阅读说明：本技术 一种电机绕组的接线方法、电机及其驱动结构、驱动方法 (Wiring method of motor winding, motor, driving structure of motor and driving method of motor ) 是由 刘锴 刘卫东 于 2019-09-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电机绕组的接线方法、电机及其驱动结构、驱动方法,属于电机技术领域,其对原有星形接线方式进行了改进,将原星形接线三相绕组上均连接在一点上的各相绕组的一端剥离出来,使得驱动结构一旦采用双桥臂驱动,就能实现电源电压施加在永磁电机的单相绕组上,这样加在电机相线上的电压是电源电压,加在两相绕组上的电压比电源电压的高一倍,根据电机转速的计算公式可知,电机转速能提高大约一倍,而电机的工作效率不变。本发明中采用上述绕组接线方法制作的电机,也自然具备上述优点,即既节能环保又能相比传统星形接线的电机转速高；本发明在提高电机转速时不提高电源电压,可有效降低功率开关器件技术参数要求,成本低廉。(The invention discloses a wiring method of a motor winding, a motor, a driving structure and a driving method thereof, belonging to the technical field of motors, wherein the original star-shaped wiring mode is improved, one end of each phase winding which is connected with one point on the original star-shaped wiring three-phase winding is stripped, so that once the driving structure adopts double-bridge arm driving, the application of power voltage on a single-phase winding of a permanent magnet motor can be realized, the voltage applied on a phase line of the motor is the power voltage, the voltage applied on a two-phase winding is twice higher than the power voltage, the rotating speed of the motor can be improved by about one time according to a calculation formula of the rotating speed of the motor, and the working efficiency of the motor is not changed. The motor manufactured by the winding wiring method also has the advantages naturally, namely, the motor is energy-saving and environment-friendly and has higher rotating speed compared with the traditional star-connected motor; the invention does not increase the power supply voltage when increasing the motor rotating speed, can effectively reduce the technical parameter requirement of the power switch device and has low cost.)

1. A wiring method of a motor winding is characterized in that: and stripping one end of each phase winding connected to one point in the three-phase windings in star connection, performing insulation treatment, insulating the stripped 3 joints, and leading the stripped 3 joints out of the motor respectively, wherein the number of effective conductors of each phase winding is unchanged.

2. An electrical machine comprising a wiring method using the winding of the electrical machine of claim 1.

3. A driving structure of an electric motor, characterized in that the electric motor comprises the wiring method of the motor winding of claim 1, which comprises a left three-phase bridge power output circuit and a right three-phase bridge power output circuit, wherein the left three-phase bridge power output circuit comprises power switching devices V2, V4 and V6, and signal output ends of the power switching devices V2, V4 and V6 are respectively in conductive connection with the stripped 3 joints; the right three-phase bridge power output circuit comprises power switching devices V1, V3 and V5, and signal output ends of the power switching devices V1, V3 and V5 are respectively in conductive connection with the other end of each phase of winding in the three-phase winding.

4. The drive structure of the motor according to claim 3, further comprising two-way drive circuits including an upper arm drive circuit and a lower arm drive circuit; the upper arm driving circuit comprises six driving circuits, wherein each driving circuit comprises three transistors, two diodes and corresponding resistance capacitors; the input end of each circuit is connected with the MCU microprocessor, and the output end of each circuit is connected with the control ends of switches K1, K3, K5, K7, K9 and K11 in power switching devices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6; the lower arm driving circuit comprises six identical circuits of driving, each circuit comprises three transistors and corresponding resistor capacitors, the input end of each circuit is connected with the MCU microprocessor, and the output end of each circuit is connected with the control ends of switches K2, K4, K6, K8, K10 and K12 in power switching devices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6.

5. The driving structure of an electric motor according to claim 3, further comprising a sampling circuit, wherein the sampling circuit is a current sampling circuit comprising two sampling terminals, one of which is conductively connected to the ground terminal of the power switching devices V2, V4, V6, and the other of which is conductively connected to the ground terminal of the power switching devices V1, V3, V5.

