阅读说明：本技术 重油流态化加工原料的预处理剂以及预处理方法 (Pretreating agent and pretreating method for heavy oil fluidized processing raw material ) 是由 刘必心 张书红 任磊 于 2018-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及石油加工领域,公开了一种重油流态化加工原料的预处理剂及重油流态化加工原料的预处理方法,其中,以所述预处理剂的总重量为基准,该预处理剂含有3-30重量％的组分A,5-40重量％的组分B和30-92重量％的溶剂；所述组分A为R<Sub>1</Sub>CO-L、Ph(CO-L)<Sub>m</Sub>和L<Sub>n</Sub>-R<Sub>2</Sub>-CO-L中的至少一种,所述组分B为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、三乙胺、吡啶和R<Sub>3</Sub>NOH中的至少一种,其中,Ph代表苯基,L各自独立地为卤原子、OCOR<Sub>4</Sub>或OH,R<Sub>1</Sub>和R<Sub>4</Sub>各自独立地为苯基或者C<Sub>1</Sub>-C<Sub>8</Sub>的烷基,R<Sub>2</Sub>为C<Sub>1</Sub>-C<Sub>8</Sub>的亚烷基,R<Sub>3</Sub>为C<Sub>1</Sub>-C<Sub>8</Sub>的烷基,m和n各自独立地为1-4中的任一整数。本发明提供的预处理剂可以使重油的粘度得到有效降低,经过处理后的重油在固定流化床中进行流态化接触裂化反应后,与未处理的重油相比,生焦率也得到降低。(The invention relates to the field of petroleum processing, and discloses a pretreating agent for a fluidized processing raw material of heavy oil and a pretreating method for the fluidized processing raw material of heavy oil, wherein the pretreating agent comprises 3-30 wt% of a component A, 5-40 wt% of a component B and 30-92 wt% of a solvent based on the total weight of the pretreating agent; the component A is R 1 CO‑L、Ph(CO‑L) m And L n ‑R 2 At least one of-CO-L, the component B is sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine and R 3 At least one of NOH, wherein Ph represents phenyl, L is halogen atom, OCOR 4 Or OH, R 1 And R 4 Each independently is phenyl or C 1 ‑C 8 Alkyl of R 2 Is C 1 ‑C 8 Alkylene of (A), R 3 Is C 1 ‑C 8 M and n are each independently any integer from 1 to 4. The pretreating agent provided by the invention can effectively obtain the viscosity of heavy oilThe coking rate of the treated heavy oil is reduced compared with that of untreated heavy oil after the treated heavy oil is subjected to fluidized contact cracking reaction in a fixed fluidized bed.)

1. A pretreating agent for a fluidized raw material for processing heavy oil, comprising 3 to 30% by weight of component A, 5 to 40% by weight of component B and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent; the component A is R₁CO-L、Ph(CO-L)_mAnd L_n-R₂At least one of-CO-L, the component B is sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine and R₃At least one of NOH, wherein Ph represents phenyl, L is halogen atom, OCOR₄Or OH, R₁And R₄Each independently is phenyl or C₁-C₈Alkyl of R₂Is C₁-C₈Alkylene of (A), R₃Is C₁-C₈M and n are each independently any integer from 1 to 4.

2. The pretreating agent according to claim 1, wherein the pretreating agent comprises 5-25 wt% of component a, 10-25 wt% of component B and 50-85 wt% of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent.

3. The pretreating agent of claim 1 or 2, wherein R₁Is phenyl or methyl, L is each independently chlorine atom, OCOR₄Or OH, R₂Is methylene, R₄Is methyl, m-2, n-1.

4. The pretreating agent of claim 3, wherein said component A is at least one of acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, acetic anhydride and acetic acid.

5. The pretreating agent of claim 1 or 2, wherein R₃Is C₁-C₄At least one of alkyl groups.

6. The pretreating agent of claim 5, wherein component B is at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide.

7. The pretreating agent of claim 1 or 2, wherein the solvent is at least one of water, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and dimethylformamide.

