阅读说明：本技术 一种鸡粪发酵肥料及其制备方法 (Chicken manure fermented fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王逊 唐燕飞 韦宗海 苏立燧 韦崟崟 于 2019-10-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及肥料加工领域,具体公开了一种鸡粪发酵肥料及其制备方法。本发明的鸡粪发酵肥料由发酵菌Ⅰ、发酵菌Ⅱ、木糠、糖蜜、沸石粉和鸡粪发酵而成。鸡粪发酵肥料的制备方法包括以下步骤：糖蜜发酵活化得到糖蜜活化溶液,在发酵罐中混料,然后结合两种复合菌类分两阶段发酵,发酵得到的鸡粪发酵肥料有机质含量高,含有多种植物生长所需营养元素,对环境无污染。整个发酵时间短,工艺简单,设备操作方便,可重复使用,有利于鸡粪的持续性处理和工业化生产肥料。(The invention relates to the field of fertilizer processing, and particularly discloses a chicken manure fermented fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The chicken manure fermented fertilizer is prepared by fermenting zymocyte I, zymocyte II, sawdust, molasses, zeolite powder and chicken manure. The preparation method of the chicken manure fermented fertilizer comprises the following steps: the molasses is fermented and activated to obtain molasses activating solution, the molasses activating solution is mixed in a fermentation tank, then two-stage fermentation is carried out by combining two kinds of compound bacteria, the chicken manure fermented fertilizer obtained by fermentation is high in organic matter content, contains various nutrient elements required by plant growth, and is free of pollution to the environment. The whole fermentation time is short, the process is simple, the equipment operation is convenient, the device can be repeatedly used, and the continuous treatment of the chicken manure and the industrial production of the fertilizer are facilitated.)

1. The chicken manure fermented fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by fermenting the following raw materials, by weight, 0.2 ~ 0.5.5 parts of zymocyte I, 0.1 ~ 0.2.2 parts of zymocyte II, 100 ~ 200 parts of sawdust, 5 ~ 8 parts of molasses, 2 ~ 4 parts of zeolite powder and 800 ~ 900 parts of chicken manure.

2. The chicken manure fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, which is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of zymocyte I, 0.1 part of zymocyte II, 149.8 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of molasses, 2 parts of zeolite powder and 850 parts of chicken manure with the water content of less than 65 percent.

3. The chicken manure fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, which is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4 part of zymocyte I, 0.2 part of zymocyte II, 199.6 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of molasses, 2 parts of zeolite powder and 800 parts of chicken manure with the water content of more than 65 percent.

4. The chicken manure fermented fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation bacteria I comprise the following strains, by weight, 5 ~ 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 ~ 5 parts of actinomycetes, 4 ~ 8 parts of thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and 2 ~ 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, and the fermentation bacteria II comprise the following strains, by weight, 2 ~ 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 ~ 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 ~ 3 parts of saccharomycetes and 1 ~ 2 parts of aspergillus oryzae.

5. The preparation method of the chicken manure fermented fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1 ~ 4, comprising the following steps:

(1) fermenting and activating molasses, namely diluting the molasses with deionized water to obtain a solution with the concentration of 20 ~ 25%, adding calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, uniformly stirring, adding saccharomyces cerevisiae, and activating at the temperature of 30 ℃ and ~ 35 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a molasses activated solution, wherein the molasses activated solution is divided into 2 parts;

(2) mixing, namely putting fermentation tubes I, sawdust, zeolite, 1 part of molasses activating solution and chicken manure into a vertical fermentation tank, stirring and mixing, and adjusting the water content to 45 ~ 50%;

(3) first stage fermentation, controlling the temperature at ~ 60 deg.C to perform fermentation at 50 deg.C, introducing air every 5h during fermentation, stirring for 5 ~ 10min, and fermenting for 20 ~ 24 h;

(4) a second stage of fermentation, namely uniformly mixing the zymophyte II and the rest 1 part of molasses activated solution, adding the mixture into the material fermented in the step (3), uniformly stirring, performing second stage fermentation at the temperature of 28 ℃ and ~ 35 ℃, introducing air every 5 hours during the fermentation period, stirring for 5 ~ 10min, and fermenting for 20 ~ 24 hours to obtain a fermented material;

(5) and (4) drying and granulating the fermented material obtained in the step (4) to obtain the fertilizer.

6. The method for preparing chicken manure fermented fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the calcium superphosphate, the ammonium sulfate and the magnesium sulfate are respectively used in an amount of 0.2 ~ 0.24%, 0.12 ~ 0.15.15% and 0.01 ~ 0.03.03% of the weight of molasses, and the saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in an amount of 0.025 ~ 0.03.03% of the weight of molasses.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer processing, and particularly relates to a chicken manure fermented fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the scaling and intensification of the chicken industry, pollution of wastes generated in chicken farms is on an increasingly severe trend. According to investigation, in a chicken farm for producing ten thousand layers a year, the daily quantity of the chicken manure is high, and the poultry is fed intensively and is wet in the house; if the chicken manure cannot be treated properly in time, the environment of a chicken farm is seriously polluted, the growth and the laying rate of chickens are directly influenced, the environment pollution is caused, and the resource waste is also caused. At present, the conventional treatment method of the chicken manure mainly comprises three methods, namely direct returning of the chicken manure to the field, returning of the dried chicken manure to the field and fertilizer fermentation of the chicken manure, wherein the direct returning of the chicken manure to the field and the returning of the dried chicken manure can seriously pollute the environment, and the chicken manure contains a large amount of harmful bacteria and urokinase, can influence the growth of crops and can greatly cause crop seedling burning; according to the traditional method for fermenting the fertilizer by using the chicken manure, the fertilizer is obtained by naturally stacking and fermenting for 5-6 months, the fermentation time is long, more nutrient loss is caused, the utilization value is not high, the composting quality is unstable, and odor is emitted to pollute the environment.

