阅读说明：本技术 间隔纺织物的应用、内饰件以及间隔针织物 (Use of spacer textile, interior trim part and spacer knitted fabric ) 是由 S·米勒 F·米勒 于 2019-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种将具有第一和第二纺织物层(4、5)以及使所述纺织物层相连接的间隔纱线(6)的间隔纺织物(3)用于构成内饰的应用,其特征在于,第一纺织物层(4)和间隔纱线(6)仅由聚合物的复丝捻线构成,并且至少将第一纺织物层(4)和间隔纱线(6)的聚合物的复丝捻线染色。此外,本发明涉及一种内饰件以及以用于所述应用或内饰件的尤其优选以间隔针织物为形式的间隔纺织物(3)。(The invention relates to the use of a spacer textile (3) having a first and a second textile layer (4, 5) and spacer threads (6) connecting the textile layers for forming an interior, characterized in that the first textile layer (4) and the spacer threads (6) consist exclusively of polymer multifilament threads and in that at least the polymer multifilament threads of the first textile layer (4) and the spacer threads (6) are dyed. The invention further relates to an interior trim part and a spacer textile (3) in the form of a spacer knit, particularly preferably for said application or interior trim part.)

1. Use of a spacer textile (3) for forming an interior trim part, having a first textile layer (4) and a second textile layer (5) and spacer yarns (6) connecting the textile layers (4, 5), characterized in that the first textile layer (4) is visibly arranged on the surface of the interior trim, the first textile layer (4) and the spacer yarns (6) consist exclusively of polymer multifilament twists, and at least the polymer multifilament twists of the first textile layer (4) and the spacer yarns (6) are dyed.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire spacer textile (3) consists of multifilament twisted threads only.

3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the entire spacer textile (3) consists of the only yarn type for multifilament twisted yarns.

4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the multifilament twist of the first textile layer (4) and of the spacer yarns (6) has a fineness of between 50 and 167 dtex.

5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the multifilament twists of the first textile layer (4) and of the spacer yarns (6) each have from 12 to 50 filaments.

6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the multifilament twists of the first textile layer (4) and of the spacer yarns (6) are spin-dyed.

7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least the first textile layer (4) and the multifilament twisted threads of the polymer of the spacer yarns (6) are uniformly dyed with a colour selected from the group comprising black, grey, brown and beige.

8. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spacer textile (3) is configured as a spacer knit.

9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the spacer textile (3) has a thickness of between 1.5mm and 10 mm.

10. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the second textile layer (5) has a first polymer component and a second polymer component, wherein the first polymer component is only at least partially melted with the delivery of heat during the shaping process.

11. Interior trim part, in particular a ceiling of a passenger vehicle, comprising a carrier (1) and a spacer textile (3) having a first textile layer (4) and a second textile layer (5) and spacer yarns (6) connecting the textile layers (4, 5), wherein the spacer textile (3) is arranged with the second textile layer (5) on the carrier (1) and the first textile layer (4) forms a visible surface, wherein the first textile layer (4) and the spacer yarns (6) consist exclusively of polymer multifilament twists, and wherein at least the polymer multifilament twists of the first textile layer (4) and the spacer yarns (6) are dyed.

12. Interior trim part according to claim 11, wherein the carrier (1) consists of a deep-drawn layer material.

13. Interior trim part according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the second textile layer (5) has a first polymer component and a second polymer component, and wherein the second textile layer (5) is reinforced and/or spatially shaped by a structural change of the first polymer component caused by melting.

14. A spacer knit having a first and a second textile layer (4, 5) and spacer yarns (6) connecting the textile layers (4, 5), characterized in that the two textile layers (4, 5) and the spacer yarns (6) are composed of a single yarn type in the form of a multifilament twist and are dyed.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the use of a spacer textile having a first and a second textile layer and spacer threads connecting the textile layers to form an interior trim part. The invention also relates to a corresponding interior trim part, in particular a roof of a passenger vehicle, having a carrier and a spacer textile. Finally, the invention also relates to a specific embodiment of the spacer textile as a spacer knit.

Background

Spacer textiles and in particular spacer knits are distinguished by a lightweight, breathable construction, wherein the spacer textiles are elastic in the direction of their thickness by spacer yarns running between two textile layers in planar form.