8. A method for pretreating a fluidized processing feedstock comprising heavy oil, said method comprising: the pretreatment method using the pretreatment agent of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: uniformly mixing the component A and the component B with a solvent respectively to obtain a solution containing the component A and a solution containing the component B, mixing and stirring the solution containing the component B and heavy oil, and mixing and stirring the solution containing the component A and the heavy oil mixed with the component B.

9. The pretreatment method according to claim 8, wherein the component a, the component B and the solvent are added in such amounts that the content of the component a is 3 to 30% by weight, the content of the component B is 5 to 40% by weight and the content of the solvent is 30 to 92% by weight, based on the total weight of the pretreatment agent, preferably such that the content of the component a is 5 to 25% by weight, the content of the component B is 10 to 25% by weight and the content of the solvent is 50 to 85% by weight.

10. The pretreatment method of claim 8, wherein the total mass of component a and component B is 0.02 to 2 wt% of the heavy oil, preferably the total mass of component a and component B is 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of the heavy oil, and more preferably the total mass of component a and component B is 0.2 to 0.8 wt% of the heavy oil.

11. The pretreatment method according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein the temperature at which component B is mixed with the heavy oil is 30 to 130 ℃ and the mixing and stirring time is 0.5 to 30 hours, preferably, the temperature at which component B is mixed with the heavy oil is 35 to 105 ℃ and the mixing and stirring time is 3 to 20 hours, more preferably, the temperature at which component B is mixed with the heavy oil is 40 to 100 ℃ and the mixing and stirring time is 1 to 10 hours; the temperature for mixing the component A with the heavy oil mixed with the component B is 30-130 ℃, and the mixing and stirring time is 0.5-30h, preferably, the temperature for mixing the component A with the heavy oil mixed with the component B is 35-105 ℃, and the mixing and stirring time is 3-20h, more preferably, the temperature for mixing the component A with the heavy oil mixed with the component B is 40-100 ℃, and the mixing and stirring time is 1-20 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a pretreating agent and a pretreating method for a fluidized processing raw material of heavy oil.

Background

With the development of the petroleum industry, aiming at the increasing weight of petroleum resources and the requirement of environment-friendly fuel oil products, a great deal of research work is carried out on how to improve the yield of liquid products, reduce the yield of coke and the like by various large petroleum companies and scientific research institutions at home and abroad around the problem of high-efficiency utilization of heavy oil. In recent years, the development of heavy oils, the processing and application of heavy oils, has become increasingly important in the petroleum industry. Most of the crude oil in China is heavy oil, and the content of the heavy oil is 40-50 wt% or more. In heavy oil which is continuously mined in recent years, the content of the reduced pressure heavy oil is 60 wt% or more, for example, the content of the reduced pressure heavy oil in single mosque heavy oil is 65.6 wt%. Compared with other distillate oil, the heavy oil has high content of colloid and asphaltene, and the colloid and asphaltene molecules can form high-regularity aggregates in the heavy oil. When the aggregate is displaced relatively, a large internal friction force is generated, so that the heavy oil shows a high viscosity.

The fluidized processing of heavy oil is an important technical means for treating heavy oil, and includes technologies such as fluid coking, flexicoking, HTL, catalytic cracking and the like. In the fluidization processing process, the atomization condition and the gasification degree of the raw oil play a very important role in the fluidization processing. Taking catalytic cracking as an example, if the viscosity of the raw oil is too high, the overall atomization effect of the raw material is affected, so that the thickness of an oil film attached to a catalyst is increased, the gasification degree of the raw oil is further affected, the effect of a condensation reaction is enhanced, the coke yield is too high, the coke burning load of a regenerator is large, and the energy consumption of a device is increased. Therefore, the raw material heavy oil for fluidized processing of the heavy oil is pretreated, the viscosity of a heavy oil system is reduced, colloid and asphaltene aggregates in the heavy oil system are broken, and further fluidized processing and utilization of the heavy oil are necessary.

