阅读说明：本技术 一种磷酸盐轻质植生混凝土及其制备方法与应用 (Phosphate light plant-growing concrete and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 焦楚杰 李宏宇 于 2019-11-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种磷酸盐轻质植生混凝土及其制备方法与应用。所述植生混凝土的成分及含量为：磷酸盐水泥15.7～23.5％、碎石29.5～68.6％、陶粒0.97～37.5％、硅粉0.8～1.2％、增稠剂0.01～0.04％、水3.6～7.8％、高效减水剂0.08～0.12％和缓凝剂0.25～0.37％。本发明制备的植生混凝土质量轻、强度高、孔隙率大且内部低碱环境能满足植物的正常生长,有效解决了现有植生混凝土降碱技术的难题,同时在容重、强度、孔隙率之间找到了一个合理的平衡点。由于掺入陶粒后的植生混凝土具有保温隔热、抗冻抗渗性好等特点,可广泛应用于屋顶绿化以及边坡河堤的加固,具有较高的社会价值。(The invention discloses phosphate light plant-growing concrete and a preparation method and application thereof. The plant-growing concrete comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15.7-23.5% of phosphate cement, 29.5-68.6% of broken stone, 0.97-37.5% of ceramsite, 0.8-1.2% of silicon powder, 0.01-0.04% of thickening agent, 3.6-7.8% of water, 0.08-0.12% of high-efficiency water reducing agent and 0.25-0.37% of retarder. The plant-growing concrete prepared by the invention has light weight, high strength and large porosity, and the internal low-alkali environment can meet the normal growth of plants, thereby effectively solving the problem of the existing plant-growing concrete alkali reduction technology, and simultaneously finding a reasonable balance point among volume weight, strength and porosity. The plant-growing concrete doped with the ceramsite has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation, good frost resistance and impermeability and the like, can be widely applied to roof greening and reinforcement of side slopes and river banks, and has high social value.)

1. The phosphate light-weight plant-growing concrete is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 15.7-23.5% of phosphate cement, 29.5-68.6% of broken stone, 0.97-37.5% of ceramsite, 0.8-1.2% of silicon powder, 0.01-0.04% of thickening agent, 3.6-7.8% of water, 0.08-0.12% of high-efficiency water reducing agent and 0.25-0.37% of retarder;

the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.

2. The phosphate light weight green-growing concrete according to claim 1, characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 21.3-23.5% of phosphate cement, 29.5-50.6% of broken stone, 21.1-37.5% of ceramsite, 1.1-1.2% of silicon powder, 0.01-0.04% of thickening agent, 5.4-7.8% of water, 0.11-0.12% of high-efficiency water reducing agent and 0.35-0.37% of retarder.

3. The phosphate light weight plant-growing concrete according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickener is formed by mixing carboxymethyl cellulose and instant gelatine powder according to a mass ratio of 4: 1.

4. The phosphate light plant-growing concrete as claimed in claim 3, wherein the crushed stone is limestone crushed stone with single-grain gradation, needle-shaped content not exceeding 15% and grain size of 10-20 mm; the ceramsite is 900-grade shale ceramsite with the particle size of 10-20 mm.

5. The phosphate light weight plant-growing concrete according to claim 3, characterized in that the high-efficiency water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water-reducing agent or a naphthalene high-efficiency water-reducing agent; the retarder is at least one of industrial borax and industrial boric acid.

6. The phosphate lightweight green concrete according to claim 3, wherein said phosphate cement is magnesium phosphate cement.

7. The method for preparing the phosphate light weight plant-growing concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) respectively weighing phosphate cement, broken stone, ceramsite, silicon powder, a thickening agent, water, a high-efficiency water reducing agent and a retarder according to the mass percentage, and pre-wetting the ceramsite;

(2) uniformly mixing phosphate cement, a thickening agent, a retarder, silicon powder and water to obtain slurry;

(3) and adding the crushed stone and the ceramsite into the slurry, uniformly mixing, adding the water reducing agent under the stirring state, and continuously stirring until the slurry uniformly wraps the crushed stone and the ceramsite to obtain the phosphate type light plant-growing concrete.

8. The method for preparing phosphate lightweight green-growing concrete according to claim 7, wherein the pre-wetting treatment in step (1) is: adding water into the ceramsite to fully wet the ceramsite.

9. Use of the phosphate lightweight plant concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the fields of greening and slope bank reinforcement.