Due to this property, the spacer textile can be provided as a soft, elastic and air-circulating layer, for example in mattresses, upholstery, clothing or shoes. In addition, spacer textiles are also widely used in the automotive sector as industrial textiles, as elastic intermediate layers in air-conditioning seats, seat coverings or upholstery.

A spacer knit as an intermediate layer for the construction of interior trim of motor vehicles is known from DE 102010010524B 4, wherein, in particular, a reduced breaking strength is provided for the application of the spacer knit at a plurality of locations on an airbag or an airbag cover.

According to patent document DE 102016125881B 3, spacer knits are also provided for constituting composite materials for interior design of motor vehicles. A covering and decorative layer made of a material selected from the group of leather, artificial leather, decorative films and textiles is arranged on the spacer knit. The spacer knit in this case allows the covering and the decorative layer to be supported elastically in a particularly advantageous manner, wherein the composite material can be applied to the uneven substructure just as well due to the elastic properties of the spacer knit.

Although spacer textiles are often provided as elastic intermediate layers in interior trim, DE 102012105134 a1 proposes a spacer textile which can be used without an additional covering layer and thus forms the surface of the interior trim or the seat cover. In order to achieve a high resistance force, the spacer threads in the first knitted fabric layer are wound with threads to form loops, whereas the spacer threads in the planar second knitted fabric layer are not formed into loops and are only knitted in the form of weft threads. In addition, a hole structure of the second knitted fabric layer can be provided, which is then expediently covered by weft threads on the inner side of the second knitted fabric layer.

In the spacer textile fabric provided as an intermediate layer, but also in the spacer knitted fabric according to DE 102012105134 a1, the spacer threads are generally composed of monofilaments. Although multifilament yarns are not excluded in principle as spacer yarns, only monofilament twisted yarns are actually used due to their higher strength and compressive stiffness.

A particularly vivid and attractive appearance is achieved by the preferred design of the second flat knitted fabric layer with the perforated knitting pattern and the weft threads arranged in the perforations (see fig. 5 in particular). Through the hole structure, an apparently loose surface is obtained, which enhances the impression of an actively breathing structure. At this point, the second knitted fabric layer is relatively opaque and closed, achieved simultaneously by the individual weft yarns.

The materials known from DE 102012105134 a1 are not suitable for low-profile, convergent designs.

In designing the interior space of a motor vehicle, great attention is paid to the design and selection of the material surfaces. In this case, the surface in the region of the dashboard or also on the interior of the door is often attractive to the observer and is aesthetically pleasing. Conversely, other surfaces, such as the roof, should be designed to be more convergent and calm.

In the known roof construction, a multi-layer construction is provided, in which a textile cover layer made of a textile material is applied to a carrier via an intermediate layer made of foam, in particular via a carrier produced by deep drawing of a layer material. Although this structure has proven effective in practice, it has certain disadvantages. That is, in new vehicles, for example, foam materials may release emissions that are noticeable. This is the case in particular when the foam material is flame-bonded to the textile coating together with the carrier and/or the textile material, so that significant emissions are released during the production process.

Even if the layer structure is produced solely from adhesive, it is necessary to arrange adhesive not only before the support and the foam on the one hand, but also between the foam and the woven cover layer on the other hand.

Furthermore, the known constructions with a carrier, an intermediate layer consisting of foam and a cover layer made of textile material are also problematic with regard to recycling, since different materials are used which cannot be separated from one another or at least cannot be separated from one another without problems. For example, if the textile material tears from the carrier during recycling, layer separations usually occur within the foam, so that not only the carrier but also the textile material is contaminated with foam residues.

Finally, there is also a need to improve the durability of the foam. That is, for example, it is known that in older motor vehicles, such as vintage cars, the intermediate layer consisting of foam loses its original structure and in the worst case has already broken.

Disclosure of Invention

Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved interior trim part and the use of a spacer textile for constructing an interior trim part. Finally, spacer fabrics particularly suitable for this purpose should also be provided.

The subject of the invention and the solution to this object are the use according to claim 1, the interior trim part according to claim 10 and the spacer knit according to claim 12.

Accordingly, the invention relates to the use of a spacer textile having a first and a second textile layer and a spacer yarn connecting the textile layers for forming an interior trim part, characterized in that the first textile layer is visibly arranged on the surface of the interior trim part, the first textile layer and the spacer yarn are composed exclusively of a polymer multifilament twist, and at least the polymer multifilament twist of the first textile layer and the spacer yarn is dyed.