6. The driving structure of the motor according to claim 4, further comprising an MCU microprocessor, wherein a control output of the MCU microprocessor is connected to the driving circuit, and an output signal of the MCU microprocessor drives the power switches in the left three-phase bridge power output circuit and the right three-phase bridge power output circuit to be sequentially switched on and off according to a time sequence through the control driving circuit.

7. The driving structure of an electric motor according to claim 5, further comprising an MCU microprocessor, wherein the sampling output of the sampling circuit is connected to the MCU microprocessor, and an adjustable PWM wave is formed in the MCU microprocessor according to the sampling value of the sampling circuit for controlling the phase current and the phase voltage of the electric motor.

8. The driving structure of the motor according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising an MCU microprocessor, wherein a signal output terminal of the MCU microprocessor is in communication with a controlled terminal of the driving circuit, and a signal input terminal of the MCU microprocessor is in communication with a sampling output terminal of the sampling circuit.

9. A driving method of a motor is characterized in that the driving structure of the motor adopts the driving structure of the motor as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7, and under the control of an MCU microprocessor, a driving circuit drives power switching devices in a left three-phase bridge power output circuit and a right three-phase bridge power output circuit to be switched on four times, two phase windings are switched on every time to conduct electricity, the operation is sequentially circulated, the conduction state is changed once every sixty electrical angles, and six conduction states are adopted in each electrical period.

10. The method for driving a motor according to claim 9, which is applied to a six-wire three-phase permanent magnet brushless motor, a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and an ac asynchronous motor system.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wiring method of a motor winding, a motor, a driving structure of the motor and a driving method of the motor, and belongs to the technical field of motors.

Background

Along with the development and the popularization of internet of things, various wearing equipment, intelligent product and various household electrical appliances and engineering equipment are developed vigorously, and these equipment all need motor and motor drive, and many places all need low supply voltage, the motor of high speed in engineering application, if: electric motor cars, air condition compressors, washing machines, range hoods, robots, unmanned planes, and the like. When the current permanent magnet direct current motor reaches the rated rotating speed, only the weak magnetic modulation technology can be adopted to increase the rotating speed of the motor, but the technology greatly reduces the efficiency of the motor, which is not in line with the policy of environmental protection and energy saving advocated by the current state.

From the principle of field weakening speed regulation, in the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the induced electromotive force is increased along with the increase of the rotating speed, and when the terminal voltage of the motor reaches the voltage of the direct current side of the controller, the PWM controller loses the capability of tracking current. Therefore, the stator terminal voltage Us and the phase current Is are limited by the output voltage and the output current limit of the inverter, and a PMSM voltage and current limiting curve can be obtained according to the limitation, so that the current vector Is of the motor can be decomposed into a transverse component Id and a longitudinal component Iq, the transverse component Id tends to increase along with the increase of the rotating speed omega of the motor, the corresponding longitudinal component Iq needs to be reduced, and therefore the electromagnetic torque of the motor also decreases along with the increase of the rotating speed, and the characteristic of constant power Is shown.

In the dc motor theory, the method for changing the rotation speed of the dc motor includes: the speed regulation is performed by changing the armature voltage, and the speed regulation of the main pole magnetic flux phi is weakened. In the speed regulation of the frequency converter on the asynchronous motor, when the output frequency of the frequency converter is higher than the rated frequency of the motor, the magnetic flux phi of the iron core of the motor begins to weaken, the rotating speed of the motor is higher than the rated rotating speed, and at the moment, the motor is called to enter flux weakening speed regulation. Once the flux-weakening speed regulation is carried out, the output voltage of the frequency converter is not changed. The current of the motor is increased and exceeds the rated current, the electromagnetic torque is reduced when the speed is increased, and the power of the motor is constant power, so that the weak magnetic speed regulation is also called constant power speed regulation.

