阅读说明：本技术 一种自起动永磁电机 (Self-starting permanent magnet motor ) 是由 张宙 张振 于 2019-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种自起动永磁电机,机座以及设置在其上的定子和转子,所述定子包括定子铁心、定子绕组和端部压圈,所述端部压圈设置在所述定子铁心的两端,所述定子铁心套设在所述转子的外部,所述定子绕组设置在所述定子铁心和转子之间,所述转子包括转子铁心、磁钢、起动铜导条和转轴,所述转子铁心由Ⅰ型转子冲片和Ⅱ型转子冲片在轴向间隔叠压而成；所述Ⅰ型转子冲片的中部和Ⅱ型转子冲片的中部分别开设有轴孔。本发明的自起动永磁电机,结构简单、制造方便,有效提高电机的功率密度和输出性能。(The invention discloses a self-starting permanent magnet motor, which comprises a base, and a stator and a rotor which are arranged on the base, wherein the stator comprises a stator core, a stator winding and end pressing rings, the end pressing rings are arranged at two ends of the stator core, the stator core is sleeved outside the rotor, the stator winding is arranged between the stator core and the rotor, the rotor comprises a rotor core, magnetic steel, a starting copper conducting bar and a rotating shaft, and the rotor core is formed by laminating a type I rotor punching sheet and a type II rotor punching sheet at an axial interval; shaft holes are respectively formed in the middle of the I-type rotor punching sheet and the middle of the II-type rotor punching sheet. The self-starting permanent magnet motor has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in manufacturing, and effectively improves the power density and the output performance of the motor.)

1. The utility model provides a self-starting permanent magnet motor, includes frame and stator and the rotor of setting on it, the stator includes stator core, stator winding and tip clamping ring, the tip clamping ring sets up stator core's both ends, the stator core cover is established the outside of rotor, stator winding sets up between stator core and the rotor, its characterized in that, the rotor includes rotor core, magnet steel, starts copper conducting bar and pivot, wherein:

the rotor core is formed by laminating I-type rotor punching sheets and II-type rotor punching sheets at intervals in the axial direction;

the middle part of the I-type rotor punching sheet and the middle part of the II-type rotor punching sheet are respectively provided with a shaft hole;

six inter-polar ventilation holes are formed in the outer circumferential wall surface of the I-type rotor punching sheet, and the six inter-polar ventilation holes divide the I-type rotor punching sheet into six segments; each sector is provided with a pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves and a first pole shoe ventilation hole, each first rotor magnetic steel groove is L-shaped, each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves are oppositely arranged, the adjacent ends of each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves are connected through a magnetic isolation bridge, and the non-adjacent ends of each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves are connected with the inter-pole ventilation holes through magnetic isolation bridges; the first pole shoe ventilation holes are positioned in the corresponding pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves; the outer peripheral surface of each sector is provided with a plurality of rotor copper guide bar grooves, each rotor copper guide bar groove is internally provided with one starting copper guide bar, the starting copper guide bars are tightly expanded and fixed in the rotor copper guide bar grooves, and two ends of all the starting copper guide bars are welded through end rings to form a motor starting cage; the magnetic steel is in a rectangular block structure, and a plurality of magnetic steels are arranged in each first rotor magnetic steel groove; the magnetic poles of the magnetic steel in all the first rotor magnetic steel grooves on the six fan-shaped bodies are alternately distributed along the circumferential direction of the I-shaped rotor punching sheet;

the bottom of each interpolar vent hole is in an arc shape, the bottom arcs of the six interpolar vent holes are arranged along the same circumference to form a circular body, and the outer diameter of the II-type rotor punching sheet is the same as the diameter of the circular body;

six second pole shoe ventilation holes are formed in the outer circumferential wall surface of the II-type rotor punching sheet, six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves are formed in the II-type rotor punching sheet, the six second pole shoe ventilation holes and the first pole shoe ventilation holes of the six sectors are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves and the first rotor magnetic steel grooves in the six sectors are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode; the adjacent ends of each pair of second rotor magnetic steel slots are connected through a magnetic isolation bridge, the non-adjacent ends of each pair of second rotor magnetic steel slots are connected with the outer circumferential wall surface of the II-type rotor punching sheet through the magnetic isolation bridge, and a plurality of magnetic steels are installed in each second rotor magnetic steel slot; the magnetic poles of the magnetic steel in the six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves are alternately distributed along the circumferential direction of the II-type rotor punching sheet;

the rotating shaft is sleeved in shaft holes of the type I rotor punching sheet and the type II rotor punching sheet.

