is divided into an unfolding air inlet nozzle and an unlocking air inlet nozzle, the unfolding air inlet nozzle is arranged on the bottom end cover (1), and the unlocking air inlet nozzle is arranged on the top end cover (9); the cylinder inner lock is arranged between adjacent cylinder barrels of the multi-stage cylinder barrels and is provided with a wedge-shaped block locking assembly capable of automatically locking under the elastic acting force;

gas is introduced from the unfolding gas inlet nozzle, and the multi-stage cylinder barrel extends out and is locked in place under the action of air pressure; the multistage cylinder barrel is in a locking state, gas is introduced from the unlocking air inlet nozzle, the cylinder inner lock is automatically unlocked, and the multistage cylinder barrel is contracted.

2. The multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the cylinder inner lock comprises a lock cylinder (12), a wedge block (13), a slide block (14), a piston (15), a locking spring (16), a support ring (10) and an unlocking ring (17); the lock cylinder (12) is a stepped cylinder, the support ring (10) is arranged on the inner wall of the small end of the lock cylinder (12), and the inner wall of the large end of the lock cylinder (12) is provided with a wedge-shaped block clamping groove; the unlocking ring (17) and the piston (15) are arranged at the end part of the cylinder barrel, the locking spring (16) and the sliding block (14) are sleeved on a central cylinder of the unlocking ring (17), the central cylinder of the unlocking ring (17) extends into the piston (15), and the sliding block (14) is limited by a flanging structure at the end part of the central cylinder of the unlocking ring (17); one end of a piston (15) is circumferentially provided with a plurality of wedge block mounting holes, wedge blocks (13) are mounted in the wedge block mounting holes, a sliding block (14) moves along the inner wall of the piston (15) under the action of an upper locking spring (16), the piston (15) is mounted in the large end of a lock cylinder (12), the small end of the lock cylinder (12) is connected with the end part of a next-stage cylinder barrel, and a support ring (10) slides along the outer wall of the next-stage cylinder barrel; under the pushing of the sliding block (14), the wedge-shaped block (13) is clamped into the wedge-shaped block clamping groove on the inner wall of the lock cylinder (12) to realize locking.

3. The multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the locking spring (16) is held in contact with the slider (14) in a compressed state.

4. A relockable, multi-stage pneumatic retraction mechanism as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the wedge-shaped block (13) is an arc-shaped block, the section of the wedge-shaped block is trapezoidal, and the wedge-shaped block is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the piston (15).

5. The relockable, multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of claim 4, wherein: the cylinder inner lock also comprises a sealing element (11), and the sealing element (11) is arranged on the inner wall of the small end of the lock cylinder (12) to prevent air leakage.

6. The relockable, multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of claim 5, wherein: a sealing ring is arranged between the unlocking ring (17) and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel.

7. The relockable, multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of claim 6, wherein: the air inlet nozzle is unfolded to introduce air, the piston (15) is pushed to move along the cylinder barrel, after the end part of the piston (15) enters the lock barrel (12), the locking spring (16) in a compressed state pushes the sliding block (14) to move, the sliding block (14) pushes the wedge block (13) out of the wedge block mounting hole and clamps the wedge block into the wedge block clamping groove of the lock barrel (12), and locking is achieved.

8. The relockable, multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of claim 7, wherein: the air inlet nozzle is unlocked to introduce air, the sliding block (14) is pushed to release the wedge-shaped block (13), and locking is released, so that the piston (15) moves in the cylinder barrel, and the contraction of the multi-stage cylinder barrel is realized.

9. A relockable, multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism as in claim 3, wherein: the number of the wedge blocks (13) is 6 or 12.

10. The multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the cylinder barrel is made of stainless steel.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of machinery, and relates to a multistage pneumatic telescopic mechanism.

Background

The reuse technology is considered as an important means for reducing space transportation cost, and is also an effective way for improving the capacity of quick response space. At present, a great deal of research is carried out on the technology of repeatedly using the carrier in countries such as the united states, europe, russia, japan, india and the like, wherein the influence is large that the united states SpaceX company and blue origin company realize the recovery and utilization of rocket bodies through the ground landing of one sub-stage of rocket.