Currently, in order to operate the motor at the highest efficiency, MTPA control is generally required to operate the motor along the optimal efficiency curve. For a permanent magnet synchronous motor, because the inductance of a DQ shaft is close, the motor can be controlled by controlling Id to 0, so that MTPA control can be realized, in practical application, in order to achieve the required high rotating speed, the Id component needs to be very large, and Iq also changes correspondingly. The resulting operating curve will therefore deviate to a large extent from the MTPA control curve, resulting in low efficiency and power factor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a wiring method of a motor winding, a motor, a driving structure of the motor and a driving method of the motor.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a wiring method of a motor winding, which comprises the steps of stripping one end of each phase winding which is connected with one point in three-phase windings in star connection and carrying out insulation treatment, so that 3 stripped joints are insulated from each other, and the 3 stripped joints are respectively led out from a motor, and the number of effective conductors of each phase winding is unchanged.

The invention provides a motor which is realized by using the wiring method of the motor winding.

The invention provides a driving structure of a motor, which is realized by using a wiring method of a motor winding, and comprises a left three-phase bridge power output circuit and a right three-phase bridge power output circuit, wherein the left three-phase bridge power output circuit comprises power switching devices V2, V4 and V6, and the signal output ends of the power switching devices V2, V4 and V6 are respectively in conductive connection with 3 stripped joints; the right three-phase bridge power output circuit comprises power switching devices V1, V3 and V5, and signal output ends of the power switching devices V1, V3 and V5 are respectively in conductive connection with the other end of each phase of winding in the three-phase winding.

Preferably, the driving structure of the motor further includes two driving circuits, which are shown in fig. 4 and 5 and include an upper arm driving circuit and a lower arm driving circuit; the upper arm driving circuit comprises six driving circuits, wherein each driving circuit comprises three transistors, two diodes and corresponding resistance capacitors; the input end of each circuit is connected with the MCU microprocessor, and the output end of each circuit is connected with the control ends of switches K1, K3, K5, K7, K9 and K11 in power switching devices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6; the lower arm driving circuit comprises six identical circuits of driving, each circuit comprises three transistors and corresponding resistor capacitors, the input end of each circuit is connected with the MCU microprocessor, and the output end of each circuit is connected with the control ends of switches K2, K4, K6, K8, K10 and K12 in power switching devices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6.

Preferably, the driving structure of the motor further includes a sampling circuit, the sampling circuit is a current sampling circuit, and includes two sampling terminals, one of which is electrically connected to the ground terminals of the power switches V2, V4, and V6, and the other of which is electrically connected to the ground terminals of the power switches V1, V3, and V5.

Preferably, the driving structure of the motor further comprises an MCU microprocessor, the control output of the MCU microprocessor is connected to the driving circuit, and the output signal of the MCU microprocessor drives the power switches in the left and right three-phase bridge power output circuits to be sequentially turned on and off according to a time sequence through the control driving circuit.

Preferably, the sampling output of the sampling circuit in the driving structure of the motor is connected to an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) microprocessor, and an adjustable PWM (pulse-width modulation) wave is formed in the MCU microprocessor according to the sampling value of the sampling circuit and is used for controlling the phase current of the motor. The soft current-limiting control of the motor is realized, the motor and a driving system are not overloaded, and the motor can work safely and efficiently.

Preferably, the driving structure of the motor includes both the sampling circuit and the driving circuit.

Preferably, on the basis that the driving structure of the motor simultaneously comprises the sampling circuit and the driving circuit, the driving structure further comprises an MCU microprocessor, wherein a signal output end of the MCU microprocessor is communicated with a controlled end of the driving circuit, and a signal input end of the MCU microprocessor is communicated with a sampling output end of the sampling circuit.

The invention provides a driving method of a motor, wherein the driving structure of the motor adopts any scheme of the driving structure of the motor, under the control of an MCU (microprogrammed control Unit) microprocessor, a driving circuit drives power switches in a left three-phase bridge power output circuit and a right three-phase bridge power output circuit to be conducted according to four times, two-phase windings are conducted every time to conduct, the conduction is sequentially circulated, the conduction state is changed once every sixty electrical angles, and six conduction states are conducted every electrical period.

