阅读说明：本技术 主轴及超声加工机构 (Main shaft and ultrasonic machining mechanism ) 是由 颜炳姜 蔡丹 邝金田 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种主轴及超声加工机构,超声加工机构包括变幅杆、夹持件、超声换能器及外壳,变幅杆的一端直接装配于装夹孔内,并通过夹持件夹紧在夹持件与旋转轴之间,超声换能器设置于夹持件上的承载部上。超声换能器将超声频电信号转换成机械能,夹持件将机械能传递给变幅杆,变幅杆将机械能放大,以使变幅杆上的工具头产生超声波振动,进行超声波加工工件。直接将变幅杆装配于装夹孔内,将超声换能器通过夹持件直接套设于旋转轴和变幅杆外,即使旋转轴上没有适配刀柄的安装结构,也能够实现超声波加工的功能。省去了刀柄结构,不仅质量轻、结构简单,转动惯量比较小,可以实现高速加工,且可以避免对整体结构的跳动及精度产生不利影响。(The invention relates to a spindle and an ultrasonic machining mechanism, wherein the ultrasonic machining mechanism comprises an amplitude transformer, a clamping piece, an ultrasonic transducer and a shell, one end of the amplitude transformer is directly assembled in a clamping hole and clamped between the clamping piece and a rotating shaft through the clamping piece, and the ultrasonic transducer is arranged on a bearing part on the clamping piece. The ultrasonic transducer converts an ultrasonic frequency electrical signal into mechanical energy, the clamping piece transmits the mechanical energy to the amplitude transformer, and the amplitude transformer amplifies the mechanical energy so that the tool head on the amplitude transformer generates ultrasonic vibration to ultrasonically process a workpiece. The ultrasonic processing tool has the advantages that the amplitude transformer is directly assembled in the clamping hole, the ultrasonic transducer is directly sleeved outside the rotating shaft and the amplitude transformer through the clamping piece, and the ultrasonic processing function can be realized even if the rotating shaft is not provided with a mounting structure matched with the tool shank. The structure of the cutter handle is omitted, the weight is light, the structure is simple, the rotational inertia is small, high-speed processing can be realized, and the adverse effects on the jumping and the precision of the whole structure can be avoided.)

1. An ultrasonic machining mechanism, comprising:

one end of the amplitude transformer is used for being assembled in a clamping hole on a rotating shaft of the main shaft;

the clamping piece is sleeved outside the amplitude transformer and the rotating shaft and clamps the amplitude transformer on the rotating shaft, and a bearing part is further arranged on the clamping piece;

the ultrasonic transducer is sleeved on the clamping piece and fixed on the bearing part; and

the shell is sleeved outside the clamping piece, so that the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in a space formed between the shell and the clamping piece.

2. The ultrasonic machining mechanism of claim 1, wherein the horn comprises a fitting portion, the fitting portion is conical, and the fitting portion is configured to fit into a clamping hole of the rotating shaft.

3. The ultrasonic machining mechanism of claim 2, wherein the horn further comprises a body portion connected to the mounting portion, and a boss is formed on an outer periphery of the body portion in a protruding manner, and a surface of the boss facing away from the rotating shaft is used for abutting against the clamping member.

4. The ultrasonic machining mechanism according to claim 3, wherein a surface of the boss facing away from the rotating shaft is a first inclined surface and an outer diameter thereof is gradually reduced in a direction away from the fitting portion, and the holder is formed with a second inclined surface that is engaged with the first inclined surface.

5. The ultrasonic machining mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a first positioning portion is further formed on an outer peripheral edge of the holder, and a second positioning portion that is engaged with the first positioning portion is formed on the housing.

6. The ultrasonic machining mechanism of claim 5, wherein the first positioning portion is a positioning step, the second positioning portion is a positioning groove formed in the housing, and the positioning step is engaged with the positioning groove.

7. The ultrasonic machining mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ultrasonic transducer includes a ceramic sheet and an electrode sheet, the ceramic sheet and the electrode sheet being disposed in a stacked manner and being located in a space formed between the housing and the holder.

8. The ultrasonic machining mechanism according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonic transducer further comprises a back cover plate, the back cover plate is sleeved on the holder, and the ceramic sheet and the electrode sheet are located between the back cover plate and the bearing portion.

9. The ultrasonic machining mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a wireless receiving assembly, wherein the wireless receiving assembly is sleeved outside the main shaft and is located at the rear ends of the housing, the clamping member and the ultrasonic transducer.