For the pretreatment of heavy oil as a raw material for fluidized processing of heavy oil, three treatment modes such as hydrogenation, emulsification and ultrasonic treatment are mainly adopted at present.

After the heavy oil is subjected to hydrogenation pretreatment, the cracking performance of the raw material can be improved, the coking tendency under high conversion rate can be reduced, the yield of light products can be increased, the sulfur content of the products can be reduced, the sulfur content in flue gas can be reduced, and the capacity of a device for processing inferior raw materials can be improved. However, the raw oil hydrogenation pretreatment device has slightly large investment and slightly high operation cost. For example, CN1335371A discloses a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock hydrotreating method, which organically combines the thermal hydrocracking technology of heavy oil with the fixed bed heavy oil hydrotreating technology, wherein the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock is first subjected to mild thermal hydrocracking pretreatment in a suspended bed or similar reactor, and then enters a fixed bed hydrotreating apparatus for hydrotreating.

In order to improve the atomization effect of heavy oil in the fluidization processing process, some researchers develop a cold-feed fluidization reaction process of an emulsified raw material according to a micro-explosion theory and a molecular aggregation and depolymerization theory in the emulsification combustion process of the heavy oil. The purpose is to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil and facilitate the atomization of raw materials. For example, CN1356373A discloses an emulsion feeding method for heavy oil catalytic cracking, which adopts a unique secondary "blasting" atomization technique to improve the atomization effect and greatly improve the contact between the raw material and the catalyst. The technology mainly changes the physical property of the catalytic cracking raw oil before entering a riser reactor in an emulsifying mode so that the catalytic cracking raw oil is in full contact with a high-temperature catalyst in the riser reactor and generates secondary blasting atomization, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the reaction depth, improving the product distribution and improving the target product yield, and is characterized in that the raw oil is emulsified by adopting a non-ionic emulsifier, and the catalytic cracking raw oil is prepared into water-in-oil type emulsified oil at the temperature of 60-80 ℃. And an emulsified feeding method is adopted, and the emulsified catalytic cracking raw oil is sprayed into the riser reactor in an atomized state through a nozzle at the temperature of 150 ℃. The test result shows that after the emulsification feeding is adopted, under the same reaction condition, the conversion rate of the emulsified oil in the normal slag is improved by about 5 percent compared with the normal slag, the yield of the dry gas is improved by 0.8 percent, and the yield of the coke is reduced by about 1 percent compared with the normal slag.

CN103805229A discloses a raw material pretreatment method for improving the lightweight property of heavy oil. The method utilizes the cavitation and composite action of ultrasonic waves to change the colloid structure of the heavy oil, optimize the structural composition of the heavy oil, promote the uniform distribution of four components, improve the stability of a colloid system, generally improve the quality of the heavy oil and obviously improve the hydrogenation effect of the heavy oil. The ultrasonic treatment effect of heavy oil from different sources is greatly different. According to the data after the hydrogenation treatment, the method reduces the average relative molecular mass of the reduced pressure heavy oil by 3-6%, reduces the viscosity by 5-12%, reduces the carbon residue value by about 21-40%, improves the heavy oil conversion rate by 8-10% after the hydrogenation, improves the light oil yield by 7-11%, and the like. The method for treating the heavy oil by the ultrasonic waves is also used for reducing the viscosity of a heavy oil system, so that a better atomization effect is achieved, and the coking rate of the reaction is further reduced. The principle analysis shows that the viscosity of the heavy oil after ultrasonic treatment is temporarily reduced, and the viscosity of the heavy oil system can be further recovered after a period of time.