Preferably, the driving method of the motor is suitable for a six-wire three-phase permanent magnet brushless motor, a permanent magnet synchronous motor and an alternating current asynchronous motor system.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

compared with the traditional permanent magnet motor adopting a star connection method, the motor winding wiring method provided by the invention has the advantages that as shown in figure 3, the power voltage is applied to two-phase windings, the original star connection mode is improved, one end of each phase winding which is connected to one point on the original star-connected three-phase winding is stripped, as shown in figure 1, once the driving structure adopts double-bridge arm driving, the power voltage can be applied to a single-phase winding of the permanent magnet motor, so that the voltage applied to a phase line of the motor is the power voltage, the voltage applied to the two-phase winding is one time higher than the power voltage, the rotating speed of the motor can be improved by about one time according to a calculation formula of the rotating speed of the motor, and the working efficiency of the motor is unchanged.

The motor manufactured by the winding wiring method also has the advantages naturally, namely, the motor is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and the rotating speed of the motor is higher than that of the traditional star-connected motor.

And because the permanent magnet motor is improved under the condition that the design structure of the traditional direct current permanent magnet motor is not changed, the transformation cost is low, the number of effective conductors of each phase of winding is not changed, various adaptive parameters are not changed, the universality is strong, and the popularization and the use are convenient.

On the basis of an improved star connection mode, by adopting the driving structure and the driving method of the invention for the motor, a left three-phase bridge power output circuit consisting of power switching devices V2, V4 and V6 and a right three-phase bridge power output circuit consisting of power switching devices V1, V3 and V5 realize double-bridge driving to drive the permanent magnet motor together.

This patent adopts the mode that changes winding voltage, is through promoting the loaded voltage of winding and then promote the rotational speed and do not need very big Id component like this alright reach same speed, and high-speed section operating curve can be according to the MTPA curve after changing the winding, therefore this patent is under the operating mode that the rotational speed improved the one time, and efficiency does not reduce.

The invention does not increase the power supply voltage when increasing the motor rotating speed, can effectively reduce the technical parameter requirement of the power switch device, has low cost and meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wiring method and a driving structure of a motor winding according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of the star connection method of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional permanent magnet motor adopting a star connection method.

FIG. 4 shows an upper arm driving circuit of the left and right three-phase bridge power output circuits of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows a lower arm driving circuit of the left and right three-phase bridge power output circuits of the present invention

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-3 and the following detailed description.

As shown in fig. 3, it is a current star-connected permanent magnet motor driving circuit, and the power voltage of this circuit is applied to two-phase windings of the motor. The resulting voltage on the two phase windings is the supply voltage.

According to the star connection principle of the motor, the terminal voltage equation of the motor is as follows (1):

U＝E+IR (1)

the formula for calculating the back electromotive force generated in the brushless motor winding is as follows (2):

E＝CΦn (2)

in the formula (1) to the formula (2), U represents a power supply voltage, E represents a combined counter electromotive force of two-phase windings of the motor, C represents a motor counter electromotive force constant, Φ represents a magnetic flux per pole, and n represents a motor rotation speed.

The formula of the rotating speed of the motor according to the basic principle of the star connection of the motor is as follows (3):

n＝(U-IR)/CΦ (3)

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment relates to a method for connecting windings of a motor, which includes stripping and insulating one end of each phase winding connected to one point in three-phase windings in a star connection, so that the stripped 3 joints are insulated from each other, and the stripped 3 joints are led out from the motor respectively, and the number of effective conductors of each phase winding is not changed.

As shown in fig. 1, when the dual-bridge arm is used for driving, the voltage applied to the two-phase winding is 2U, and the equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 2, and the 2U is substituted into the above-mentioned rotation speed formula (3) of the motor, so as to obtain the following formula (4):

n＝(2U-IR)/CΦ≈2(U-IR)/CΦ (4)

comparing the formula (3) and the formula (4), the rotating speed of the motor can be doubled without changing the power voltage by adopting the technology, and the working efficiency of the motor is not changed.