In the context of the application according to the invention, the spacer textile, which is preferably designed as a spacer knit, forms the visible surface of the interior, wherein a soft and somewhat elastic support of the first textile layer is also achieved by the spacer yarns.

The invention is based on the recognition that conventional spacer fabrics are suitable only to a limited extent for forming a particularly uniform and harmonious surface of an interior trim. In a very compact embodiment of the first textile layer, the spacer yarns are also partially visible due to the usual loop formation, i.e. at the location where the spacer yarns are wound with the yarns of the first textile layer during the loop formation and thus also partially above the yarns of the first textile layer.

Although the visual appearance is not important when the spacer fabric is used as an intermediate layer, the surface of the interior, in particular of a vehicle, for example a passenger car, is designed in a precisely predetermined manner in terms of color. Even when the monofilament twisted yarn as the spacer yarn and the multifilament twisted yarn of the first woven fabric layer are dyed in the same manner in the general spacer knitted fabric, different color appearances are obtained due to different structures. It is through the spacer yarns that are only partially visible that an interference, non-uniform pattern can be created. Interference patterns or appearances in the form of micro-defects may even occur due to the manufacturing process of the textile and/or possible accidental or systematic deviations in manufacturing.

In this context, it is provided in the scope of the application according to the invention that the first textile layer and the spacer thread consist exclusively of multifilament twists of polymer, wherein the multifilament twists of the first textile layer and the spacer thread are dyed in a desired manner.

On the visible surface of the interior, only the multifilament yarn twists of the first textile layer and the individual portions (loops) of the spacer thread, which likewise consist of the multifilament yarn twists, are then present. This ensures a visually very uniform and homogeneous textile structure, as in conventional, two-dimensional textiles.

In this connection, known disadvantages, such as lower compressive stiffness and elasticity, are also accepted in terms of the mechanical properties of the spacer textile compared to spacer textiles having spacer yarns in the form of monofilament twisted threads. However, this mechanical property is sufficient for interior trim parts which are not or only very little loaded, for example, roofs of passenger vehicles. In particular, similar compression stiffness and similar return properties can be achieved compared to known materials with cut foam layers provided for constructing a roof. In this application variant, the spacer textile according to the invention has proven to be particularly advantageous. The advantage is also achieved within the scope of the invention that the spacer textile can also be recycled particularly simply and completely when used as an interior trim. This applies not only to the final removal of the finished product but also to the cutting and severing residues of the spacer fabric.

The spacer textile, which is preferably designed as a spacer knit, typically has a thickness of between 1.5mm and 10mm, in particular between 2mm and 5mm, for example a thickness of approximately 3.5 mm.

In order to further assist a particularly uniform appearance of the spacer textile, further particularly preferred embodiments can be provided.

That is, the entire spacer textile may be constructed of multifilament twists only. It is even possible that the spacer textile is composed of the only yarn type for the multifilament twist. In the context of this embodiment, all multifilament twists (within the range of manufacturing tolerances) therefore have the same structure and, in particular, the same fineness. If only the single multifilament twist itself is considered, it is then no longer assigned to two textile layers or spacer threads. The material is then completely identical with respect to the multifilament threads used, wherein it is therefore also not necessary to provide different multifilament threads for the two planar textile layers and the spacer threads.

The multifilament twisted threads of the first textile layer and of the spacer yarn and preferably also of the second textile layer typically have a fineness of between 50 and 167 dtex.

The multifilament twist of the first layer of knitted fabric and the spacer yarn and preferably also the second layer of knitted fabric preferably has from 12 to 50 filaments. Suitable multifilament twists may have, for example, 24 or 36 filaments. Although the material becomes softer as the number of filaments increases, the compressive hardness of the multifilament twisted yarn and the durability against mechanical damage increase as the number of filaments decreases.

In order to achieve a particularly attractive and preferably uniform color impression in the textile structure of the textile layers and the spacer threads, at least the multifilament threads of the first textile layer and the spacer threads and preferably also of the second textile layer are dyed not only in the same color but also in the same manner. A particularly preferred embodiment in this case is a spin-dyed multifilament yarn.