CN102643670A discloses a pretreatment method of heavy oil raw material, which comprises adding a proper amount of free radical terminator into the heavy oil raw material, and introducing the mixture into a thermal conversion reactor for mild thermal conversion; the thermally converted stream enters the contact cracking reactor and the coke yield decreases after the reaction, a process similar to the hydrode-stick technology.

Therefore, the existing pretreatment method for the heavy oil fluidized processing raw material has some problems, for example, although the effect of the pretreatment is good, the cost is high; although emulsification has a certain effect, the added emulsifier can have a certain influence on the oil-water separation of the final product; the heavy oil after the ultrasonic treatment is temporarily reduced in viscosity. Therefore, there is a need to provide a new heavy oil pretreatment process that fundamentally reduces the viscosity of the heavy oil, thereby improving the cracking performance of the heavy oil and reducing the propensity for coking at high conversion rates.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the conventional pretreatment method of the fluidized processing raw material of the heavy oil and provide a novel pretreatment agent and a pretreatment method of the fluidized processing raw material of the heavy oil.

In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pretreating agent for a fluidized raw material for heavy oil processing, comprising 3 to 30% by weight of component a, 5 to 40% by weight of component B and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent; the component A is R₁CO-L、Ph(CO-L)_mAnd L_n-R₂At least one of-CO-L, the component B is sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine and R₃At least one of NOH, wherein Ph represents phenyl, L is halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I), OCOR₄Or OH, R₁And R₄Each independently is phenyl or C₁-C₈Alkyl of R₂Is C₁-C₈Alkylene of (A), R₃Is C₁-C₈M and n are each independently any integer from 1 to 4.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for pretreating a heavy oil fluidized process feed stock, wherein the method comprises: with the pretreatment agent provided by the invention, the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the component A and the component B with a solvent respectively to obtain a solution containing the component A and a solution containing the component B, mixing and stirring the solution containing the component B and heavy oil, and mixing and stirring the solution containing the component A and the heavy oil mixed with the component B.

Heavy oil raw materials are high in viscosity and difficult to atomize, colloid and asphaltene molecules can form high-regularity aggregates in heavy oil, and when relative displacement occurs between crude oil molecules, high internal friction force can be generated, so that the high viscosity of the heavy oil is shown, and the colloid and the asphaltene molecules are difficult to gasify and greatly condensed into coke when contacting with a catalyst no matter the heavy oil is high in viscosity shown macroscopically or the colloid and the asphaltene aggregates are formed microscopically. The heavy oil pretreatment agent and the pretreatment method provided by the invention have the advantages that the heavy oil is pretreated before entering the reactor, the viscosity of the heavy oil is effectively reduced, and the heavy oil can better react with the catalyst after entering the reactor, so that the yield of coke is reduced.

More specifically, after the heavy oil is treated by the pretreating agent, the colloid and asphaltene aggregates are broken, the viscosity of the heavy oil is fundamentally reduced, the heavy oil is easier to atomize when entering a reactor, the reaction efficiency after the heavy oil is contacted with a catalyst is enhanced, and the coke yield is further reduced.

The pretreating agent provided by the invention is used for pretreating heavy oil, so that the viscosity of the heavy oil can be effectively reduced, and the coking rate of the treated heavy oil is reduced compared with untreated heavy oil after fluidized contact cracking reaction of the treated heavy oil in a fixed fluidized bed.

Detailed Description

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

According to the present invention, the pretreating agent comprises 3 to 30% by weight of component A, 5 to 40% by weight of component B and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent of the fluidized raw material for processing heavy oil; preferably, in order to better achieve the object of the present invention, the pretreating agent contains 5 to 25% by weight of component a, 10 to 25% by weight of said component B and 50 to 85% by weight of a solvent.

According to the invention, the component A is R₁CO-L、Ph(CO-L)_mAnd L_n-R₂At least one of-CO-L, the component B is sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine and R₃At least one of NOH, wherein Ph represents phenyl, L is halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I), OCOR₄Or OH, R₁And R₄Each independently is phenyl or C₁-C₈Alkyl of R₂Is C₁-C₈Alkylene of (A), R₃Is C₁-C₈M and n are each independently any integer from 1 to 4.