2. The self-starting permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the junction between the two ends of the bottom arc of the interpolar ventilation hole and the hole wall is provided with a chamfer.

3. The self-starting permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the width of the magnetic isolation bridge is 3-5 mm.

4. The self-starting permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the first pole shoe ventilation hole is in a fan-shaped structure, and the diameter of a top arc of the first pole shoe ventilation hole is larger than or equal to that of a bottom arc of the inter-pole ventilation hole.

5. The self-starting permanent magnet electric machine of claim 1 wherein said rotor copper bar slots are rectangular in shape and said rotor copper bar slots are constricted at their notches.

6. The self-starting permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the silicon steel sheet round sheet adopted by the type II rotor punching sheet is smaller than that of the silicon steel sheet round sheet adopted by the type I rotor punching sheet.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a self-starting permanent magnet motor.

Background

The permanent magnet motor adopts a high-performance rare earth permanent magnet material as a magnetic source to generate an excitation magnetic field required by electromechanical energy conversion, has the advantages of compact structure, high power density, high operation efficiency, high reliability and the like, and has wide application prospect in the field of industrial driving.

In order to improve the power density and the starting performance of the motor in the design of large and medium-sized permanent magnet motors, the motors are generally designed to be as compact as possible, and the installation space and the ventilation and heat dissipation area of the magnetic steel of the motor rotor are greatly limited. In the traditional permanent magnet motor design scheme, less rotor ventilation or smaller rotor ventilation area design is adopted, so that the motor heat load design is limited, the motor size is increased, and the improvement of the power density and the dynamic performance of the motor is not facilitated. Meanwhile, the motor is low in material utilization rate due to the overlarge size, the cost is increased, the installation space and the application occasion are limited, the user requirements cannot be met, and the application and popularization of the large and medium permanent magnet motors are limited.

The rotor magnetic steel of the large and medium-sized permanent magnet motor can be arranged on the surface of the rotor when the rotating speed of the motor is low, and the difficulty of installation and fixation of the rotor magnetic steel is increased due to strong centrifugal force when the rotating speed of the motor is high, so that a built-in structure is generally adopted. Namely, a magnetic steel groove is arranged on the punching sheet of the motor rotor, and the magnetic steel is arranged in the magnetic steel groove. And a magnetic isolation bridge for fixedly connecting and supporting the rotor structure is reserved at the boundary of the magnetic steel groove. The magnetic isolation bridge is generally in a highly saturated state when rotor leakage magnetic flux passes through, so that the permanent magnet material utilization rate is improved for reducing the leakage magnetic flux, and the thickness of the magnetic isolation bridge is not suitable to be designed to be too thick on the basis of meeting the requirement of mechanical strength.

A rotor of the self-starting permanent magnet motor is provided with a starting cage bar similar to an induction motor mouse dragon. The starting cage bars further compress the installation space of the magnetic steel, and the heat radiation difficulty of the rotor is also aggravated by the heat generation of the cage bars.

The large and medium-sized self-starting permanent magnet motor has the advantages that the rotor structure is compact, the magnetic steel installation space is limited, the ventilation and the heat dissipation are difficult, in addition, the mechanical strength is limited, and the leakage magnetic flux passing through the magnetic isolation bridge is more, so the capacity and the power density of the motor are limited, and the design difficulty of the large and medium-sized permanent magnet motor is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides the self-starting permanent magnet motor, can solve the design bottleneck and technical defects of the existing large and medium self-starting permanent magnet motor, improves the design level of the large and medium permanent magnet motor, has simple structure and convenient manufacture, and effectively improves the power density and the output performance of the motor.