In spin-dyed multifilament twisted yarns, the dye is added to the polymer mass in the form of a masterbatch directly at the time of the production of the individual filaments. The individual filaments are then dyed completely and uniformly. Even when mechanically damaged, worn or the like, the color does not change despite the change in surface properties. The textile-dyed materials are also particularly stable in color for a long time, the dye in the polymer matrix being well protected against environmental influences, such as discoloration.

Furthermore, the spin-dyed twisted threads are also particularly low-emission, wherein less consumption and lower water pollution can also be achieved compared to conventional wet chemical dyeing.

However, in the context of the present invention, other methods than spin-dyeing a multifilament twisted yarn are not excluded in principle. Relatively good durability can also be achieved in package dyeing, that is to say dyeing on a spool before the spacer textile is constructed, or in textile dyeing of the spacer textile at elevated temperatures, typically above 100 ℃.

The multifilament twisted yarns of the first textile layer and of the spacer yarns and preferably also of the polymer of the second textile layer preferably have a uniform color in order to form a uniform and harmonious surface in the described manner. As color, for example, black, different shades of gray, brown or beige can be provided.

Among said dark and/or steady colors, a particularly expensive and harmonious design results. However, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. Thus, when the multifilament threads of the first textile layer, the spacer threads and preferably also the second textile layer are dyed in a uniform color, a particularly high-quality, uniform appearance is also obtained in a bright and conspicuous color.

Even when not all multifilament threads are dyed identically or exactly identically according to the variant of the invention, the appearance can be determined exactly within the scope of the invention, wherein undesired interference is just avoided. For example, a yarn system of two multifilament threads with different color gradations can also be provided for the first textile layer which is provided as a visible surface. The multifilament threads with the first color gradation on the one hand and the multifilament threads with the second color gradation on the other hand are then preferably assigned to different textile tracks, whereby the textile properties of the first textile layer can also be made significantly more pronounced by the knitting process. The spacer yarns can then be matched to the first colour level or the second colour level so as not to interfere in the appearance. Thus, despite the presence of the spacer yarns, the impression of a simple, substantially two-dimensional textile fabric is obtained.

According to a further variant, the individual multifilament twists may be provided in different colours (preferably in a uniform sequence), for example to produce a striped pattern. However, the spacer yarns should not be exposed as separate components in this case.

By means of the invention, an improved interior trim part and the use of a spacer textile for forming an interior trim part are provided, wherein the overall inventive concept relates firstly to the surface structure and further advantages of the spacer knit.

According to a further aspect, a further particular advantage is achieved by the use of a spacer knit for forming the interior trim part when the second textile layer has a first polymer component and a second polymer component, wherein only the first polymer component is at least partially melted during the shaping process with the supply of heat.

The conceptual definitions of the first and second polymer components do not relate here to mixtures of the forms of the dopants. In contrast, the first polymer component and the second polymer component are arranged in the yarn structure of the second textile layer so as to be spatially separated from one another, for which purpose different designs result. For example, the second textile layer can have a first yarn system and a second yarn system, which are then typically also assigned to different textile tracks or needles. The first yarn system is then composed of a first polymer component, which in principle can also be a dope. The second yarn system then consists of the second polymer component. In particular, in the production of a spacer knit, it is also possible to treat two yarn systems with different knitting patterns on the respectively associated textile tracks.

According to an alternative embodiment, the second textile layer consists of a multifilament twist, the yarns of the multifilament twist being composed of different filament types. Thus, the first filament type is composed of a first polymer component and the second filament type is composed of a second polymer component. According to a further variant, it is also possible to use bicomponent fibres for the second textile layer, which then preferably have a sheath-core structure. In such bicomponent fibers, the first polymer component and the second polymer component are separated from each other in cross section. In a preferred sheath-core construction, the first polymer component, which melts under the delivery of heat, suitably forms the sheath.

Thus, in all described embodiments, the first polymer component and the second polymer component are arranged spatially separated from each other at least under the microscope. The second polymer component retains its structure while the first polymer component is at least partially melted, so that in the bicomponent fiber the respective yarn, the respective filament, or the core retains the structure of the second textile layer.

On the other hand, the structure of the corresponding threads, filaments or sheaths of the bicomponent fibers is changed by melting of the first polymer component, so that after cooling a significant reinforcement is obtained. This reinforcement by the first polymer component also leads to a three-dimensional shaping if the spacer textile is shaped three-dimensionally at the same time as the temperature treatment.

