阅读说明：本技术 一种猴头菇孢子粉破壁工艺 (Hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process ) 是由 肖志勇 方丽金 郑秋芳 叶艳鹏 于 2019-11-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于猴头菇加工技术领域,具体涉及一种猴头菇孢子粉破壁工艺,包括如下步骤：S-1.向孢子粉中加入前处理液,搅拌均匀,在温度为28℃~42℃下保温45min以上,得到前处理物；所述前处理液为水和甘油的混合物；S-2.所述前处理物在超低温条件下处理1.2~2h,之后在温度为72℃~100℃下中热激45-60min,得到初级处理物；S-3.对初级处理物进行梯度烘干、粉碎,得到破壁猴头菇孢子粉。本发明对猴头菇孢子粉的破壁率可到达90%以上,对工艺、设备要求低,适于大规模工业化生产。(The invention belongs to the technical field of hericium erinaceus processing, and particularly relates to a hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process which comprises the following steps of S-1, adding a pretreatment liquid into spore powder, uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃ and ~ 42 ℃ for more than 45min to obtain a pretreatment liquid, wherein the pretreatment liquid is a mixture of water and glycerol, S-2, treating the pretreatment liquid for 1.2 ~ 2h at ultralow temperature, thermally exciting the pretreatment liquid for 45-60min at 72 ℃ and ~ 100 ℃ to obtain a primary treatment substance, and S-3, performing gradient drying and crushing on the primary treatment substance to obtain hericium erinaceus spore powder.)

1. A hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s-1, adding a pretreatment liquid into spore powder, uniformly stirring, and keeping the temperature at ~ 42 ℃ for more than 45min to obtain a pretreatment substance, wherein the pretreatment liquid is a mixture of water and glycerol;

s-2, treating the pretreatment substance for 1.2 ~ 2 hours at ultralow temperature, and then thermally exciting for 45-60min at 72 ℃ of ~ 100 ℃ to obtain a primary treatment substance;

and S-3, performing gradient drying and crushing on the primary treatment substance to obtain wall-broken hericium erinaceus spore powder.

2. The hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of water to glycerol in the pretreatment liquid is 1: 3.5-6.8.

3. The hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S-1, the addition amount of the spore powder is 280-320g per liter of pretreatment liquid.

4. The process for breaking the wall of the spore powder of Hericium erinaceus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gradient drying is performed at a first temperature of 112-.

5. The hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process according to claim 4, wherein the temperature difference between the first temperature, the second temperature and the third temperature of the gradient drying is not more than 40 ℃.

6. The hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process according to claim 1, wherein the step S-3 is repeated for 2-3 times.

7. The hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process according to claim 1, characterized in that a wall breaking enzyme is further added into the pretreatment liquid.

8. The hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process according to claim 7, wherein the wall breaking enzyme is at least one selected from chitinase and cellulase.

9. The hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing mode adopts high-pressure homogeneous crushing.

10. The process for breaking the wall of the spore powder of Hericium erinaceus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the pressure for the high-pressure homogeneous pulverization is 135-145 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hericium erinaceus processing, and particularly relates to a hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process.

Background

Hericium erinaceus is neutral in nature and sweet in taste, and has the effects of benefiting the five internal organs, promoting digestion, nourishing the body and the like. Since the 70 s in the 20 th century, the modern medicine successively proves that the hericium erinaceus has good medicinal value, and clinical application shows that the hericium erinaceus can treat diseases such as dyspepsia, gastric ulcer, antral gastritis, stomachache, gastrectasia, neurasthenia and the like. In clinical application, the hericium erinaceus is adopted for treatment, and the traditional Chinese medicine has a remarkable and ideal curative effect on mild or severe neurasthenia. The hericium erinaceus also has the effects of stimulating appetite, enhancing the barrier function of gastric mucosa, improving the lymphocyte conversion rate, increasing white blood cells and the like. Therefore, the immunity of the human body to diseases can be improved. In addition, the hericium erinaceus is a good nourishing food and has good curative effects on neurasthenia and digestive tract ulcer. In recent years, anticancer drugs have been screened for skin and muscle cancer. Therefore, if the hericium erinaceus is eaten frequently, the disease resistance can be enhanced if the hericium erinaceus is not ill, and the hericium erinaceus can treat diseases if the hericium erinaceus is ill.