The fertilizer is obtained by treating the chicken manure by adopting a microbial fermentation method, so that the fermentation process can be accelerated, the fermentation time is shortened, the waste is prevented, the nutritive value of the chicken manure is improved, the temperature generated by fermentation can be used for killing insects and pests, the energy consumption is saved, the popularization is easy, and more attention is paid to people. At present, the production process of obtaining the fertilizer by treating the chicken manure through microbial fermentation still has the defects of relatively complex production process, relatively long fermentation time, relatively low fertilizer utilization level and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a chicken manure fermented fertilizer and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a chicken manure fermented fertilizer which is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-0.5 part of zymocyte I, 0.1-0.2 part of zymocyte II, 100-200 parts of sawdust, 5-8 parts of molasses, 2-4 parts of zeolite powder and 800-900 parts of chicken manure.

Preferably, in the technical scheme, the chicken manure fermented fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of zymocyte I, 0.1 part of zymocyte II, 149.8 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of molasses, 2 parts of zeolite powder and 850 parts of chicken manure with the water content of less than 65 percent.

Preferably, in the technical scheme, the chicken manure fermented fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4 part of zymocyte I, 0.2 part of zymocyte II, 199.6 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of molasses, 2 parts of zeolite powder and 800 parts of chicken manure with the water content of more than 65 percent.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the zymocyte i is composed of the following strains in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-5 parts of actinomycetes, 4-8 parts of thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and 2-4 parts of bacillus licheniformis; the zymocyte II consists of the following strains in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-3 parts of saccharomycetes and 1-2 parts of aspergillus oryzae.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the chicken manure fermented fertilizer, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) fermentation and activation of molasses: diluting molasses with deionized water to obtain a solution with the concentration of 20-25%, adding calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and uniformly stirring; adding saccharomyces cerevisiae, and activating for 24 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain molasses activating solution, wherein the molasses activating solution is divided into 2 parts;

(2) premixing: putting fermentation bacteria I, sawdust and zeolite, wherein 1 part of molasses activating solution and chicken manure are put into a vertical fermentation tank to be stirred for premixing, and adjusting the water content to 45-50%;

(3) fermentation in the first stage: controlling the temperature to be 50-60 ℃ for fermentation, introducing air every 5 hours during fermentation, stirring for 5-10 min, and fermenting for 20-24 hours;

(4) and (3) second-stage fermentation: uniformly mixing the zymophyte II and the rest 1 part of molasses activated solution, adding the mixture into the material fermented in the step (3), uniformly stirring, performing second-stage fermentation at the temperature of 28-35 ℃, introducing air every 5 hours during fermentation, stirring for 5-10 min, and fermenting for 20-24 hours to obtain a fermented material;

(5) and (4) drying and granulating the fermented material obtained in the step (4) to obtain the fertilizer.

Preferably, in the step (1), the dosages of the calcium superphosphate, the ammonium sulfate and the magnesium sulfate are respectively 0.2-0.24%, 0.12-0.15% and 0.01-0.03% of the weight of the molasses, and the dosage of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 0.025-0.03% of the weight of the molasses. The calcium superphosphate, the ammonium sulfate and the magnesium sulfate are added to provide a phosphorus source, a nitrogen source and a magnesium salt for fermentation and activation of the molasses, so that the growth and the propagation of yeast are promoted, and the fermentation and the activation of the molasses are facilitated. If the molasses is directly added in the chicken manure fermentation process, the molasses is not easy to disperse uniformly, the main component of the molasses is carbohydrate, and the molasses only serves as a carbon source for microorganisms. The molasses activating solution obtained by fermenting and activating the molasses is easy to disperse, is rich in various amino acids, trace elements, enzymes and vitamins and other nutrient components, provides various nutrient substances for microbial fermentation flora, promotes fungus reproduction, shortens fermentation time, and completely improves fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer by fermenting chicken manure.

The first stage of fermentation, under the high temperature state, the compound strains are mutually coordinated and matched, so that harmful germs, parasitic ova and weed seeds in the chicken manure are efficiently killed, and protein, cellulose and macromolecular organic matters in the chicken manure are preliminarily degraded, so that the materials are decomposed; and in the second stage of fermentation, beneficial bacteria are massively propagated, the strain metabolite produced in the beneficial bacteria propagation process further promotes the decomposition and conversion of organic matters, so that the materials are further decomposed, and lactic acid bacteria are added in the later stage of fermentation to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the chicken manure fermented fertilizer provided by the invention has high organic matter content, contains various nutrient elements required by plant growth, and has no pollution to the environment.

2. According to the invention, zeolite and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are combined to prevent the generation of ammonia gas, so that the fermentation of chicken manure is cleaner, the loss of nitrogen in the fermentation process of chicken manure can be reduced, and the fertilizer efficiency of the fermented fertilizer is improved.

3. The fermentation of the chicken manure is carried out in a vertical fermentation tank which can be stirred and heated, and by adjusting the fermentation temperature and the oxygen content and adding the molasses activating solution, the strain propagation is accelerated, the strain is promoted to rapidly convert and degrade substances in the chicken manure, and the fermentation time of the chicken manure is shortened. The fermentation process is simple, the equipment is convenient to operate, and the fermentation process can be repeatedly used, and is beneficial to continuous treatment of chicken manure and industrial production of fertilizers.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.