To achieve this, only the first polymer component is melted in the described manner, and expediently different melting or softening temperatures are set for the two polymer components. The temperature difference in terms of softening and melting temperatures is generally at least 10 kelvin, particularly preferably at least 20 kelvin, wherein for the purpose of simpler process implementation, it is of course possible to provide larger temperature differences.

By at least partially melting the first polymer component, the corresponding fiber or filament can be matched to a predetermined shape. In particular, the yarns or filaments can also be thermally connected to one another and bonded to some extent. Even if the yarns or fibers of the second polymer component are not melted, the yarns or filaments may be surrounded by the first polymer component and thereby also be fixed, according to embodiments of the arrangement and method. It is possible in particular to form a relatively hard, substantially lattice-like structure by melting the first polymer component, wherein (as explained above) the structural integrity of the second textile layer is ensured by the second polymer component.

The invention also relates to a trim part, in particular a ceiling of a passenger vehicle, having a carrier and a spacer textile having a first and a second textile layer and spacer yarns connecting the textile layers, wherein the spacer textile is arranged on the carrier by the second textile layer and the first textile layer forms the visible surface of the trim part, wherein the first textile layer and the spacer yarns consist exclusively of polymer multifilament threads, and wherein at least the polymer multifilament threads of the first textile layer and the spacer yarns are dyed.

In respect of possible modifications of the interior trim part according to the invention, reference is made to the explanations of the use according to the invention, wherein the features described here can also be provided in the same way in the interior trim part.

The carrier can be composed, for example, of a deep-drawn layer material, wherein, depending on the method embodiment, this deep-drawing process can be carried out with or without an applied spacer fabric.

However, in principle, other types of carriers are also conceivable. For example, the carrier can also be designed as an injection-molded part. The injection-molded part is then either first of all configured and the spacer textile is applied, in particular adhesively bonded, or the spacer textile is injection-molded in such a way that the use of adhesives can also be avoided if necessary.

According to a further development of the invention, the second textile layer has a first polymer component and a second polymer component, wherein the second textile layer is reinforced and/or spatially shaped by a structural change of the first polymer component caused by melting. Thereby, the spacer textile is also "drawn" in a certain manner.

For the construction of interior trim parts, it is known to connect a covering material (spacer textile according to the invention) to a carrier in a heated manner. In this case, the first polymer material of the second textile layer can be selected such that only the first polymer material of the second textile layer melts at a predetermined temperature during the joining process, whereby the restoring force of the spacer textile is reduced and the contour matching is achieved. In principle, however, it is also conceivable to achieve shaping for certain applications solely by the described reinforcement of the second textile layer without a separate carrier.

Finally, the invention also relates to a spacer fabric which is particularly suitable for use in the application according to the invention and the interior trim part according to the invention. The spacer knit has a first and a second textile layer and spacer yarns connecting the textile layers, and is characterized in that the two textile layers and the spacer yarns are formed from a single yarn type in the form of a multifilament yarn twist, wherein the two textile layers and the spacer yarns are also dyed in a uniform manner. The spacer knit according to the invention can thus be produced entirely from a uniform starting material in the form of a multifilament twist.

Drawings

The invention is explained below on the basis of the drawings which show only embodiments.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a part of an interior trim part in the form of a roof of a passenger vehicle.

Detailed Description

The sole figure shows a schematic representation of a trim part in the form of a roof of a passenger vehicle, which has a carrier 1 and a spacer textile 3 in the form of a spacer knit applied to the carrier 1 by means of an adhesive 2.

In the single figure, the carrier 1 is shown as being three-dimensionally shaped, for example by drawing, to be precise curved in the shown regions.

The spacer textile 3 has a planar first textile layer 4, a planar second textile layer 5 and spacer threads 6 connecting the textile layers 4, 5. Here, it can be seen that the first textile layer 4 forms the visible surface of the ceiling as interior trim part.

In order to ensure a particularly uniform appearance on the respective surface, it is provided within the scope of the invention that the first textile layer 4 and the spacer threads 6 consist exclusively of polymer multifilament strands.

In the embodiment shown, the entire spacer textile 3 is composed of a single yarn type in the form of a multifilament twist having a fineness of, for example, 76dtex and a number of typically 24 or 36 filaments.

The thickness of the spacer textile 3 is between 2mm and 5mm, for example about 3 mm.

The color of the multifilament yarn is consistently selected from the group of black, gray, brown and beige weaves.