The deployable landing leg type landing mode is wider in the aspect of soft landing application of the carrier or the landing device, and with the increasing urgent demands on the heaviness and economy of the carrier or the landing device, the landing leg has higher and higher requirements on large bearing performance, reusability and reliability. The traditional landing leg usually has the defects of complex structure and incapability of automatically unlocking, and has limited bearing capacity and poor reusability.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a multi-stage telescopic mechanism with repeated locking and unlocking functions, rapid unfolding and locking, large bearing capacity and high reliability.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism capable of being locked and unlocked repeatedly comprises a bottom end cover, a top end cover, a multi-stage cylinder barrel, a cylinder inner lock and an air inlet nozzle;

the multistage cylinder barrel comprises a plurality of cylinders with different diameters and is of a coaxial nested structure, wherein each stage of cylinder barrel respectively slides in the adjacent outer cylinder barrel along the axial direction;

the air inlet nozzle is divided into an unfolding air inlet nozzle and an unlocking air inlet nozzle, wherein the unfolding air inlet nozzle is arranged on the bottom end cover, and the unlocking air inlet nozzle is arranged on the top end cover; the cylinder inner lock is arranged between adjacent cylinder barrels of the multi-stage cylinder barrels and is provided with a wedge-shaped block locking assembly capable of automatically locking under the elastic acting force;

gas is introduced from the unfolding gas inlet nozzle, and the multi-stage cylinder barrel extends out and is locked in place under the action of air pressure; the multistage cylinder barrel is in a locking state, gas is introduced from the unlocking air inlet nozzle, the cylinder inner lock is automatically unlocked, and the multistage cylinder barrel is contracted.

The cylinder inner lock comprises a lock cylinder, a wedge-shaped block, a sliding block, a piston, a locking spring, a support ring and an unlocking ring; the lock cylinder is a step-shaped cylinder, the support ring is arranged on the inner wall of the small end of the lock cylinder, and the inner wall of the large end of the lock cylinder is provided with a wedge-shaped block clamping groove; the unlocking ring and the piston are arranged at the end part of the cylinder barrel, the locking spring and the sliding block are sleeved on a central cylinder of the unlocking ring, the central cylinder of the unlocking ring extends into the piston, and the sliding block is limited by a flanging structure at the end part of the central cylinder of the unlocking ring; one end of the piston is circumferentially provided with a plurality of wedge block mounting holes, the wedge blocks are mounted in the wedge block mounting holes, the sliding block moves along the inner wall of the piston under the action of the locking spring, the piston is mounted in the large end of the lock cylinder, the small end of the lock cylinder is connected with the end part of the next-stage cylinder, and the support ring slides along the outer wall of the next-stage cylinder; under the pushing of the sliding block, the wedge-shaped block is clamped into the wedge-shaped block clamping groove on the inner wall of the lock cylinder, and locking is achieved.

The locking spring is held in contact with the slider in a compressed state.

The wedge-shaped block is an arc-shaped block, the cross section of the wedge-shaped block is trapezoidal, and the wedge-shaped block is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the piston.

The cylinder inner lock also comprises a sealing element which is arranged on the inner wall of the small end of the lock cylinder to prevent air leakage.

And a sealing ring is arranged between the unlocking ring and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel.

The air inlet nozzle is unfolded to introduce air, the piston is pushed to move along the cylinder barrel, after the end part of the piston enters the lock barrel, the locking spring in a compressed state pushes the sliding block to move, the sliding block ejects the wedge block from the wedge block mounting hole and clamps the wedge block into the wedge block clamping groove of the lock barrel, and locking is achieved.

The unlocking air inlet nozzle is filled with air, the sliding block is pushed to release the wedge block, and locking is released, so that the piston moves in the cylinder barrel, and contraction of the multi-stage cylinder barrel is realized.

The number of wedge blocks is 6 or 12.

The cylinder barrel is made of stainless steel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention adopts pneumatic pressure as a driving source, has higher unfolding speed and can realize the function of orderly and gradually unfolding or folding;

(2) the wedge-shaped block is used as a lock core structure of the cylinder inner lock, and the cylinder inner lock has the characteristics of compact layout and high bearing capacity; the invention can provide a good locking function for the multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism and can carry out orderly unlocking to realize the folding function of the cylinder barrel.

(3) The landing leg has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly and disassembly, good maintainability, repeated use for many times, large bearing capacity, long stroke and quick unfolding, and is used for the ground landing leg of a repeatedly-usable carrier or spacecraft.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a structural cross-sectional view of the repeatedly lockable multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of the present invention in an expanded locked state;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the repeatedly lockable multi-stage pneumatic telescoping mechanism of the present invention in a collapsed configuration;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the lock cylinder of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wedge of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the piston of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:

the cylinder lock comprises a bottom end cover 1, a first-stage cylinder barrel 2, a first-stage cylinder barrel 3, a second-stage cylinder barrel 4, a second-stage cylinder barrel 5, a third-stage cylinder barrel 6, a third-stage cylinder barrel 7, a fourth-stage cylinder barrel 8, a top end cover 9, a support ring 10, a seal ring 11, a lock barrel 12, a wedge block 13, a sliding block 14, a piston 15, a locking spring 16 and an unlocking ring 17.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism capable of being repeatedly locked and unlocked comprises a bottom end cover 1, a top end cover 9, a multi-stage cylinder barrel, a barrel inner lock and an air inlet nozzle. The cylinder inner lock comprises a lock cylinder 12, a wedge block 13, a sliding block 14, a piston 15, a locking spring 16, a sealing piece 11, a supporting ring 10 and an unlocking ring 17.