The hericium erinaceus spore powder is a powder which is ejected when the hericium erinaceus grows to be mature, belongs to sexual spores and is similar to plant pollen, has the same nutritional ingredients as the hericium erinaceus, has no inferior effect on preventing and treating diseases compared with hericium erinaceus sporocarp or hericium erinaceus mycelium, but is not fully utilized at present. And most of the spore powder is directly used, so that the utilization rate of effective nutrient components is low.

Chinese invention patent with patent publication No. CN106993801A discloses a method for preparing wall-broken Hericium erinaceus spore powder in 2017, 8 month and 1 day, which comprises breaking the wall of Hericium erinaceus spore powder by low-temperature vacuum and mechanical crushing. The utilization efficiency of the hericium erinaceus spore powder can be improved to a certain degree, but the highest breakage rate can only reach 56%.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defect of poor wall-breaking effect on hericium erinaceus spore powder in the prior art, and provides a hericium erinaceus spore powder wall-breaking process, wherein the wall-breaking rate is controlled to be more than 90%.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a hericium erinaceus spore powder wall breaking process comprises the following steps:

s-1, adding a pretreatment liquid into spore powder, uniformly stirring, and keeping the temperature at ~ 42 ℃ for more than 45min to obtain a pretreatment substance, wherein the pretreatment liquid is a mixture of water and glycerol;

s-2, treating the pretreatment substance for 1.2 ~ 2 hours at ultralow temperature, and then thermally exciting for 45-60min at 72 ℃ of ~ 100 ℃ to obtain a primary treatment substance;

and S-3, performing gradient drying and crushing on the primary treatment substance to obtain wall-broken hericium erinaceus spore powder.

Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the characteristics that the coefficient of heat conductivity of hericium erinaceus spore wall is extremely low, heat transfer is slow carry out freezing, heat shock alternative processing with hericium erinaceus spore powder in the liquid nitrogen of ordinary pressure, increase the fragility of spore wall earlier, and the temperature difference inside and outside the rethread wall produces thermal stress and leads to broken wall phenomenon to take place.

The mixture of water and glycerin forms water-in-oil micelles, the pretreatment liquid enters the inner wall of the spore, water is iced under the ultralow temperature condition, the water-in-oil micelles cannot be iced, the pretreatment liquid is in a semi-icing state, and the wall breaking is easier within a controlled time when the step S-2 is carried out.

Preferably, the volume ratio of water to glycerin in the pretreatment liquid is 1: 3.5-6.8. The volume ratio of water to glycerin determines the effect of the pretreatment liquid, and the treatment effect of freezing and heat shock is poor due to too little or too much glycerin.

Preferably, in step S-1, the amount of spore powder added is 280-320g per liter of pretreatment liquid.

Preferably, step S-3 is repeated 2-3 times.

Preferably, a wall-breaking enzyme is further added to the pretreatment liquid.

Preferably, the wall-breaking enzyme is at least one selected from chitinase and cellulase.

Preferably, the gradient drying is to perform the treatment at a first temperature, a second temperature and a third temperature in sequence, wherein the first temperature is 112-.

Preferably, the temperature difference among the first temperature, the second temperature and the third temperature of the gradient drying is not more than 40 ℃.

Preferably, the pulverization is carried out by high-pressure homogeneous pulverization.

Preferably, the pressure for the high-pressure homogeneous pulverization is 135-145 MPa.

Preferably, the ultra-low temperature condition means a temperature below-twenty degrees celsius, preferably between-twenty and-thirty degrees celsius.

Through the implementation of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the invention has the advantages of over 90 percent of wall breaking rate of the hericium erinaceus spore powder, low requirements on process and equipment and suitability for large-scale industrial production.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples; it should be noted that a person skilled in the art may make several improvements and optimizations without departing from the inventive concept, and these improvements and optimizations should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The test materials and reagents referred to in the following are commercially available unless otherwise specified.