According to the invention, preferably R₁Is phenyl or methyl, L is each independently chlorine atom, OCOR₄Or OH, R₂Is methylene, R₄Is methyl, m-2, n-1. More preferably, A is R₁CO-L, L is chlorine atom, R₁Is methyl, the component A is acetyl chloride; a is R₁CO-L, L is chlorine atom, R₁Is phenyl, and the component A is benzoyl chloride; a is Ph (CO-L)_mL is chlorine atom, m is 2, and the component A is terephthaloyl chloride; a is L_n-R₂-CO-L, L being a chlorine atom, n ═ 1, said component a being chloroacetyl chloride; a is L_n-R₂-CO-L，R₁Is methyl, L is OCOR₄、R₄Is methyl, and the component A is acetic anhydride; a is R₁CO-L，R₁Is methyl, L is OH, and the component A is acetic acid. Therefore, preferably, the component a is at least one of acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, acetic anhydride and acetic acid.

According to the invention, preferably R₃Is C₁-C₄At least one of alkyl groups. More preferably, the component B is at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide.

According to the present invention, the solvent may be a solvent capable of dissolving each of the component a and the component B in the art, and preferably, the solvent is at least one of water, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and dimethylformamide; more preferably, the solvent is at least one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreating agent comprises 3 to 30% by weight of acetyl chloride of component a, 5 to 40% by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, preferably component B of triethylamine and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent for the fluidized processing raw material of heavy oil.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreating agent comprises 3 to 30% by weight of benzoyl chloride of component a, 5 to 40% by weight of component B selected from at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent for the fluidized processing raw material of heavy oil.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreating agent comprises 3 to 30% by weight of the component a terephthaloyl chloride, 5 to 40% by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, preferably the component B of pyridine and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent for the fluidized processing raw material of heavy oil.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreating agent comprises 3 to 30% by weight of chloroacetyl chloride, 5 to 40% by weight of component B selected from at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent for the fluidized raw material for processing heavy oil.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreating agent comprises 3 to 30% by weight of acetic acid as component a, 5 to 40% by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, preferably component B of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent for the fluidized processing raw material of heavy oil.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreating agent comprises 3 to 30% by weight of acetic anhydride as component a, 5 to 40% by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, preferably component B of potassium carbonate, and 30 to 92% by weight of a solvent, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent for the fluidized processing raw material of heavy oil.

According to the present invention, the component a, the component B and the solvent are added in such amounts that the content of the component a is 3 to 30% by weight, the content of the component B is 5 to 40% by weight and the content of the solvent is 30 to 92% by weight, based on the total weight of the pretreating agent, preferably such that the content of the component a is 5 to 25% by weight, the content of the component B is 10 to 25% by weight and the content of the solvent is 50 to 85% by weight.

Wherein the component A, the component B and the solvent are as described above and are not repeated herein.

According to the invention, the method for pretreating the heavy oil fluidized processing raw material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the component A and the component B with a solvent respectively to obtain a solution containing the component A and a solution containing the component B, mixing and stirring the solution containing the component B and heavy oil, and mixing and stirring the solution containing the component A and the heavy oil mixed with the component B.

According to the present invention, the ratio of the solvent mixed with each of the component a and the component B is not particularly limited as long as the component a and the component B can be sufficiently dissolved, respectively.

According to the invention, the total mass of component A and component B is between 0.02 and 2% by weight, more preferably between 0.05 and 1.5% by weight, based on the weight of the heavy oil. Although the pretreatment agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil, and the heavy oil can better react with the catalyst after entering the reactor, thereby reducing the yield of coke, the pretreatment agent can achieve better pretreatment effect on the heavy oil within the preferable range.