The multi-stage cylinder barrel is a coaxial barrel structure formed by mutually nesting a series of thin-wall cylinders with different diameters, and each stage of cylinder barrel can respectively slide in the adjacent outer cylinder barrel along the axial direction.

The air inlet nozzle is divided into an expansion air inlet nozzle and an unlocking air inlet nozzle which are respectively arranged on the two end covers of the multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism. High-pressure gas is introduced from the unfolding gas inlet nozzle to generate outward thrust on the unlocking ring 17 at the bottom of each stage of cylinder barrel, and the unlocking ring 17 pushes the cylinder barrel and the cylinder inner lock to extend outwards and lock in place; when the multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism is in a locked state, certain pressure gas is introduced from the unlocking gas inlet nozzle, and the gas thrust overcomes the elastic force of the locking spring 16 to enable the sliding block 14 to leave the locked position, so that the automatic unlocking function of the cylinder inner lock can be realized.

The cylinder inner lock is arranged between adjacent cylinder barrels of the multi-stage cylinder barrels and is a wedge block locking assembly capable of automatically locking under the action of elastic force, and wedge blocks 13 are embedded between a lock cylinder 12 and a piston 15 of the cylinder inner lock and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction to serve as lock cylinders to achieve the in-place locking function of the multi-stage cylinder barrels.

The cylinder inner lock comprises a lock cylinder 12, a wedge block 13, a sliding block 14, a piston 15, a locking spring 16, a support ring 10, an unlocking ring 17 and a sealing element 11; as shown in fig. 3, the lock cylinder 12 is a stepped cylinder, the support ring 10 and the sealing element 11 are mounted on the inner wall of the small end of the lock cylinder 12, and the inner wall of the large end of the lock cylinder 12 is provided with a wedge-shaped block slot; the unlocking ring 17 and the piston 15 are arranged at the end part of the cylinder barrel, the locking spring 16 and the sliding block 14 are sleeved on a central cylinder of the unlocking ring 17, and the central cylinder of the unlocking ring 17 extends into the piston 15; as shown in fig. 5, one end of the piston 15 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of wedge block mounting holes, the wedge blocks 13 are mounted in the wedge block mounting holes, the slider 14 moves along the inner wall of the piston 15 under the action of the upper locking spring 16, the piston 15 is mounted in the large end of the lock cylinder 12, the small end of the lock cylinder 12 is connected with the end part of the next-stage cylinder, and the support ring 10 slides along the outer wall of the next-stage cylinder; under the pushing of the sliding block 14, the wedge-shaped block 13 is clamped into the wedge-shaped block clamping groove on the inner wall of the lock cylinder 12, so that locking is realized. As shown in fig. 4, the wedge block 13 is an arc block with a trapezoidal cross section and is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the piston 15. And a sealing ring is arranged between the unlocking ring 17 and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel.

The air inlet nozzle is unfolded to introduce air, the piston 15 is pushed to move along the cylinder barrel, after the end part of the piston 15 enters the lock barrel 12, the locking spring 16 in a compressed state pushes the sliding block 14 to move, and the sliding block 14 ejects the wedge block 13 from the wedge block mounting hole and clamps the wedge block into the wedge block clamping groove of the lock barrel 12 to realize locking.

The unlocking air inlet nozzle is filled with air, the sliding block 14 is pushed to release the wedge block 13, locking is released, the piston 15 moves in the cylinder barrel, and contraction of the multi-stage cylinder barrel is achieved.

The sealing element 11 and the supporting ring 10 are arranged at the port of the lock cylinder 12, so that the air tightness requirement of the multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism in the telescopic process is ensured, and the multi-stage cylinder barrel is radially supported to meet the coaxiality requirement of the multi-stage cylinder barrel.

The multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism is used for introducing gas from the unfolding gas inlet nozzle, so that the multi-stage cylinder barrel can stretch out to realize the step-by-step unfolding function of the multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism; and gas is introduced from the unlocking gas inlet nozzle, so that the cylinder inner lock can be unlocked, and the function of gradually unlocking the multi-stage pneumatic telescopic mechanism is realized under the matching of the unlocking ring.

The number and the length of the multi-stage cylinder barrels can be adjusted adaptively according to the use requirements.

The number of the wedge blocks of the cylinder inner lock can be reasonably determined according to the layout space of the multistage cylinder barrel and the bearing requirements of the multistage pneumatic telescopic mechanism.