The technical scheme for realizing the purpose is as follows: the utility model provides a from starting permanent-magnet machine, the stator includes stator core, stator winding and tip clamping ring, the tip clamping ring sets up the both ends of stator core, the stator core cover is established the outside of rotor, stator winding sets up between stator core and the rotor, the rotor includes rotor core, magnet steel, starts copper conducting bar and pivot, wherein:

the rotor core is formed by laminating I-type rotor punching sheets and II-type rotor punching sheets at intervals in the axial direction;

the middle part of the I-type rotor punching sheet and the middle part of the II-type rotor punching sheet are respectively provided with a shaft hole;

six inter-polar ventilation holes are formed in the outer circumferential wall surface of the I-type rotor punching sheet, and the six inter-polar ventilation holes divide the I-type rotor punching sheet into six segments; each sector is provided with a pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves and a first pole shoe ventilation hole, each first rotor magnetic steel groove is L-shaped, each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves are oppositely arranged, the adjacent ends of each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves are connected through a magnetic isolation bridge, and the non-adjacent ends of each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves are connected with the inter-pole ventilation holes through magnetic isolation bridges; the first pole shoe ventilation holes are positioned in the corresponding pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves; the outer peripheral surface of each sector is provided with a plurality of rotor copper guide bar grooves, each rotor copper guide bar groove is internally provided with one starting copper guide bar, the starting copper guide bars are tightly expanded and fixed in the rotor copper guide bar grooves, and two ends of all the starting copper guide bars are welded through end rings to form a motor starting cage; the magnetic steel is in a rectangular block structure, and a plurality of magnetic steels are arranged in each first rotor magnetic steel groove; the magnetic poles of the magnetic steel in all the first rotor magnetic steel grooves on the six fan-shaped bodies are alternately distributed along the circumferential direction of the I-shaped rotor punching sheet;

the bottom of each interpolar vent hole is in an arc shape, the bottom arcs of the six interpolar vent holes are arranged along the same circumference to form a circular body, and the outer diameter of the II-type rotor punching sheet is the same as the diameter of the circular body;

six second pole shoe ventilation holes are formed in the outer circumferential wall surface of the II-type rotor punching sheet, six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves are formed in the II-type rotor punching sheet, the six second pole shoe ventilation holes and the first pole shoe ventilation holes of the six sectors are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves and the first rotor magnetic steel grooves in the six sectors are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode; the adjacent ends of each pair of second rotor magnetic steel slots are connected through a magnetic isolation bridge, the non-adjacent ends of each pair of second rotor magnetic steel slots are connected with the outer circumferential wall surface of the II-type rotor punching sheet through the magnetic isolation bridge, and a plurality of magnetic steels are installed in each second rotor magnetic steel slot; the magnetic poles of the magnetic steel in the six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves are alternately distributed along the circumferential direction of the II-type rotor punching sheet;

the rotating shaft is sleeved in shaft holes of the type I rotor punching sheet and the type II rotor punching sheet.

In the self-starting permanent magnet motor, chamfers are arranged at the joints of the two ends of the bottom arc of the interelectrode vent holes and the hole wall.

The self-starting permanent magnet motor is characterized in that the width of the magnetic isolation bridge is 3-5 mm.

The self-starting permanent magnet motor is characterized in that the first pole shoe ventilation hole is of a fan-shaped structure, and the diameter of a top arc of the first pole shoe ventilation hole is larger than or equal to that of a bottom arc of the interelectrode ventilation hole.

In the self-starting permanent magnet motor, the rotor copper bar guiding groove is rectangular, and the notch of the rotor copper bar guiding groove is contracted.

The diameter of the silicon steel sheet round sheet adopted by the II-type rotor punching sheet is smaller than that of the silicon steel sheet round sheet adopted by the I-type rotor punching sheet.

The self-starting permanent magnet motor can solve the design bottleneck and technical defects of the existing large and medium self-starting permanent magnet motor, improves the design level of the large and medium permanent magnet motor, has simple structure and convenient manufacture, effectively improves the power density and the output performance of the motor, and has the beneficial effects of:

(1) through reasonable design, the rotor punching sheet is simultaneously provided with the magnetic steel groove, the rotor copper conducting bar groove, the vent hole and the shaft hole, so that the limitation of the installation space of the magnetic steel and the rotor copper conducting bar is met, the ventilation area of the rotor is increased, and a better cooling effect is obtained;