According to the present invention, in the method for pretreating a fluidized raw material for processing heavy oil, preferably, the temperature at which component B is mixed with heavy oil is 30 to 130 ℃ and the mixing and stirring time is 0.5 to 30 hours, more preferably, the temperature at which component B is mixed with heavy oil is 35 to 105 ℃ and the mixing and stirring time is 3 to 20 hours; most preferably, component B is mixed with the heavy oil at a temperature of 40 to 100 ℃ for a mixing and stirring time of 1 to 10 hours.

According to the present invention, in the method for pretreating a fluidized raw material for processing heavy oil, it is preferred that the temperature at which component a is mixed with the above heavy oil mixed with component B is 30 to 130 ℃ and the mixing and stirring time is 0.5 to 30 hours, and it is more preferred that the temperature at which component a is mixed with the above heavy oil mixed with component B is 35 to 105 ℃ and the mixing and stirring time is 3 to 20 hours; most preferably, component A is mixed with the heavy oil mixed with component B at a temperature of 40-100 ℃ for a mixing and stirring time of 1-20 hours.

According to the present invention, the pretreatment agent can be allowed to sufficiently interact with the heavy oil under the above-mentioned more preferable conditions, and the pretreatment agent can perform a better pretreatment function.

According to the present invention, the manner of mixing the solution containing component a with the above-mentioned heavy oil mixed with component B may be either manner, and in order to more facilitate the reaction of component a with the heavy oil, it is preferable that the solution containing component a is added to the above-mentioned heavy oil mixed with component B and mixed uniformly.

In the present invention, the feedstock for the fluidized processing of heavy oil may be a respective fluidized feedstock of heavy oil conventional in the art, such as vacuum residue, atmospheric residue, wax oil, and the like.

The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.

(1) The properties of the heavy oil fluidized feedstock used in the following examples of the present invention are shown in table 1. In the present invention, the contact agent to be fluidized with the heavy oil may be any of various contact agents conventionally used in the fluidized processing of heavy oil in the art. The contact agent comprises a catalytically active silicoaluminophosphate material contact agent, for example, may be a silicoaluminophosphate material containing greater than 50% by weight, including, but not limited to, one or more of molecular sieves, kaolin, alumina, amorphous silicoaluminophosphates, montmorillonite, quartz sand, and clay. Wherein, the molecular sieve can be a conventional molecular sieve, for example, X-type molecular sieve, Y-type molecular sieve, MCM series molecular sieve, etc.; in addition, the contact agent may also include inert material contact agents such as coke particles, quartz sand, and the like. The properties of a representative fluidized reaction contact agent used in the following examples of the present invention are shown in table 2.

(2) In the examples of the invention described below, the viscosity is determined by means of the standard petroleum asphalt kinematic viscometry of the petrochemical industry (SH/T0654-1998) using a HAAKE VT550 viscometer of the company HAAKE.

The viscosity reduction rate of the heavy oil is calculated by the following formula:

f＝(η₁-η₂)/η₁×100％

f-viscosity reduction ratio%

η₁Initial viscosity of heavy oil, mm²/s

η₂Viscosity, mm after addition of pretreatment agent²/s

(3) Taking a small fixed fluidized bed reactor as an example, the effect of the contact cracking reaction of the heavy oil after pretreatment is studied. After the reaction is finished, the coking rates of the heavy oil treated by various pretreatment agents are respectively compared with the coking rates of the heavy oil which is not treated by the pretreatment agents. The cracking reaction process conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is 500 ℃, and the space velocity is 8h^-1The mass ratio of the water vapor to the heavy oil is 1:3.75, and the mass of the contact agent to the heavy oilThe ratio was 10:1 and the gas phase residence time was 0.8s, and the same cracking reaction process conditions were used for each example and comparative example.

(4) The compounds used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention are all commercially available.

TABLE 1 Properties of the raw materials

TABLE 2 Main composition and Properties of the contact agent