10. The ultrasonic machining mechanism of claim 9, wherein the wireless receiving assembly includes a wireless receiving housing, a wireless receiving core, and a wireless receiving coil, the wireless receiving coil being positioned within the wireless receiving core and electrically connected to the ultrasonic transducer, the wireless receiving core being positioned within the wireless receiving housing, the wireless receiving housing sealing a space formed between the housing and the clamp.

11. The ultrasonic machining mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a wireless receiving assembly, wherein the wireless receiving assembly is sleeved outside the housing.

12. The ultrasonic machining mechanism of claim 11, wherein the wireless receiver assembly includes a wireless receiver housing, a wireless receiver core, and a wireless receiver coil, the wireless receiver coil being positioned within the wireless receiver core and electrically connected to the ultrasonic transducer, the wireless receiver core being positioned within the wireless receiver housing, the housing having a locator ring formed thereon, the wireless receiver housing being positioned on the locator ring.

13. The ultrasonic machining mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a wireless receiving assembly located at the front end of the housing and sleeved outside the horn, the wireless receiving assembly being spaced apart from the horn.

14. A spindle comprising a rotating shaft and an ultrasonic machining mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic machining, in particular to a spindle and an ultrasonic machining mechanism.

Background

With the increasing requirements of modern science and technology and industry on materials, especially in the fields of aerospace, chemical engineering, military, machinery, electronic and electrical products and precision manufacturing, the materials are required to have some special properties and also have excellent comprehensive properties. However, these materials, such as ceramics, glass, graphite, and silicon carbide, often have processing difficulties such as high strength, high hardness, and high brittleness, so that it is difficult to implement efficient and high-quality milling in the conventional milling process.

Ultrasonic machining is a composite machining mode of hard, brittle and difficult-to-machine materials with excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties such as ceramics, glass, sapphire, zirconia, silicon carbide and the like by utilizing ultrasonic vibration added by a tool head, and has the characteristics of high machining precision and good machining surface quality, so that the ultrasonic machining mode is widely applied to machining the hard and brittle materials. In recent years, with the rapid development of industries such as mobile phones and luxury goods, the processing requirements of hard, brittle and difficult-to-process materials such as sapphire and zirconia are higher and higher, and the application amount is larger, so that how to conveniently, rapidly and reliably apply the ultrasonic technology to a machine tool becomes the direction of industrial research and exploration.

The spindle is a core component of a machine tool, and a conventional spindle does not have an ultrasonic machining function, so an ultrasonic tool shank capable of generating ultrasonic vibration is generally assembled to the spindle to perform ultrasonic machining on a workpiece. However, some spindles are not adapted to the mounting structure of the ultrasonic tool holder, so that the ultrasonic tool holder cannot be assembled, and thus the workpiece cannot be subjected to ultrasonic machining; in addition, because the ultrasonic knife handle is generally heavy and has a complex structure, the jumping and the precision of the whole structure are adversely affected.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a spindle and an ultrasonic machining mechanism that can perform ultrasonic machining, are lightweight, have a simple structure, and avoid adverse effects on the runout and accuracy of the entire structure.

An ultrasonic machining mechanism comprising:

one end of the amplitude transformer is used for being assembled in a clamping hole on a rotating shaft of the main shaft;

the clamping piece is sleeved outside the amplitude transformer and the rotating shaft and clamps the amplitude transformer on the rotating shaft, and a bearing part is further arranged on the clamping piece;

the ultrasonic transducer is sleeved on the clamping piece and fixed on the bearing part; and

the shell is sleeved outside the clamping piece, so that the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in a space formed between the shell and the clamping piece.

In one embodiment, the amplitude transformer comprises a mounting part, the mounting part is conical, and the mounting part is used for being mounted in a clamping hole of the rotating shaft.

In one embodiment, the amplitude transformer further comprises a rod body part, the rod body part is connected with the assembling part, a boss is formed on the outer periphery of the rod body part in a protruding mode, and one surface, facing away from the rotating shaft, of the boss is used for abutting against the clamping piece.

In one embodiment, a surface of the boss facing away from the rotating shaft is a first inclined surface, the outer diameter of the boss gradually decreases in a direction away from the fitting portion, and a second inclined surface matched with the first inclined surface is formed on the clamping member.

In one embodiment, the outer periphery of the clamping member is further formed with a first positioning portion, and the housing is formed with a second positioning portion matched with the first positioning portion.