(2) the starting copper conducting bars on the rotor are welded together with the end rings at the end parts to form a mouse-dragon winding of the asynchronous motor, and the amplitude and the frequency of the three-phase voltage of the stator do not need to be adjusted through a rotor position signal in the starting process, so that the starting torque can be directly generated like an asynchronous motor. When the rotating speed of the rotor is consistent with the synchronous speed of the magnetic field of the stator of the motor, the mouse-dragon winding is equivalent to a damping winding of the synchronous motor, and the effect of stabilizing the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor or quickly reducing the oscillation is achieved;

(3) the rotor magnetic steel is continuously installed in the whole axial length and is not blocked by the radial ventilation duct, the magnetic steel installation space is enlarged, meanwhile, the magnetic steel is completely installed in the magnetic steel groove in the rotor core, the direct exposure to the air is avoided, and the safety and the reliability are improved;

(3) the I-type rotor punching sheet and the II-type rotor punching sheet can share one set of stamping die, magnetic steel can be installed after mouse-dragon winding installation and welding are completed, and the processing flow and process complexity are simplified.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a self-starting permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a type I rotor sheet;

FIG. 3 is a structural view of a type II rotor blade;

fig. 4 is a rotor structure view.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings:

referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a self-starting permanent magnet motor includes a base 10, and a stator and a rotor disposed thereon, wherein the stator is composed of a stator core 201, a stator winding 202, a ventilation slot plate, an end pressing ring 203 and a tooth pressing plate, the end pressing ring 203 is disposed at two ends of the stator core 201, the stator core 201 is sleeved outside the rotor, and the stator winding 202 is disposed between the stator core 201 and the rotor.

The rotor comprises a rotor core 30, magnetic steel, a starting copper conducting bar 3 and a rotating shaft 4. The rotor core 30 is formed by laminating the I-type rotor punching sheet 1 and the II-type rotor punching sheet 2 at an axial interval.

Shaft holes 40 are respectively formed in the middle of the I-type rotor punching sheet 1 and the middle of the II-type rotor punching sheet 2.

Referring to fig. 2, six inter-pole vent holes 11 are formed in the outer circumferential wall surface of the i-type rotor sheet 1, and the i-type rotor sheet 1 is divided into six segments 12 by the six inter-pole vent holes 11. And chamfers are arranged at the joints of the two ends of the bottom arc of the interelectrode vent holes 11 and the hole wall, so that stress concentration is reduced.

Each sector 12 is provided with a pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves 13 and a first pole shoe ventilation hole 14, each first rotor magnetic steel groove 13 is L-shaped, each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves 13 are oppositely arranged, the adjacent ends of each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves 13 are connected through a magnetic isolation bridge 15, and the non-adjacent ends of each pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves 13 are connected with the inter-pole ventilation holes 11 through the magnetic isolation bridges 15; the width of the magnetic isolation bridge 15 is 3-5 mm. The number of the magnetic isolation bridges 15 needs to comprehensively consider the influence of factors such as the maximum linear speed of the rotor, the centrifugal force of the magnetic steel and the like on the structural strength of the rotor core.

The first pole shoe ventilation holes 14 are positioned in the corresponding pair of first rotor magnetic steel grooves 13, the first pole shoe ventilation holes 14 are in fan-shaped structures, and the diameter of an arc at the top of each first pole shoe ventilation hole 14 is larger than or equal to that of an arc at the bottom of each inter-pole ventilation hole 11; enough iron core width is reserved between the two sides of the pole shoe ventilation hole and the magnetic steel for an excitation magnetic field generated by the magnetic steel to pass through. The first pole piece ventilation holes 14 should be enlarged as much as possible to improve and enhance the ventilation cooling effect while satisfying the mechanical strength and the condition that the excitation magnetic field circulation is not saturated. The ventilation holes can reduce the weight of the rotor, enhance the ventilation and heat dissipation capacity of the rotor, and simultaneously can adjust the waveform of an air gap magnetic field, change a motor quadrature axis magnetic circuit and further optimize the output performance of the motor.

A plurality of rotor copper guide bar grooves 16 are formed in the outer peripheral surface (the side close to the air gap) of each sector 12, the rotor copper guide bar grooves 16 are rectangular, and the notches of the rotor copper guide bar grooves 16 are contracted. A starting copper conducting bar 3 is arranged in each rotor copper conducting bar groove 16, the starting copper conducting bars 3 are tightly fixed in the rotor copper conducting bar grooves 16 in an expanding mode, and two ends of all the starting copper conducting bars 3 are welded through end rings 5 to form a motor starting cage.