10. The use of a phosphate lightweight plant-growing concrete as claimed in claim 9 in the fields of greening and slope embankment reinforcement, characterized in that the method of application is: the phosphate type light plant-growing concrete is laid on a green belt or a side slope river bank, a mixture formed by plant seeds, a plant cultivation matrix and a plant nutrient solution is covered on the surface of the phosphate type light plant-growing concrete, and then planting and cultivation are carried out.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of ecological engineering materials, and particularly relates to phosphate light plant-growing concrete and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Because the traditional concrete has the characteristics of high strength, good durability and the like, the concrete is widely applied to various building projects, and the using amount of the concrete is very large. However, with the rapid development of cities in China, various high-rise buildings are pulled out of the ground, thick, hard, cold and dark concrete is reflected to the eyes of people, and the visual effect is lack of vitality. On the other hand, the dense impermeability also brings a serious challenge to the ecological environment, and the phenomena of urban waterlogging, slope slide and the like appear in endless numbers at the time of rainstorm, which brings great inconvenience to the life and travel of people, and the occurrence of the plant-growing concrete effectively solves the problems. As a novel civil engineering material integrating ecological green and economical and practical functions, the plant-growing concrete has wide development space.

At present, China is still in the primary stage in the research aspect of planting concrete, and corresponding technical regulations and application specifications are lacked. In the prior art, cement used for preparing plant growing concrete is an alkaline cementing material, and the high alkaline environment in the framework of the cement greatly inhibits the normal growth of plant growing. Meanwhile, a reasonable balance point is difficult to find among the bulk density, the strength and the porosity of the plant-growing concrete, and the cost of sacrificing the strength of the concrete is usually spent on increasing a certain porosity and reducing the density of the concrete. Therefore, the two technical problems are solved, so that the popularization and the application of the plant concrete are difficult, and the alkali reduction treatment of the plant concrete and the balance problem of the volume weight, the strength and the porosity of the plant concrete are urgently solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the phosphate light plant growing concrete. The vegetation concrete has the advantages of high strength, light weight, high porosity, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, and the pH value is maintained in a weak alkali range of 8-9, so that the requirement of normal growth of plants is completely met.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the phosphate light plant-growing concrete.

The invention further aims to provide application of the phosphate light plant-growing concrete.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the phosphate light plant-growing concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 15.7-23.5% of phosphate cement, 29.5-68.6% of broken stone, 0.97-37.5% of ceramsite, 0.8-1.2% of silicon powder, 0.01-0.04% of thickening agent, 3.6-7.8% of water, 0.08-0.12% of high-efficiency water reducing agent and 0.25-0.37% of retarder;

the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.

Preferably, the phosphate light-weight plant-growing concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 21.3-23.5% of phosphate cement, 29.5-50.6% of broken stone, 21.1-37.5% of ceramsite, 1.1-1.2% of silicon powder, 0.01-0.04% of thickening agent, 5.4-7.8% of water, 0.11-0.12% of high-efficiency water reducing agent and 0.35-0.37% of retarder.

More preferably, the phosphate light-weight plant-growing concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 21.3 percent of phosphate cement, 50.6 percent of broken stone, 21.1 percent of ceramsite, 1.1 percent of silicon powder, 0.04 percent of thickening agent, 5.4 percent of water, 0.11 percent of high-efficiency water reducing agent and 0.35 percent of retarder.

Preferably, the phosphate cement is a magnesium phosphate cement. The initial setting time of the magnesium phosphate cement is 10-15 min, and the 28-day compressive strength can reach 62.4MPa (compressive strength of a mixture of the magnesium phosphate cement, sand and water).

Preferably, the crushed stone is limestone crushed stone with single-particle gradation, needle-shaped content of not more than 15% and particle size of 10-20 mm.

Preferably, the ceramsite is 900-grade shale ceramsite with the particle size of 10-20 mm, and the cylinder pressure strength of the ceramsite reaches 6.5 MPa. When the ceramsite is weighed, the ceramsite can be sieved by a screen to screen out redundant powdery particles.

Preferably, the thickening agent is prepared by mixing carboxymethyl cellulose and instant rubber powder according to the mass ratio of 4: 1.

Preferably, the high-efficiency water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent or a naphthalene high-efficiency water reducing agent.

Preferably, the retarder is at least one of industrial grade borax and industrial grade boric acid; more preferably, the mass ratio of the industrial grade borax to the industrial grade boric acid is 1: 1. The purity of the industrial borax and the purity of the industrial boric acid are both more than 98%, and the delay time is about 10-15 min.