In one embodiment, the first positioning portion is a positioning step, the second positioning portion is a positioning groove formed in the housing, and the positioning step is matched with the positioning groove.

In one embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer comprises a ceramic sheet and an electrode sheet, wherein the ceramic sheet and the electrode sheet are arranged in a laminated mode and are located in a space formed between the shell and the clamping piece.

In one embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer further comprises a back cover plate, the back cover plate is sleeved on the clamping piece, and the ceramic plate and the electrode plate are located between the back cover plate and the bearing part.

In one embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer further comprises a wireless receiving component, wherein the wireless receiving component is sleeved outside the main shaft and is positioned at the rear ends of the shell, the clamping piece and the ultrasonic transducer.

In one embodiment, the wireless receiving assembly comprises a wireless receiving shell, a wireless receiving magnetic core and a wireless receiving coil, the wireless receiving coil is positioned in the wireless receiving magnetic core and is electrically connected with the ultrasonic transducer, the wireless receiving magnetic core is positioned in the wireless receiving shell, and the wireless receiving shell seals a space formed between the shell and the clamping piece.

In one embodiment, the wireless receiving device further comprises a wireless receiving component, and the wireless receiving component is sleeved outside the shell.

In one embodiment, the wireless receiving assembly includes a wireless receiving housing, a wireless receiving core and a wireless receiving coil, the wireless receiving coil is located in the wireless receiving core and electrically connected to the ultrasonic transducer, the wireless receiving core is located in the wireless receiving housing, a positioning ring is formed on the housing, and the wireless receiving housing is positioned on the positioning ring.

In one embodiment, the horn further comprises a wireless receiving component, the wireless receiving component is located at the front end of the shell and sleeved outside the horn, and a distance is reserved between the wireless receiving component and the horn.

A spindle comprising a rotational axis and an ultrasonic machining mechanism as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.

The main shaft and the ultrasonic processing mechanism at least have the following advantages:

during assembly, one end of the amplitude transformer is directly assembled in a clamping hole in a rotating shaft of the main shaft, the amplitude transformer is clamped on the rotating shaft through the clamping piece, and the ultrasonic transducer is fixed on the bearing part on the clamping piece. When the ultrasonic machining device works, the ultrasonic transducer converts an ultrasonic frequency electric signal into mechanical energy, the mechanical energy is transmitted to the amplitude transformer through the clamping piece, and the amplitude transformer amplifies the mechanical energy, so that the tool head on the amplitude transformer generates ultrasonic vibration to ultrasonically machine a workpiece. Above-mentioned main shaft and ultrasonic machining mechanism directly will become width of cloth pole assembly in the clamping is downthehole, with ultrasonic transducer through the direct cover of holder locate the rotation axis with become width of cloth pole outside, even do not have the mounting structure of adaptation handle of a knife on the rotation axis, also can assemble width of cloth pole on the rotation axis, the transducer establishes the cover through the holder and locates the rotation axis and become the function of width of cloth pole outside in order to realize ultrasonic machining. Therefore, a knife handle structure is omitted, the weight is light, the structure is simple, the rotational inertia is small, high-speed machining can be realized, and the adverse effects on the jumping and the precision of the whole structure can be avoided. In addition, after the structure is adopted, the main shaft structure transformation of any machine tool can be simply and quickly realized, the ultrasonic processing is realized, the universality is very good, and the design of the main shaft structure and the size to match with the independent ultrasonic knife handle is not required to be considered.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spindle according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the spindle shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a spindle according to another embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the spindle of FIG. 4;

fig. 6 is a partial schematic view of fig. 5.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

Referring to fig. 1-3, a spindle 10 according to one embodiment includes a ultrasonic machining mechanism 100, a collet 200, a nut 300, and a tool bit 400. The spindle 10 is used for being mounted on a machine tool, the spindle 10 has a rotating shaft 11, and a clamping hole 12 is opened in the rotating shaft 11. For example, the clamping hole 12 is opened on the bottom end face of the rotating shaft 11, and the clamping hole 12 extends upwards, so that the rotating shaft 11 rotates during operation. Ultrasonic machining mechanism 100 includes horn 110, holder 120, ultrasonic transducer 130, and housing 140.

One end of the horn 110 is adapted to be fitted into the chucking hole 12 of the rotary shaft 11. The clamping member 120 is configured to be sleeved outside the horn 110 and the rotating shaft 11, and clamp the horn 110 to the rotating shaft 11. That is, the horn 110 is mounted and clamped to the rotary shaft 11 by the clamp 120, and is not realized by the ultrasonic knife handle. The holding member 120 is further provided with a bearing portion 121.