The magnetic steel is in a rectangular block structure, a plurality of magnetic steels are installed in each first rotor magnetic steel groove 13, and each magnetic steel groove can be divided into a plurality of sections according to installation space and structural strength requirements. The magnetic poles of the magnetic steel in all the first rotor magnetic steel grooves 13 on the six fan-shaped bodies 12 are alternately distributed along the circumferential direction of the I-shaped rotor punching sheet 1.

Referring to fig. 3, six second pole shoe ventilation holes 21 are formed in the outer circumferential wall surface of the ii-type rotor punching sheet 2, six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves 22 are formed in the ii-type rotor punching sheet, the six second pole shoe ventilation holes 21 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first pole shoe ventilation holes 14 of the six sectors 12, and the six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves 22 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first rotor magnetic steel grooves 13 of the six sectors 12; the adjacent ends of each pair of second rotor magnetic steel slots 22 are connected through a magnetic isolation bridge 15, the non-adjacent ends of each pair of second rotor magnetic steel slots 22 are connected with the outer circumferential wall surface of the II-type rotor punching sheet 2 through the magnetic isolation bridge 15, and a plurality of magnetic steels are installed in each second rotor magnetic steel slot 22; and the magnetic poles of the magnetic steel in the six pairs of second rotor magnetic steel grooves 22 are alternately distributed along the circumferential direction of the II-type rotor punching sheet 2.

Compared with the I-type rotor punching sheet, the II-type rotor punching sheet 2 structurally lacks a rotor copper guide strip groove and interelectrode vent holes, the bottom of each interelectrode vent hole 11 is in an arc shape, the bottom arcs of the six interelectrode vent holes 11 are arranged along the same circumference to form a circular body, and the outer diameter of the II-type rotor punching sheet 2 is the same as the diameter of the circular body. Therefore, in the process of punching the die, the diameter of the silicon steel sheet round sheet adopted by the II-type rotor punching sheet is smaller than that of the silicon steel sheet round sheet adopted by the I-type rotor punching sheet, and the same punching die can be used for processing.

Referring to fig. 4, the rotor core 30 is formed by combining and laminating the i-type rotor lamination 1 and the ii-type rotor lamination 2 according to a certain proportion, the axial distribution effect after lamination is as shown in fig. 4, and the rotating shaft 4 is sleeved in the shaft holes 40 of the i-type rotor lamination and the ii-type rotor lamination.

The outer diameter of the II-type rotor punching sheet 2 is smaller than that of the I-type rotor punching sheet 1, when fluid enters the axial vent hole of the II-type rotor punching sheet 2 through the axial vent hole of the I-type rotor punching sheet 1, part of the fluid enters an air gap and a stator vent channel, and the starting copper conducting bar 3, the stator core 201 and the stator winding 202 are cooled. Meanwhile, a first rotor magnetic steel groove 13 of the I-shaped rotor punching sheet 1 is communicated with a second rotor magnetic steel groove 22 of the II-shaped rotor punching sheet 2, the axial length of the magnetic steel installation is equal to the axial length of the whole rotor core 30, and an excitation magnetic field in the II-shaped rotor punching sheet 2 enters an air gap through magnetic circuits in the I-shaped rotor punching sheets 1 on two sides, so that the installation space of the rotor magnetic steel is increased on the whole. Meanwhile, the II-type rotor punching sheet 2 also has a protection effect on the magnetic steel, and is safer and more reliable compared with the method that the magnetic steel is exposed in the radial air duct of the rotor in the prior art.

The rotor structure has the same technical path and effect as the rotor structure in the invention, can be used for a variable-frequency permanent magnet synchronous motor, and therefore, the variable-frequency permanent magnet synchronous motor also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.

In conclusion, the self-starting permanent magnet motor can solve the design bottleneck and technical defects of the existing large and medium self-starting permanent magnet motor, improves the design level of the large and medium permanent magnet motor, has a simple structure, is convenient to manufacture, and effectively improves the power density and the output performance of the motor.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above described embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.