The preparation method of the phosphate light plant-growing concrete comprises the following steps:

(1) respectively weighing phosphate cement, broken stone, ceramsite, silicon powder, a thickening agent, water, a high-efficiency water reducing agent and a retarder according to the mass percentage, and pre-wetting the ceramsite;

(2) uniformly mixing phosphate cement, a thickening agent, a retarder, silicon powder and water to obtain slurry;

(3) and adding the crushed stone and the ceramsite into the slurry, uniformly mixing, adding the water reducing agent under the stirring state, and continuously stirring until the slurry uniformly wraps the crushed stone and the ceramsite to obtain the phosphate type light plant-growing concrete.

Preferably, the method of the pre-wet treatment in step (1) is as follows: adding water into the ceramsite to fully wet the ceramsite; more preferably, water is added into the ceramsite to fully wet the ceramsite for 1 hour, and the addition amount of the water is the water absorption amount of the ceramsite within 1 hour. The pre-wetting treatment effectively avoids the influence of shale ceramsite with larger water absorption rate on the hydration reaction of cement.

The phosphate light plant-growing concrete is applied to the fields of greening and reinforcing of side slope and river banks.

Preferably, the method of application is: the phosphate type light plant-growing concrete is laid on a green belt or a side slope river bank, a mixture formed by plant seeds, a plant cultivation matrix and a plant nutrient solution is covered on the surface of the phosphate type light plant-growing concrete, and then planting and cultivation are carried out.

Preferably, the greening is roof greening.

Preferably, the plant seeds are at least one of maidenhair seeds, cosmos seeds and eremochloa ophiuroides, and the plant seeds have developed root systems and high ornamental value after being planted.

Preferably, the plant culture medium has the functions of water retention and moisture retention and root system fixation, and is preferably at least one of vermiculite, peat, rice husk charcoal and sepiolite.

Preferably, the plant nutrient solution contains a mixed solution of 0.1% of ferrous sulfate and 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate by mass percentage, and provides necessary elements such as Fe, N, K and the like for plant growth.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) the plant-growing concrete prepared by the invention adopts the magnesium phosphate cement, and the essence of the hydration reaction is a heat release process based on acid-base neutralization reaction, so that compared with an alkaline cementing material in the prior art, the pH value is only 8-9, the plant-growing concrete is alkalescent, the plant-growing concrete completely meets the requirement of normal growth of plants, and avoids the complex processes of secondary alkali reduction such as a water immersion method, acidic substance treatment and the like in the prior art.

(2) The plant-growing concrete is prepared by compounding carboxymethyl cellulose and instant rubber powder, and the average relative density of the prepared plant-growing concrete is 1450kg/m³(the density of the plant-growing concrete in the prior art is 1700 to 1900 kg.m^-3) The concrete is about 80 percent of common plant-growing concrete, the compressive strength is more than 25MPa, the effective porosity exceeds 28 percent, and the contradiction relationship between the porosity and the strength is relieved to a certain extent.

(3) The plant-growing concrete prepared by the invention has light weight, high strength and large porosity, and the internal low-alkali environment can meet the normal growth of plants, effectively solves the problem of the existing plant-growing concrete alkali reduction technology, and simultaneously finds a reasonable balance point among volume weight, strength and porosity through the reasonable collocation of all the components. The plant-growing concrete doped with the ceramsite has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation, good frost resistance and impermeability and the like, can be widely applied to roof greening and reinforcement of side slopes and river banks, and has high social value.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of phosphate type light plant-growing concrete in the invention, wherein aggregates are gravels and porcelain granules.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

The initial setting time of the magnesium phosphate cement in the embodiment and the comparative example is 10-15 min, and the 28-day compressive strength can reach 62.4 MPa; the broken stone is limestone broken stone with single-particle gradation, needle-shaped content of not more than 15% and particle size of 10-20 mm; the ceramsite is 900-grade shale ceramsite with the particle size of 10-20 mm, and the cylinder pressure strength of the ceramsite reaches 6.5 MPa; the purity of the industrial grade borax and the purity of the industrial grade boric acid both reach 98%, and the delay time is about 10-15 min.

The method for pre-wetting the shale ceramisite for 1 hour comprises the following steps: and adding water into the shale ceramsite to fully wet the shale ceramsite for 1 hour, wherein the addition amount of the water is the water absorption amount of the shale ceramsite within 1 hour.

The test method for the compressive strength described in the examples and comparative examples of the present application refers to GB/T17671-1999 Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method).

Those in the examples of the present invention and comparative examples, for which no specific conditions are indicated, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The raw materials, reagents and the like which are not indicated for manufacturers are all conventional products which can be obtained by commercial purchase.