The ultrasonic transducer 130 is sleeved on the holding member 120 and fixed on the carrier 121. The housing 140 is sleeved outside the holder 120, so that the ultrasonic transducer 130 is located in a space formed between the housing 140 and the holder 120. The holding assembly includes the holding member 120 and the housing 140, the holding member 120 clamps the horn 110 between the holding member 120 and the rotating shaft 11, and the housing 140 is disposed outside the holding member 120.

During assembly, one end of the horn 110 is directly fitted into the clamping hole 12 on the bottom end surface of the rotating shaft 11, the horn 110 is clamped on the rotating shaft 11 by the clamping member 120, and the ultrasonic transducer 130 is fixed on the bearing part 121 on the clamping member 120. In operation, the ultrasonic transducer 130 converts the ultrasonic frequency electrical signal into mechanical energy, and transmits the mechanical energy to the horn 110 through the clamping member 120, and the horn 110 amplifies the mechanical energy, so that the tool head 400 on the horn 110 generates ultrasonic vibration to ultrasonically process the workpiece. The spindle 10 and the ultrasonic processing mechanism 100 directly assemble the horn 110 in the clamping hole 12, and directly sleeve the ultrasonic transducer 130 outside the rotating shaft 11 and the horn 110 through the clamping member 120, so that even if the rotating shaft 11 does not have a mounting structure adapted to a tool holder, the horn 110 can be assembled on the rotating shaft 11, and the transducer can be sleeved outside the rotating shaft 11 and the horn 110 through the clamping member 120 to realize the function of ultrasonic processing. Therefore, a knife handle structure is omitted, the weight is light, the structure is simple, the rotational inertia is small, high-speed machining can be realized, and the adverse effects on the jumping and the precision of the whole structure can be avoided. In addition, after the structure is adopted, the main shaft structure transformation of any machine tool can be simply and quickly realized, the ultrasonic processing is realized, the universality is very good, and the design of the main shaft structure and the size to match with the independent ultrasonic knife handle is not required to be considered.

Specifically, the horn 110 includes a fitting portion 111, the fitting portion 111 has a conical shape, and correspondingly, the mounting hole 12 has a conical shape, and the fitting portion 111 is configured to be fitted into the mounting hole 12 of the rotating shaft 11. Therefore, the fitting between the horn 110 and the clamping hole 12 can be ensured.

Further, the horn 110 also includes a shank portion 112, and the shank portion 112 is connected to the mounting portion 111. The outer periphery of the shaft 112 is further formed with a protruding portion 113, and a surface of the protruding portion 113 facing away from the rotating shaft 11 is used for abutting against the clamping member 120. That is, when the clamp 120 clamps the horn 110 to one end of the rotary shaft 11, the clamp 120 abuts against a surface of the boss 113 facing away from the rotary shaft 11.

Further, a surface of the boss 113 facing away from the rotating shaft 11 is a first inclined surface 114 and an outer diameter thereof gradually decreases in a direction away from the fitting portion 111, and a second inclined surface 124 that is engaged with the first inclined surface 114 is formed on the holder 120. The mating first and second angled surfaces 114, 124 can provide a guide during assembly, which can help ensure stability between the clamping member 120 and the horn 110 when assembled.

Further, a surface of the boss 113 facing the rotation shaft 11 is a flat surface. Therefore, when the horn 110 is fitted into the holding hole 12, the flat surface can prevent interference between the horn 110 and the rotary shaft 11.

Further, the clamping member 120 includes a socket portion 122 and a clamping portion 123 connected to each other, the bearing portion 121 is disposed on the socket portion 122, and the clamping portion 123 is used for clamping the horn 110 to one end of the rotating shaft 11. For example, the socket 122 is integrally formed with the clamping portion 123, and the carrier 121 is integrally formed with both the socket 122 and the clamping portion 123. The inner side wall of the sleeve portion 122 is formed with an internal thread, the outer side wall of the rotating shaft 11 is formed with an external thread, and the sleeve portion 122 is screwed to the bottom end of the rotating shaft 11 in a manner that the internal thread is matched with the external thread. The second inclined surface 124 is formed inside the clamping portion 123, and the diameter inside the clamping portion 123 is gradually reduced in a direction away from the rotation shaft 11.

Further, the outer circumference of the clamping member 120 is formed with a first positioning portion 125, and the housing 140 is formed with a second positioning portion 141 engaged with the first positioning portion 125. When the housing 140 is assembled, the first positioning portion 125 is engaged with the second positioning portion 141, which is beneficial to improving the convenience of assembly. For example, the first positioning portion 125 is located outside the socket portion 122, and the first positioning portion 125 is located below the bearing portion 121.

Specifically, the first positioning portion 125 is a positioning step, and the second positioning portion 141 is a positioning groove formed on the housing 140, and the positioning step is matched with the positioning groove. Therefore, after the housing 140 is assembled, the positioning step is matched with the positioning groove, so that the positioning function can be achieved, the sealing performance between the housing 140 and the clamping piece 120 can be improved, and external water vapor and impurities are prevented from entering.

Further, the housing 140 includes a casing 142 and a casing 143, the casing 143 is located at one end of the casing 142, a through hole is formed in the casing 143, and the positioning groove is formed in a side wall of the through hole. For example, the positioning groove is formed on the inner bottom wall of the shell plate 143, so that the stroke of external moisture and impurities entering the space formed between the housing 140 and the clamping member 120 is prolonged, and a structure similar to a labyrinth is formed, which is beneficial to further improving the sealing property.

Further, the ultrasonic transducer 130 includes a ceramic sheet 131 and an electrode sheet 132, and the ceramic sheet 131 and the electrode sheet 132 are stacked and located in a space formed between the housing 140 and the holder 120. The ultrasonic transducer 130 further includes a back cover plate 133, the back cover plate 133 is sleeved on the clamping member 120, and the ceramic sheet 131 and the electrode sheet 132 are located between the back cover plate 133 and the bearing portion 121. The rear cover plate 133 presses the ceramic sheet 131 and the electrode sheet 132 against the bearing part 121, thereby improving structural stability.

Further, the ultrasonic processing mechanism 100 further comprises a wireless receiving component 150, and the wireless receiving component 150 is sleeved outside the housing 140, so that the assembly mode saves axial space and is suitable for the problem that the length of the extended length of the spindle clamp is not enough. At this time, the housing 140 further includes a sealing cover 144, and the sealing cover 144 covers the housing 140, the holder 120 and the rear end of the rear cover 133 of the ultrasonic transducer 130, and seals the ultrasonic transducer 130 in a space formed between the housing 140 and the holder 120 to prevent the entry of external moisture and impurities.

Specifically, the wireless receiving assembly 150 includes a wireless receiving housing 151, a wireless receiving core 152 and a wireless receiving coil 153, the wireless receiving coil 153 is disposed in the wireless receiving core 152 and electrically connected to the ultrasonic transducer 130, the wireless receiving core 152 is disposed in the wireless receiving housing 151, a positioning ring 145 is formed on the housing 140, and the wireless receiving housing 151 is positioned on the positioning ring 145.

Of course, referring to fig. 4 to 6, in another embodiment, the wireless receiving assembly 150 is sleeved outside the main shaft 10 and located at the rear end of the housing 140, the clamping member 120 and the ultrasonic transducer 130, so that the overall structure volume is small, and the rotational inertia of the main shaft is smaller by being concentrated on the shaft core. It should be noted that the direction of the tool head approaching the workpiece is the front direction, and the direction of the tool head approaching the main shaft is the rear direction. As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the upper side is the rear end and the lower side is the front end.

The wireless receiving assembly 150 includes a wireless receiving housing 151, a wireless receiving core 152 and a wireless receiving coil 153, the wireless receiving coil 153 is disposed in the wireless receiving core 152 and electrically connected to the ultrasonic transducer 130, the wireless receiving core 152 is disposed in the wireless receiving housing 151, and the wireless receiving housing 151 seals a space formed between the housing 140 and the holder 120. At this time, the sealing cover plate of the housing 140 may be omitted, and the space formed between the housing 140 and the holder 120 is sealed by the wireless receiving case 151.

Of course, in another embodiment, the wireless receiving assembly may also be located at the front end of the housing and sleeved outside the horn, and a distance is provided between the wireless receiving assembly and the horn. At this time, the rear end of the housing is sealed by a sealing cover plate.

Further, one end of the horn 110 is provided with a trepan 115, one end of the tool bit 400 is clamped in the collet 200, and the nut 300 locks the collet 200 in the trepan 115 of the horn 110.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.